Deck 15: Coral Reef Communities

Question 1

Each of the following is an ahermatypic coral except:

A) gorgonians.
B) black corals.
C) plate corals.
D) soft corals.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Zooxanthellae are symbiotic:

A) diatoms.
B) dinoflagellates.
C) radiolarians.
D) coccolithophores.
E) forameniferans.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cnidarians of the class ____ are responsible for building coral reefs.

A) Anthozoa
B) Hydrozoa
C) Cubozoa
D) Scyphozoa
E) Palyzoa.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The spur-and-groove formation of coral reefs is used as a means of:

A) obtaining more sunlight.
B) dissipating the energy of the waves.
C) ensuring good circulation.
D) capturing more zooplankton.
E) directing fish migrations.

Question 5

Fire coral are a member of the class

A) Anthozoa.
B) Hydrozoa.
C) Scyphozoa.
D) Cubozoa.

Question 6

The Atlantic Ocean supports fewer coral species because most of the Atlantic is

A) too warm.
B) too stagnant.
C) too clear.
D) too cold.
E) too nutrient-rich.

Question 7

The west coast of Africa and South America in the tropics do not support corals. Which of the following would likely prevent coral growth in these areas?

A) cool northern flowing currents
B) cool upwelling water
C) depth of 25 meters
D) both a and b

Question 8

Broadcast spawning refers to

A) having multiple reproductive partners.
B) releasing sperm into surrounding waters.
C) releasing eggs into surrounding waters.
D) internal fertilization.
E) both b and c

Question 9

The optimum temperature for coral formation occurs where the average annual temperatures are between ____ ^$\circ$ C and ____ ^$\circ$ C.

A) 18, 20
B) 20, 23
C) 23, 25
D) 25, 27
E) 30, 40

Question 10

Coral reefs form in areas where seawater temperatures average no less than:

A) 10° C.
B) 18° C.
C) 30° C.
D) 40° C.
E) 45° C.

Question 11

The highest point on a reef is called the:

A) reef crest.
B) reef flat.
C) reef front.
D) back reef.
E) leeward edge.

Question 12

The lack of corals near the mouths of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers is primarily due to:

A) cool northern flowing currents.
B) cool upwelling water.
C) massive fresh water out-flow.
D) clear water.
E) both a and b

Question 13

Hermatypic refers to:

A) reef building corals.
B) non-reef building corals.
C) gorgonians.
D) black corals.
E) sea fans and soft corals.

Question 14

The reef building corals are not found below 60 m (200 feet) due to:

A) light requirements of the zooxanthellae.
B) limited plankton as food.
C) cold water.
D) competition with non-reef building corals.
E) predation by sea stars.

Question 15

Coral reefs separated from land by a lagoon or deep water channel are called:

A) atolls.
B) barrier reefs.
C) table reefs.
D) fringing reefs.
E) patch reefs.

Question 16

Coral reefs are an example of biological organisms that can:

A) alter the temperature.
B) moderate global warming.
C) form the physical structure of the community.
D) regulate water run-off.

Question 17

Ahermatypic refers to:

A) reef building corals.
B) non-reef building corals.
C) plate coral.
D) brain coral.
E) finger coral.

Question 18

Reefs that are separated by a lagoon from the land mass they surround are called:

A) atolls.
B) fringing reefs.
C) barrier reefs.
D) patch reefs.
E) table reefs.

Question 19

Circular coral reefs that arise out of deep water with a centrally located lagoon are called:

A) atolls.
B) barrier reefs.
C) table reefs.
D) fringing reefs.

Question 20

Coral reefs found very close to the shore of islands and continents are called:

A) atolls.
B) barrier reefs.
C) table reefs.
D) fringing reefs.

Question 21

The cycle of coral reef formation involves:

A) bioerosion.
B) budding to form corallites.
C) solidification of rubble by encrusting coralline algae.
D) a followed by c

Question 22

An active hunter on the coral reef is a(n)

A) sponge.
B) cnidarian.
C) giant clam.
D) octopus.
E) crinoid.

Question 23

All of the following are filter feeding dwellers of coral reefs except:

A) Christmas tree worms.
B) sponges.
C) giant clam.
D) cone snails.
E) tunicates.

Question 24

The constructive phase of coral reef formation involves:

A) consumption of soft corals by crown of thorns sea stars.
B) settling of planula larvae.
C) Halimeda growth.
D) both a and c

Question 25

An important asexual form of coral reproduction is called:

A) broadcast spawning.
B) brooding.
C) synchronized spawning.
D) fragmentation.

Question 26

Zooxanthellae provide some of the nutritional requirements of coral in the form of:

A) glucose.
B) fats.
C) amino acids.
D) a and c
E) b and c

Question 27

A production/respiration ratio of one indicates:

A) the reef is productive and exporting nutrients.
B) little biomass is available for export.
C) the reef may begin to decline.
D) community respiration is too high.
E) algae are overgrowing the coral.

Question 28

In the higher parts of reefs, where wave energy is greatest, ____ corals tend to dominate.

A) platelike
B) brain
C) soft
D) branching
E) encrusting

Question 29

The planktonic larvae of coral polyps are called:

A) trochophore.
B) zoea.
C) planula.
D) megalopa.
E) echinopluteus.

Question 30

An organism that can eviscerate its internal organs when stressed is the:

A) sea star.
B) sea cucumber.
C) crinoid.
D) sea urchin.
E) brittle star.

Question 31

Coral reef invertebrates mainly feed during

A) day time.
B) night time.
C) early morning.
D) early evening.
E) spring tides.

Question 32

High production of coral reefs relative to the surrounding sea is attributed to:

A) the coral's ability to trap nutrients.
B) the unique structure of the corals.
C) the abundant phytoplankton surrounding the coral animals.
D) the symbiotic relationship of coral animals and dinoflagellates.

Question 33

The high productivity of coral reefs is a direct result of:

A) the large numbers of phytoplankton and algae living on reefs.
B) the tight symbiotic relationship between coral polyps and zooxanthellae.
C) the high concentration of nutrients in tropical waters.
D) the upwelling of tropical waters.

Question 34

The use of venom for paralyzing prey is common in

A) cowries.
B) Triton's trumpet snail.
C) cone snails.
D) mantis shrimp.
E) sea stars.

Question 35

Nitrogen supplies to atoll coral reefs are thought to come from all except

A) nitrogen fixing bacteria.
B) planktonic cyanobacteria wind-driven to the reefs.
C) re-cycling by fish fecal material.
D) runoff from land.

Question 36

The mucus cocoon of parrotfish is used as a means of:

A) masking the fish's scent.
B) discouraging parasites from attaching.
C) capturing plankton prey.
D) maintaining osmotic balance.
E) maintaining thermal constancy

Question 37

The Indo-Pacific coral reefs have about ____ species of true corals to ____ in the Atlantic.

A) 100 to 35
B) 500 to 62
C) 350 to 25
D) 62 to 500
E) 1000 to 62

Question 38

Sessile and sedentary reef dwellers include

A) sponges and cnidarians.
B) crustaceans.
C) many molluscs.
D) fish.
E) cephalopods.

Question 39

Fish that mimic the morphology and behavior of cleaner wrasses are:

A) groupers.
B) pipefishes.
C) stonefish.
D) blennies.
E) butterfly fish.

Question 40

The importance of crustose calcareous algae on a coral reef is that they:

A) provide food for corals.
B) prevent settlement of larvae.
C) cement bits of rubble in the process of reef formation.
D) are a major source of food for reef dwellers.
E) create habitat for juvenile fish.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the physical characteristic of a coral reef type with the most closely associated type.a.[shore-reef]
b.[reef-lagoon-reef]
c.[shore-lagoon-reef]
Fringing

Question 42

Coral reproduce sexually by spawning.

Question 43

Massive forms of coral dominate:

A) in the upper areas of the reef.
B) in all areas of the reef.
C) in deeper areas of the reef.
D) in areas of the reef which receive the most light.
E) on the top of the reef crest.

Question 44

Corals that compete by growing fast can also use:

A) stinging filaments from their digestive cavity.
B) sweeper tentacles.
C) interference.
D) their greater ability to tolerate shade.
E) chemicals to paralyze competitors.

Question 45

Coral mucus is used by reef dwellers as a food source.

Question 46

Clownfishes are involved in a symbiotic relationship with:

A) corals.
B) anemones.
C) pearlfishes.
D) sea cucumbers.
E) sea fans.

Question 47

Coral are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Question 48

MATCHING
Match the physical characteristic of a coral reef type with the most closely associated type.a.[shore-reef]
b.[reef-lagoon-reef]
c.[shore-lagoon-reef]
Barrier

Question 49

Coral diversity is greatest in the Caribbean.

Question 50

The reef flat of fringing reefs descends into a lagoon.

Question 51

MATCHING
Match the physical characteristic of a coral reef type with the most closely associated type.a.[shore-reef]
b.[reef-lagoon-reef]
c.[shore-lagoon-reef]
Atoll

Question 52

The water inside the ring of an atoll is isolated from the open ocean and is usually less saline.

Question 53

The largest barrier reef in the world is the Great Barrier Reef of Australia.

Question 54

A problem with corals associated with warming of the oceans is called:

A) white pox disease.
B) coral bleaching.
C) black band disease.
D) yellow-blotch disease.
E) green band disease.

Question 55

The ecological model that random recruitment from the larval pool leads to high reef fish diversity is called:

A) competition model.
B) predation disturbance model.
C) lottery model.
D) resource limitation model.
E) optimal foraging model.

Question 56

The ecological model that high reef fish diversity is due to niche diversity is called:

A) competition model.
B) predation disturbance model.
C) lottery model.
D) resource limitation model.
E) bet hedging model.

Question 57

Coral polyps supply their symbionts with their nitrogenous wastes.

Question 58

Hermatypic corals are the principal reef building corals.

Question 59

Fast-growing algae are prevented from out competing corals due to:

A) low nutrients inhibiting their growth.
B) grazing on algae by herbivores.
C) sensitivity to pressure increasing with depth.
D) damselfish activity.
E) b and d

Question 60

Most predators living around coral reefs are active during the day when they can see their prey.

Question 61

Match the symbiosis feature with its most closely associated species.
a.shelter
b.protective covering
c.cleaners
d.internal commensal
Hermit crab

Question 62

Match the use of a color pattern of coral fish with the most closely associated fish.
a.defending territories
b.indicates sex
c.warning coloration
d.cryptic coloration
e.color changes between day and night
Lionfish

Question 63

Match the protective behavior of coral fish with its most closely associated species.
a.buries into sand
b.retreat into crevices for the night
c.sudsy mucus
d.mucus envelope
Soapfish

Question 64

Match the organism with the reef-building formation process it is most closely associated with.
a.Coralline algae
b.Halimeda
c.Sponges and bryzoans
Forms a loose structure

Question 65

Match the organism with the reef-building formation process it is most closely associated with.
a.Coralline algae
b.Halimeda
c.Sponges and bryzoans
Cements coral sand and rubble

Question 66

Match the wave energy habitat with the most closely associated coral type.a.reef crest
b.calm areas
c.reef front
d.deep areas
Staghorn coral

Question 67

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.finger-like projections
b.highest point
c.vertical wall
Reef crest

Question 68

Match the symbiosis feature with its most closely associated species.
a.shelter
b.protective covering
c.cleaners
d.internal commensal
Pearlfish

Question 69

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.finger-like projections
b.highest point
c.vertical wall
Buttress zone

Question 70

Match the wave energy habitat with the most closely associated coral type.a.reef crest
b.calm areas
c.reef front
d.deep areas
Elkhorn coral

Question 71

Match the use of a color pattern of coral fish with the most closely associated fish.
a.defending territories
b.indicates sex
c.warning coloration
d.cryptic coloration
e.color changes between day and night
Stonefish

Question 72

Match the wave energy habitat with the most closely associated coral type.a.reef crest
b.calm areas
c.reef front
d.deep areas
Brain coral

Question 73

Match the symbiosis feature with its most closely associated species.
a.shelter
b.protective covering
c.cleaners
d.internal commensal
Clown fish

Question 74

Match the use of a color pattern of coral fish with the most closely associated fish.
a.defending territories
b.indicates sex
c.warning coloration
d.cryptic coloration
e.color changes between day and night
Harlequin tusk wrasse

Question 75

Match the use of a color pattern of coral fish with the most closely associated fish.
a.defending territories
b.indicates sex
c.warning coloration
d.cryptic coloration
e.color changes between day and night
Parrotfishes

Question 76

Match the use of a color pattern of coral fish with the most closely associated fish.
a.defending territories
b.indicates sex
c.warning coloration
d.cryptic coloration
e.color changes between day and night
Spanish grunt

Question 77

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.finger-like projections
b.highest point
c.vertical wall
Dropoff

Question 78

Match the wave energy habitat with the most closely associated coral type.a.reef crest
b.calm areas
c.reef front
d.deep areas
Lettuce and plate coral

Question 79

Match the symbiosis feature with its most closely associated species.
a.shelter
b.protective covering
c.cleaners
d.internal commensal
Wrasses

Question 80

Match the organism with the reef-building formation process it is most closely associated with.
a.Coralline algae
b.Halimeda
c.Sponges and bryzoans
Calcium carbonate source