Deck 19: Harvesting the Oceans Resources

Question 1

The dominant physical resources from the sea are:

A) magnesium and iron.
B) salt and water.
C) gold and copper.
D) sulfides and manganese.
E) gold and oxygen.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Fish and shellfish resources are considered:

A) inexhaustible.
B) finite.
C) renewable.
D) transferable.
E) inorganic.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Separate populations are called:

A) schools.
B) aggregates.
C) stocks.
D) clusters.
E) races.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

At least 60% of the ____ most valuable fish species are overfished or fished to the limit.
a.

Question 5

Fishing gear that modifies the environment can lead to

A) increased complexity of the trophic food web.
B) loss of necessary habitat for target and non-target species.
C) improvement in habitat productivity.
D) increased species diversity in the habitat.
E) Fishing gear has been improved to prevent habitat problems.

Question 6

Trawl fishing

A) is used for catching pelagic fish.
B) is responsible for overfishing tuna.
C) is responsible for damaging bottom habitat.
D) has significantly increased the abundance of fisheries.
E) is environmentally sustainable.

Question 7

Traditionally, fisheries management has generally focused on

A) single species management.
B) multi-species management.
C) poly-culture.
D) aquaculture.
E) creation of marine reserves.

Question 8

Fish are tagged or evaluated with molecular markers to:

A) determine population distribution.
B) promote catch and release.
C) establish fishery composition.
D) promote fishery strategies.
E) immunize them against disease.

Question 9

For each ton of fishery caught and fed to animals only about ____ lbs. is available for human consumption.

A) 400
B) 300
C) 200
D) 100
E) 50

Question 10

Fish and shellfish account for what percentage of total protein consumed by the human population?

A) 6
B) 16
C) 26
D) 36
E) 56

Question 11

Fishery effort combined with catch data is used to

A) determine if a fishery is in jeopardy.
B) determine the pay rate for fishers.
C) determine the economic value of a fishery.
D) estimate the ocean's productivity.

Question 12

In warm areas, salt is extracted from seawater by:

A) evaporation.
B) freezing.
C) reverse osmosis.
D) chemical methods.
E) filtration.

Question 13

The potential yield

A) is how many fish can be caught in a year.
B) is an estimate of the amount of profit fishers can expect.
C) is an estimate of the number of pounds of fish or shellfish that may be harvested per year.
D) is an estimate of the profit from fish or shellfish that may be harvested per year.

Question 14

A decrease in relative abundance of a species can lead to

A) an increase in predator avoidance.
B) replacement species.
C) a change in ecosystem structure.
D) rapid growth in the depressed population.
E) greater ecosystem stability.

Question 15

b.

Question 16

To understand the population structure biologists conduct studies to determine all below except

A) population size.
B) age.
C) ocean conditions.
D) sex ratios.
E) growth rate.

Question 17

c.

Question 18

Increased technology that has led to more captured fish include:

A) giant factory ships.
B) radar.
C) aircraft.
D) underwater video surveillance cameras.
E) both a and c

Question 19

d.

Question 20

Fishing populations to low levels can cause a species to

A) relocate to distant locations.
B) migrate out of the area.
C) switch their prey items.
D) become ecologically extinct.
E) increase its reproductive rate.

Question 21

e. 400

Question 22

When fishery effort increases and catch remains stable or decreases

A) fishers need to find alternative methods to catch fish.
B) fishers simply need to relocate to another patch.
C) the abundance of the fish is declining.
D) costs remain high.
E) the size of fish caught tends to increase.

Question 23

Fishery landings are an important source of:

A) catch data.
B) size data.
C) effort data.
D) all the above

Question 24

Fishery biologists primarily rely on data collected by

A) fishery landings.
B) independent population studies.
C) carefully designed experiments.
D) astrological charts.
E) the military.

Question 25

Drift nets are fishing devices with an

A) average length of 40 to 50 meters and are 7 meters in depth.
B) average length of 10 to 15 meters and are 5 meters in depth.
C) average length of 50 to 70 meters and are 10 meters in depth.
D) average length of over 100 meters and are 20 meters in depth.

Question 26

The major reasons for the decline of the Peruvian anchovy fishery were:

A) pollution and El Niño.
B) political discord and pollution.
C) pollution and overfishing.
D) temperature decreases and El Niño.
E) overfishing and El Niño.

Question 27

All of the following are minerals commonly obtained from the seawater except:

A) manganese.
B) bromine.
C) gold.
D) sulfides.
E) chlorides.

Question 28

Consumers of fish and fish products can promote sustainable fisheries by

A) purchasing fish at the lowest cost.
B) not buying monkfish, orange roughy, and Atlantic salmon.
C) making wise purchasing decisions.
D) both b and c

Question 29

In tropical areas about ____% of the mangroves remain.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 35
E) 50

Question 30

The exclusive economic zone encompasses the area from the shore out to:

A) 3 miles.
B) 12 miles.
C) 20 miles.
D) 100 miles.
E) 200 miles.

Question 31

A relatively new product made from Alaska pollock is called:

A) surimi.
B) fish fillets.
C) bottom fish.
D) round fish.
E) Krab.

Question 32

Tin is commonly found:

A) in coastal sediments.
B) in oceanic sediments.
C) dissolved in seawater.
D) in manganese nodules.
E) at the bottom of trenches.

Question 33

Salmon fisheries are located in the coastal waters of:

A) Alaska.
B) New England.
C) the Pacific Northwest.
D) China.
E) both a and c

Question 34

Enforcement of regulations in the Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States falls upon:

A) the Department of Defense.
B) National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration.
C) the Coast Guard.
D) the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Agency.
E) the Navy.

Question 35

Oil and natural gas are predominantly composed of the remains of

A) multicellular animals.
B) phytoplankton.
C) fungi.
D) multicellular plants.
E) gelatinous zooplankton.

Question 36

The majority of energy resources taken from the sea are in the form of:

A) coal.
B) energy from tides.
C) gas and oil.
D) energy from waves.
E) thermal energy.

Question 37

When mangroves and seagrasses are reduced or damaged all occur except:

A) coastal erosion.
B) reduction of productivity.
C) reduced nursery grounds.
D) increased primary production.
E) increased sedimentation from land sources transported onto offshore coral reefs.

Question 38

Toxic red tides are especially harmful to the ____ fishery.

A) redfish
B) tuna
C) salmon
D) shellfish
E) squid.

Question 39

Incidental catch refers to:

A) catch above a given quota.
B) illegal fish catch.
C) catch of noncommercial fish species.
D) catch of endangered species.
E) all the fish caught on a particular day.

Question 40

Anchovies are an efficient fish to catch because they:

A) are grazers.
B) are filter feeders.
C) travel in large dense schools.
D) are small fish.
E) swim quickly.

Question 41

When non-target species are caught they are called:

A) excess fish.
B) undesirable species.
C) ineffective fishing.
D) incidental catch.
E) secondary catch.

Question 42

Tuna are captured commercially using:

A) traps.
B) purse seines.
C) fishing poles.
D) beach seines.
E) bottom trawlers.

Question 43

Coal is predominantly composed of the remains of:

A) multicellular animals.
B) phytoplankton.
C) fungi.
D) multicellular plants.
E) gelatinous zooplankton.

Question 44

Feeding fisheries catch to livestock is an inefficient way of distributing food resources because:

A) higher level predators are being fed to grazers.
B) cows cannot digest fish.
C) grazers are being fed to predators.
D) fish are a poor source of protein.
E) the trend is towards increasing human consumption of fish

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.oil and gas
b.renewable resources
c.non-renewable resources
Resources derived from microorganisms

Question 46

Aquaculture currently can raise all except:

A) shrimp.
B) swordfish.
C) clams.
D) oysters.
E) salmon.

Question 47

Drift nets

A) are an important piece of fishery gear.
B) have limited application in fisheries.
C) have been banned internationally since 1992.
D) are used only in the high seas.
E) are environmentally sound.

Question 48

Desalination plants are currently in operation in several countries, providing inexpensive water for agricultural purposes.

Question 49

Water obtained from seawater desalination is much cheaper than water pumped from the ground.

Question 50

The technique of "backing down" the purse seine net decrease the number of dolphins caught in it.

Question 51

For each pound of shrimp caught in the American fishery, how many pounds of other fish are discarded from the catch?

A) 2 pounds.
B) 5 pounds.
C) 10 pounds.
D) 15 pounds.
E) 25 pounds.

Question 52

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.oil and gas
b.renewable resources
c.non-renewable resources
Sustainable resources

Question 53

Increases in fishing effort have led to a proportional increase in fisheries yield.

Question 54

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.annual yield without being exploited
b.maximize yield over several years
c.reproductively isolated
Potential yield

Question 55

Compared to the Asian fisheries industry, the U.S. fishing industry efficiently utilizes almost all of the fish catch and almost all parts of a fish.

Question 56

The raising of more than one species of fish in a fish farming operation is called:

A) monoculture.
B) mariculture.
C) polyculture.
D) aquaculture.
E) multiculture.

Question 57

MATCHING
Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.oil and gas
b.renewable resources
c.non-renewable resources
Oil and coal

Question 58

Drift nets are allowed to float overnight in open ocean areas.

Question 59

Manganese nodules are actively mined from the sea today.

Question 60

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.annual yield without being exploited
b.maximize yield over several years
c.reproductively isolated
Stocks

Question 61

The majority of animals caught in shrimp trawls are the shrimp themselves.

Question 62

An understanding of the biology of marine animals is needed in order to implement adequate management of marine fisheries.

Question 63

Even though the U.S. tuna fishing industry is actively trying to avoid catching dolphins, there is still a big dolphin catch by foreign tuna fishers.

Question 64

Some of the problems with aquaculture include all except

A) converting productive habitat into less productive aquaculture.
B) large amounts of fish meal and protein needed to raise biomass.
C) pesticides and antibiotics in the tissues.
D) increased shrimp for the restaurant trade.
E) localized environmental degradation.

Question 65

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.annual yield without being exploited
b.maximize yield over several years
c.reproductively isolated
Sustainable yield

Question 66

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.hatchery reared juveniles
b.carp and mullet ponds in Israel
c.Atlantic salmon pens
Polyculture

Question 67

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.allows dolphins to escape
b.dragged on seafloor
c.surface net that encircles schools of fish
d.hatcheries
Purse seine

Question 68

Match the fish with the word denoting whether conscientious consumers should purchase it.
a.mahi-mahi
b.salmon-natural caught
c.farmed Atlantic salmon
Caution

Question 69

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.protects turtles
b.deaths of marine mammals and seabirds
c.drags on the bottom, damaging benthic habitat
d.destroys mangrove habitat
Drift nets

Question 70

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.decomposition with cold water
b.plant origin
c.microorganism origin
Coal

Question 71

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.allows dolphins to escape
b.dragged on seafloor
c.surface net that encircles schools of fish
d.hatcheries
Trawl

Question 72

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.no longer fulfills role in ecosystem
b.reduces species abundance
c.removal of large fish over time will affect this
Genetics

Question 73

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.allows dolphins to escape
b.dragged on seafloor
c.surface net that encircles schools of fish
d.hatcheries
Ocean ranching

Question 74

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.protects turtles
b.deaths of marine mammals and seabirds
c.drags on the bottom, damaging benthic habitat
d.destroys mangrove habitat
Trawling

Question 75

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.protects turtles
b.deaths of marine mammals and seabirds
c.drags on the bottom, damaging benthic habitat
d.destroys mangrove habitat
Shrimp/prawn farms

Question 76

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.hatchery reared juveniles
b.carp and mullet ponds in Israel
c.Atlantic salmon pens
Monoculture

Question 77

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.hatchery reared juveniles
b.carp and mullet ponds in Israel
c.Atlantic salmon pens
Ocean ranching

Question 78

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.allows dolphins to escape
b.dragged on seafloor
c.surface net that encircles schools of fish
d.hatcheries
Backing down

Question 79

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.no longer fulfills role in ecosystem
b.reduces species abundance
c.removal of large fish over time will affect this
Ecologically extinct

Question 80

Match the words with the most closely associated term.
a.no longer fulfills role in ecosystem
b.reduces species abundance
c.removal of large fish over time will affect this
Habitat destruction