Deck 10: Marine Fishes

Question 1

About 2/3 of a shark's brain is used for:

A) control of body movement.
B) processing electrical currents from the water.
C) olfaction.
D) vision.
E) processing water pressure differences.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Ammocoetes, the larval forms of lampreys, feed:

A) on suspended particles.
B) on other fishes.
C) on benthic deposits.
D) by parasitizing other fish.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The nictitating membrane of sharks is used to:

A) protect the gills.
B) line the mouth.
C) enclose the internal organs.
D) detect smells.
E) cover the eye.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A fish in which a sharp spine is associated with the dorsal fins is the:

A) spiny dogfish.
B) sea bass.
C) hagfish.
D) sea horse.
E) goldfish.

Question 5

The majority of a shark's brain is devoted to processing signals of:

A) touch.
B) olfaction.
C) taste.
D) electricity.
E) vision.

Question 6

A defense mechanism of hagfish is ____.

A) to tie into a knot to prevent them from being swallowed.
B) foul odor.
C) abundant mucus.
D) detection by the semicircular canals followed by avoidance.
E) a sharp fin spine.

Question 7

What characteristic does not describe a vertebrate?

A) notochord.
B) backbone.
C) exoskeleton.
D) gills or lungs.
E) posterior tail.

Question 8

Squalene is produced by the ____ of sharks.

A) kidneys
B) heart
C) livers
D) muscle
E) gall bladder

Question 9

The skin of sharks is covered with scales called:

A) placoid.
B) cycloid.
C) ctenoid.
D) ganoid.
E) circular.

Question 10

The feeding mode of adult lampreys is considered:

A) parasitism.
B) scavenging.
C) predation.
D) grazing.
E) filter feeding.

Question 11

The rectal gland of sharks is involved in the excretion of:

A) urea.
B) sodium chloride.
C) calcium and magnesium.
D) trimethyamine oxide.
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 12

The claspers of cartilaginous fishes are used for:

A) clasping onto prey.
B) clasping onto the sediment.
C) reproduction.
D) propulsion.
E) balance.

Question 13

The neuromast cells are part of the system to

A) process light.
B) sense electrical currents in the water.
C) control balance.
D) detect vibrations.
E) detect dissolved chemicals.

Question 14

Sharks obtain neutral buoyancy by producing an oil called:

A) buoyancy.
B) squalene.
C) Omega-3.
D) fish oil.
E) ambergris.

Question 15

Neuromast cells are associated with the ____ of sharks.

A) eyes
B) lateral line
C) nostrils
D) brain
E) ampullae

Question 16

The spiral valve is a specialized structure found within:

A) bony fishes.
B) sharks.
C) sea turtles.
D) lampreys.
E) sea birds.

Question 17

The largest known fish is:

A) the blue whale.
B) the whale shark.
C) the megamouth shark.
D) the great white shark.
E) the humpback whale.

Question 18

The forward thrust of swimming sharks is created by:

A) the pectoral fins.
B) the pelvic fins.
C) the dorsal fin.
D) the caudal fin.
E) the anal fin.

Question 19

Hagfish are caught commercially for their

A) oil.
B) mucus.
C) meat.
D) hide.
E) scales.

Question 20

The ampullae of Lorenzini are specialized organs for detecting ____ that are found in sharks.

A) smells
B) vibrations of the water
C) tastes
D) electrical output
E) water pressure

Question 21

The toxins of stingrays are destroyed with hot water, therefore they are a type of:

A) protein.
B) carbohydrate.
C) fat.
D) lipid.
E) DNA.

Question 22

The following are all main points of the section Adaptations to Extreme Cold except:

A) 90% of fish biomass in Antarctic seas belongs to a single species of fish.
B) sugar and protein molecules in fish cells prevent fish from freezing
C) some Antarctic fish lack hemoglobin in their blood.
D) some Antarctic fish lack red blood cells.
E) global warming may place these fish in danger of extinction.

Question 23

Tails that have equally sized upper and lower lobes are called:

A) heterocercal.
B) ganoid.
C) cycloid.
D) homocercal.
E) ctenoid.

Question 24

A bony fish that lives in the marine environment that was once thought to be extinct is the:

A) coelacanth.
B) African lung fish.
C) sturgeon fish.
D) mud skipper.
E) puffer fish.

Question 25

The spiracle in conjunction with a ventral gill in skates and rays is an adaptation that allows them to:

A) be nekton.
B) have a bottom existence.
C) position their mouth ventrally.
D) avoid detection by predators.
E) filter feed on plankton.

Question 26

Unique features of skates and rays are their

A) gill slits.
B) adipose tissues.
C) flat bodies.
D) spiracles.
E) countershaded bodies.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a measure to avoid a shark attack?

A) Swimming where people, fish and/or blood are in the water
B) Swimming at night, dusk or in murky water
C) Swim with erratically behaving schools of fish
D) Avoid splashing or wearing shiny jewelry

Question 28

Fishes that exhibit a sedentary lifestyle have ____ bodies.

A) fusiform
B) laterally compressed
C) globular
D) flattened
E) streamlined

Question 29

A shark reproduction scheme in which the embryos develop within eggs that supply all their nourishment inside the oviduct of the female is called:

A) ovoviviparous.
B) viviparous.
C) spawning.
D) oviparous.

Question 30

Utilizing pigments for camouflage is common in ____ fishes.

A) benthic
B) tuna
C) pelagic
D) reef
E) angler

Question 31

The subclass of Chondrichthyes with an operculum is called:

A) sharks.
B) skates.
C) rays.
D) chimaeras.
E) hagfish.

Question 32

The coelacanth gave rise to the ____.

A) ray-finned fish
B) chimaeras
C) tetrapods
D) dogfish
E) lungfish.

Question 33

Fishes that are very active swimmers have a ____ body.

A) fusiform
B) laterally compressed
C) globular
D) flattened
E) dorso-ventrally compressed

Question 34

A first aid for stingray injury is:

A) place the injured area in cold water or apply ice packs.
B) pour ammonia over the injured area.
C) place the injured area in hot water.
D) apply MSG to the injured area.
E) urinate onto the wound.

Question 35

The skin of the subclass Chondrosti is covered with scales called:

A) placoid.
B) cycloid.
C) stenoid.
D) ganoid.
E) rhomboid.

Question 36

The kidneys of sharks excrete ions of:

A) urea.
B) salts.
C) calcium and magnesium.
D) trimethyamine oxide.
E) ammonia.

Question 37

Countershading is a common form of camouflage in ____ fishes.

A) coral reef
B) eel grass bed
C) pelagic
D) deep sea

Question 38

The forward thrust of swimming stingrays is created by:

A) the pectoral fins.
B) the pelvic fins.
C) the dorsal fin.
D) the caudal fin.
E) the anal fin.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a camouflage device?

A) chromatophores
B) iridophores
C) thigmotaxis
D) obliterative countershading

Question 40

Most skates are:

A) ovoviviparous.
B) oviparous.
C) live bearers.
D) viviparous.
E) broadcast spawners.

Question 41

Bony fish usually do not need to adjust pupil size because:

A) their eyelids protect their eyes from bright light.
B) the quantity of light is relatively low.
C) they can move their lens forward and backward.
D) a in conjunction with c

Question 42

Which function below is not performed by the gills of bony fishes?

A) extract nutrients from the water
B) extract oxygen form the water
C) eliminate carbon dioxide from their body
D) aid in osmoregulation

Question 43

Deoxygenated blood is initially collected by the:

A) dorsal aorta.
B) sinus venosus.
C) atrium.
D) bulbus arteriosus.
E) vena cava.

Question 44

The gill rakers of anchovies are modified for:

A) respiration.
B) excretion of salts.
C) filtering plankton.
D) crushing their fish prey.
E) detecting vibrations in the water column.

Question 45

Sharks are positively buoyant in seawater.

Question 46

Snappers swim by:

A) flexing only the area before the caudal fin.
B) flexing only the posterior portion of the body.
C) using only their fins.
D) undulating the entire body.

Question 47

The nervous system of fish includes:

A) olfactory pits.
B) taste receptors.
C) eyes.
D) otoliths.
E) all of the above.

Question 48

The eyes of sharks are designed for optimal color vision.

Question 49

The majority of bony fishes show the ____ reproductive strategy.

A) viviparous
B) oviparous
C) internal fertilization
D) ovoviviparous

Question 50

The following are all main points about toxic fish poisoning except:

A) ciguatera poisoning is not usually fatal.
B) ciguatera is due to blooms of dinoflagellates.
C) puffer fish poisoning can be fatal.
D) there are safe and effective antidotes for ciguatera poisoning.

Question 51

Fishes that reproduce in fresh water and migrate out to sea as adults are considered:

A) catadromous.
B) anadromous.
C) polyandrous.
D) polygynous.
E) demersal.

Question 52

____ are good examples of catadromous fishes.

A) Lampreys
B) Salmon
C) Freshwater eels
D) Hagfish
E) Sea horses

Question 53

The skeletons of both hagfish and sharks are made of the same cartilaginous material.

Question 54

Most sodium chloride is excreted from marine bony fishes through:

A) the kidneys.
B) the gills.
C) salt glands.
D) the feces.
E) diffusion.

Question 55

The lateral line is part of the system to

A) process light.
B) sense electrical currents in the water.
C) control balance.
D) detect vibrations.
E) detect dissolved substances.

Question 56

The mechanism for gas exchange in the gills includes:

A) chloride cells.
B) rete mirable.
C) countercurrent multiplier system.
D) swim bladder inflation.
E) hormonal controls.

Question 57

Fertilization is internal in sharks.

Question 58

The sucker of clingfishes is modified from:

A) the mouth.
B) the pectoral fins.
C) a disc on top of the head.
D) the pelvic fins.
E) the first dorsal fin.

Question 59

Which of the following does not use a swim bladder to regulate buoyancy?

A) mackerel
B) sea bass
C) grouper
D) sheepshead
E) butterfly fish

Question 60

The reproductive biology of hagfishes is well understood.

Question 61

Match the reproductive type of sharks with its characteristic.
a.development in mother's uterus without an egg
b.egg released outside of body
c.egg hatched in mothers uterus
Oviviparity

Question 62

Match the word with the one it is most closely associated with.
a.iridophores
b.chromataphores
c.obliterative
Pigments

Question 63

The fins of bony fishes are more maneuverable than those of cartilaginous fishes.

Question 64

Match the body form with its most closely associated species.
a.flattened
b.snakelike bodies
c.fusiform
d.globular
Moray eels

Question 65

The annual risk of death from lighting is 47 times the risk of death from shark attack.

Question 66

Match the body form with its most closely associated species.
a.flattened
b.snakelike bodies
c.fusiform
d.globular
Flounder

Question 67

The discharge of the electric organ of electric rays delivers up to 220 volts.

Question 68

Fast moving fishes tend to propel themselves by undulating their entire bodies.

Question 69

Most bony fishes swallow their prey whole rather than chew it.

Question 70

MATCHING
Match the animal with the swimming method it is most closely associated with.
a.moving caudal fin side-to-side
b.wave travels along the edge of pectoral fins
c.pectoral fins flap up and down
d.eel-like undulation of body
Lamprey

Question 71

Marine bony fishes have blood that is just as salty as seawater.

Question 72

Match the body form with its most closely associated species.
a.flattened
b.snakelike bodies
c.fusiform
d.globular
Tuna

Question 73

MATCHING
Match the animal with the swimming method it is most closely associated with.
a.moving caudal fin side-to-side
b.wave travels along the edge of pectoral fins
c.pectoral fins flap up and down
d.eel-like undulation of body
Shark

Question 74

MATCHING
Match the animal with the swimming method it is most closely associated with.
a.moving caudal fin side-to-side
b.wave travels along the edge of pectoral fins
c.pectoral fins flap up and down
d.eel-like undulation of body
Skate

Question 75

MATCHING
Match the animal with the swimming method it is most closely associated with.
a.moving caudal fin side-to-side
b.wave travels along the edge of pectoral fins
c.pectoral fins flap up and down
d.eel-like undulation of body
Ray

Question 76

Match the body form with its most closely associated species.
a.flattened
b.snakelike bodies
c.fusiform
d.globular
Pufferfish

Question 77

Unlike cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes do not have a keen sense of smell.

Question 78

Match the reproductive type of sharks with its characteristic.
a.development in mother's uterus without an egg
b.egg released outside of body
c.egg hatched in mothers uterus
Viviparity

Question 79

The eyes of fishes are adapted for black and white vision.

Question 80

Match the reproductive type of sharks with its characteristic.
a.development in mother's uterus without an egg
b.egg released outside of body
c.egg hatched in mothers uterus
Ovoviparity