Deck 10: Blood Pressure and Antithrombotic Agents

Question 1

A patient that has a blood pressure of 138/85 mmHg and is asymptomatic should receive which of the following initial treatments?

A)ACE inhibitors
B)Diuretic therapy
C)Beta blockers
D)Lifestyle modification

Answer 1

Lifestyle modification

Question 2

A hypertensive agent that blocks alpha₁ receptors in both arterioles and veins is:

A)Catapres.
B)Cardura.
C)Inderal.
D)Tenormin.

Answer 2

Cardura.

Question 3

Direct-acting alpha₂ agonists used to treat hypertension cause which of the following to occur?

A)Norepinephrine release
B)Increased sympathetic activity
C)Blocking of the release of norepinephrine
D)Blocking of the release of acetylcholine

Answer 3

Blocking of the release of norepinephrine

Question 4

All except which of the following can be given in an acute hypertensive emergency?

A)Catapres
B)Diazoxide
C)Diovan
D)Nitropress

Question 5

Which of the following is a side effect associated with giving ACE inhibitors to patients with decreased renal function?

A)Peripheral edema
B)Hyperkalemia
C)Dizziness
D)Reflex tachycardia

Question 6

Of the following,the class of diuretics that is beneficial in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema is:

A)Thiazides
B)Loop diuretics
C)Potassium-sparing agents
D)Calcium-channel blockers

Question 7

Which of the following are vessels that have little musculature and are considered capacitance vessels?

A)Systemic veins
B)Arteries
C)Arterioles
D)Capillaries

Question 8

Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be selected for a patient with hypokalemia?

A)Bumex
B)Lasix
C)Diuril
D)Aldactone

Question 9

Which of the following is a low-molecular-weight heparin?

A)Fondaparinux
B)Lovenox
C)Refludan
D)Warfarin

Question 10

Which of the following drugs used to treat hypertension is also used to treat nicotine withdrawal?

A)Clonidine
B)Doxazosin
C)Metoprolol
D)Prazosin

Question 11

Which of the following conditions causes a decrease in blood pressure?

A)Increased cardiac output
B)Normal heart rate
C)Increased stroke volume
D)Decreased total peripheral resistance

Question 12

Patients that would benefit from prophylactic administration of anticoagulants include all of the following except:

A)Patients who have just received a mitral valve replacement.
B)Patients with a history of thrombosis.
C)Patients with a ventricular fibrillation.
D)Patients with a coronary artery disease.

Question 13

A vessel that requires minimal work to dilate to receive an increased volume of blood,resulting in systolic pressure,is said to have increased:

A)Preload.
B)Compliance.
C)Perfusion.
D)Resistance.

Question 14

In some patients,hypertension may occur because of which of the following? I.Excess sodium
II)Potassium retention
III)Defective baroreceptors

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III

Question 15

Which of the following agents actually dissolves the fibrin of a clot?

A)Heparin
B)Plavix
C)Aspirin
D)Activase

Question 16

Untreated hypertension can lead to target organ disease that includes all the following except:

A)Left ventricular hypertrophy.
B)Peripheral vascular disease.
C)Prostatic hypertrophy.
D)Retinopathy.

Question 17

Which of the following vessels contain more vascular smooth muscle and are considered the main resistance vessels?

A)Veins
B)Venules
C)Arterioles
D)Capillaries

Question 18

Cardiotonic agents cause all of the following effects to occur except:

A)Vasoconstriction.
B)Increased cardiac contraction.
C)Increased heart rate.
D)Increased blood pressure.

Question 19

Which of the following classes of diuretics should be considered for a patient who has low levels of calcium?

A)Thiazides
B)Loop diuretics
C)Potassium-sparing agents
D)Calcium-channel blockers

Question 20

Beta blockers should be used cautiously in patients with which of the following conditions?

A)Left-ventricular hypertrophy
B)Coronary artery disease
C)Heart failure
D)Insulin-dependent diabetes

Question 21

Antihypertensive agents that affect alpha and beta receptors are referred to as ________________.

Question 22

Which anticoagulant agent must be given via the parenteral route?

A)Warfarin
B)Heparin
C)Coumadin
D)Aspirin

Question 23

______ 8.A side effect of using minoxidil in the treatment of hypertension is hypertrichosis.

Question 24

______ 10.Thromboplastin formation requires the presence of vitamin K.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement.

Question 25

______ 2.An increase in either total peripheral resistance or cardiac output causes an increase in blood pressure.

Question 26

The primary autonomic mechanism for blood pressure homeostasis is the ________________.

Question 27

______ 4.Orthostatic hypotension may occur when blood pressure rises abruptly as the patient moves from a sitting to a standing position.

Question 28

Veins that have a large capacity to hold blood are considered ________________ vessels.

Question 29

Heparin can be administered by all of the following routes except:

A)IV infusion.
B)IV bolus.
C)Orally.
D)Subcutaneously.

Question 30

______ 3.Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in decreased venous tone,decreased heart rate,and contractility of the heart.

Question 31

______ 1.The constriction of arterioles causes an increase in afterload and systemic vascular resistance.

Question 32

______ 9.Labetelol is an alpha blocker that is used for the maintenance of hypertension.

Question 33

______ 5.Stimulation of alpha₂ receptors found mainly within blood vessels causes vasoconstriction.

Question 34

______ 7.Loop diuretics have a shorter duration of action than thiazide diuretics.

Question 35

To make dosage adjustments for heparin,which of the following should be monitored?

A)PTT lab tests
B)Urine output
C)Vitamin K levels
D)INR

Question 36

Patients receiving warfarin should be monitored for which of the following possible side effects? I.Blood in the urine or stool
II)Nosebleeds
III)Petechiae

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III

Question 37

Arterioles are the main ________________ vessels;they regulate the force against which the heart must pump.

Question 38

Which of the following thrombolytics is classified as a non-fibrin-specific agent?

A)Alteplase
B)Reteplase
C)Streptokinase
D)Tenecteplase TRUE/FALSE
Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

Question 39

Hypertension in the majority of patients that occurs for unknown causes is referred to as ________________.

Question 40

______ 6.All diuretics increase salt and water excretion,but their effect on other ions depends on the diuretic.

Question 41

_______________ is an anticoagulant that is administered orally.

Question 42

When injury or trauma occurs to a blood vessel,the clotting mechanism begins with the formation of ________________.

Question 43

Drugs such as lepirudin are anticoagulants that are referred to as ______________ inhibitors.

Question 44

What is the purpose of using heparin in IV lines or central venous and arterial catheters,and what might occur without heparinized solutions at these sites?

Question 45

The biggest complication from the administration of fibrinolytics is

Question 46

Agents that dissolve and liquefy the fibrin of an existing clot are referred to as ________________.

Question 47

Explain why beta₁-selective blockers are preferred over nonselective beta blockers to treat hypertension in COPD patients.

Question 48

When is hypertension considered an emergency,and how should it be treated?

Question 49

Aspirin,when used to disrupt the clotting mechanism,is classified as ________________ drug.

Question 50

What is meant by loop diuretics?

Question 51

Diuretics work by not allowing ________________ to be reabsorbed back into the peritubular capillary system.

Question 52

Explain the difference between anticoagulants,antiplatelets,and thrombolytics.

Question 53

Patients in _______________ blood pressure should be considered for two-drug combination therapy.

Question 54

________________ agents used to treat hypertension are also effective for benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Question 55

Vasopressor and cardiotonic agents are used to treat _______________.