Deck 8: Anti-Infective Agents

Question 1

All except which of the following pertain to aminoglycosides?

A)They are used in serious gram-negative infections.
B)They are ototoxic and nephrotoxic.
C)They have a narrow therapeutic index.
D)They should be administered only intravenously.

Answer 1

They should be administered only intravenously.

Question 2

You are seeing a patient in his home to check his oxygen equipment.When you arrive,the patient appears anxious and states that he has a headache.As you review his medication list,the patient informs you that he started taking erythromycin 3 days ago for a respiratory infection.You are concerned that he may be experiencing a drug interaction from the erythromycin and which of the following drugs?

A)Albuterol
B)Oxygen
C)Tylenol
D)Theophylline

Answer 2

Theophylline

Question 3

Susceptibility testing is performed for which of the following reasons?

A)To identify a suspected organism
B)To identify which antimicrobial agent will fight the organism
C)To determine the type of cell wall of the organism
D)To differentiate bacteria from viruses

Answer 3

To identify which antimicrobial agent will fight the organism

Question 4

Enterococci that are resistant to vancomycin should be treated with which of following?

A)Tobramycin
B)Erythromycin
C)Targocid
D)Zithromax

Question 5

Common pathogens that cause respiratory infections include all the following except:

A)Group A Streptococcus.
B)Streptococcus epidermidis.
C)Haemophilus influenza.
D)Gram-negative rods.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most likely cause for the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis?

A)The long duration of treatment needed leads to noncompliance with drug treatment.
B)Strong enough drugs to treat TB are not available.
C)Bactericidal drugs are not effective against TB.
D)Bacteriostatic drugs against TB are not available.

Question 7

Anti-infective agents that require frequent monitoring after being administered are:

A)Aminoglycosides.
B)Beta-lactams.
C)Tetracyclines.
D)Quinolones.

Question 8

Fever can be present in which of the following conditions?

A)A bacterial infection
B)A viral infection
C)The inflammatory process
D)All of the above

Question 9

A patient you are caring for in the ICU has been diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus.She was given a course of methicillin but has not shown any clinical or microbiological improvement.The most appropriate drug to treat her condition is:

A)Tobramycin.
B)Vancomycin.
C)Erythromycin.
D)Zithromax.

Question 10

An organism is considered resistant in all of the following situations except:

A)When the minimal inhibitory concentration cannot be achieved in the patient.
B)When using penicillin to treat bacteria that produce beta-lactamase.
C)When Staphylococcus aureus does not respond to methicillin.
D)When the MBC reveals no significant bacterial growth upon culture of the sample from the MIC tube.

Question 11

Quinolones that are used in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections include all except which of the following?

A)Cipro
B)Levaquin
C)NegGram
D)Tequin

Question 12

Of the following,which should be used cautiously in children because they can inhibit cartilage formation?

A)Aminoglycosides
B)Penicillins
C)Quinolones
D)Tetracyclines

Question 13

A patient is admitted with respiratory infection associated with cystic fibrosis.He is to receive an aerosolized antimicrobial.Which of the following medications would you recommend?

A)Ampicillin
B)Streptomycin
C)Ribavirin
D)Tobramycin

Question 14

Daptomycin can be administered to treat all of the following microorganisms except:

A)MRSA bloodstream infections.
B)Pneumonias.
C)Vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
D)Gram-positive organisms.

Question 15

Antibiotic agents are used to treat which of the following organisms?

A)Fungi
B)Viruses
C)Bacteria
D)Parasites

Question 16

Gram staining allows differentiation between bacterial cell types by:

A)Identifying differences in cell walls.
B)Measuring the zone of inhibition.
C)Allowing the bacteria to incubate for a designated time.
D)Determining the MBC.

Question 17

Resistance to anti-infectives can develop from all of the following except:

A)When patients do not finish an anti-infective treatment.
B)When using narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
C)When using broad-spectrum antibiotics.
D)When organisms develop enzymes that bind to a drug and prevent it from attaching to the bacteria.

Question 18

Side effects of quinolones include which of the following? I.Phototoxicity
II)An unpleasant taste
III)Ringing in the ears

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I,II,and III

Question 19

A patient is seen in a hospital clinic for chronic cough and fever.The physician suspects community-acquired pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae.The patient is prescribed an antibiotic and sent home.Which of the following antibacterial agents would be most appropriate for this patient?

A)Rifampin
B)Cephalexin
C)Penicillin
D)Septra

Question 20

Which of the following organisms are classified by whether they contain RNA or DNA?

A)Bacteria
B)Fungi
C)Viruses
D)Bacilli

Question 21

______ 2.The presence of a fever identifies a bacterial infectious process.

Question 22

______ 1.The term "antibiotic" no longer implies that a chemotherapeutic agent is derived from a living organism.

Question 23

Oseltamivir should be started within how much time after exposure in order to prevent influenza?

A)1 day
B)30 hours
C)2 days
D)1 week

Question 24

______ 10.Vancomycin is indicated for the treatment of chronic infections caused by gram-positive microorganisms.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement.

Question 25

______ 9.Prolonged use of Levaquin may result in the development of a superinfection.

Question 26

______ 8.Azactam is used to treat infections caused by gram-positive microorganisms.

Question 27

You are called to the pediatric floor to provide treatment to a child diagnosed with bronchiolitis caused by RSV.The physician informs you that he would like to start the patient on ribavirin.Which of the following devices is required to deliver the medication to the patient?

A)Respirgard II
B)SPAG
C)USN
D)BAN

Question 28

______ 5.Gram-negative infections are generally harder to treat than gram-positive infections.

Question 29

An antifungal used to treat candida albicans is:

A)Azole.
B)Diflucan.
C)Monistat.
D)Nystatin.

Question 30

Fungal infections develop as a result of all of the following except the:

A)Patient having a depressed immune system.
B)Prolonged use of antibiotics.
C)Patient using inhaled corticosteroids.
D)Immunization against viral infections.

Question 31

______ 4.Aerobic infections tend to be more serious than anaerobic infections.

Question 32

______ 6.Antibiotics used at high concentrations are bactericidal and result in death of the microorganism.

Question 33

______ 3.A systemic infection is easier to treat than a localized infection.

Question 34

Which of the following viruses remain dormant and then begin to reproduce and cause illness under certain conditions? I.Herpes
II)HIV
III)Epstein-Barr

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I,II,and III

Question 35

______ 7.A patient who is prescribed cephalexin will not have to take the medication as often as he or she would have to take amoxicillin.

Question 36

Antifungals work by preventing the organisms from producing which of the following?

A)Cholesterol
B)Chlorophyll
C)Ergosterol
D)Spores

Question 37

RNA viruses cause which of the following diseases?

A)Herpes simplex
B)Mononucleosis
C)Papilloma warts
D)Polio

Question 38

When using the inhalation route to administer anti-infective agents,a respiratory therapist should first administer which of the following?

A)Inhaled corticosteroids
B)Bronchodilators
C)Topical anesthetics
D)Oxygen TRUE/FALSE
Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

Question 39

A patient requires preventive treatment against influenza A and B.She prefers the inhalation route for the drug.Which of the following would you recommend?

A)Zanamivir
B)Amantadine
C)Acyclovir
D)Virazole

Question 40

A drug used to treat postherpetic neuralgia is:

A)Zanamivir
B)Amantadine
C)Acyclovir
D)Virazole

Question 41

The first indication of infection in elderly patients may be a change in ________________.

Question 42

A shift to the left on the complete blood count differential confirms the presence of ________________ and ________________.

Question 43

How do microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective agents?

Question 44

Can respiratory infections occur as a result of a systemic infectious process?

Question 45

________________ are the beta-lactam antibiotics that are active against many organisms resistant to pencillins.

Question 46

________________,________________,and ________________ are methods used to determine the susceptibility of a microorganism to antibiotic therapy.

Question 47

In all bacteria,the _______________ functions to maintain the integrity of the cell.

Question 48

What are the signs and symptoms of infection in the respiratory system?

Question 49

How is anti-infective therapy monitored?

Question 50

________________ and ________________ are classified as protein-synthesis inhibitors.

Question 51

Agents that are used to treat infectious microorganisms are referred to as ________________ agents.

Question 52

Gram-positive bacteria stain _______________ and gram-negative bacteria stain _______________.

Question 53

A laboratory test that involves the use of colored dyes to identify microorganisms is called a ________________.

Question 54

How are bacteria in a sputum sample identified in the laboratory?

Question 55

Penicillins are classified as ________________.

Question 56

Although approved by the FDA for faster susceptibility testing,_______________ are unable to detect certain types of bacterial resistance patterns.

Question 57

________________ therapy is started if an antibiotic is administered based on the most likely causative agent.

Question 58

Microorganisms that cause disease are referred to as ________________.

Question 59

The widespread measure of antibacterial agents has led to the development of ________________.

Question 60

Antibacterial agents that inhibit the replication of microorganisms and prevent their growth without destroying them are ________________.