Deck 5: Theories of Growth and Development

Question 1

The conscience is often referred to as the:

A) Ego
B) Superego
C) Id
D) Libido

Answer 1

Superego

Question 2

According to Freud,experiences that are reality-based,logical,and in one's immediate awareness are in the:

A) Conscious
B) Unconscious
C) Subconscious
D) Preconscious

Answer 2

Conscious

Question 3

When a young girl reached high school,she chose track as an extracurricular activity just like her older sister had done a few years earlier.The young girl is probably using:

A) Compensation
B) Rationalization
C) Reaction formation
D) Identification

Answer 3

Identification

Question 4

Defense mechanisms serve which of the following purposes?

A) They are reflex mechanisms.
B) They help cope with anxiety.
C) They are a cause and effect response.
D) They are manipulative responses.

Question 5

Freud's psyche receives its energy from the:

A) Conscience
B) Libido
C) Ego
D) Superego

Question 6

After a traumatic car accident,the driver cannot remember any of the details.A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as:

A) Rationalization
B) Compensation
C) Repression
D) Reaction formation

Question 7

Maturation occurs:

A) Without training
B) With practice
C) Quickly
D) With experience

Question 8

Jeremy regularly goes to the mental health clinic.He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior.This can result from:

A) Unrestrained id dominance
B) An overdeveloped superego
C) Conflict with the ego
D) Unresolved Electra complex

Question 9

Cephalocaudal development progresses from:

A) The center outward
B) Head toward the toe
C) Outward to within
D) Inside to outside

Question 10

The egocentric child:

A) Is focused on himself or herself
B) Feels separate and alone
C) Has a need to be loved by others
D) Is threatened by others

Question 11

When a young man attempts to go to see a new movie that just opened,he is turned away as the tickets are all sold out.He responds,saying,"It doesn't really matter.The movie was probably overrated by the reviewers." The young man is probably:

A) Repressing
B) Regressing
C) Rationalizing
D) Compensating

Question 12

According to Piaget,a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take on many forms in the:

A) Sensorimotor stage
B) Preoperational stage
C) Concrete stage
D) Formal stage

Question 13

An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as:

A) Identification
B) Compensation
C) Sublimation
D) Projection

Question 14

Nancy,age 3,is being seen in the managed care clinic.As part of the yearly health screen,the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development.Development is assessed based on:

A) How many inches she has grown
B) How much she weighs
C) What skills she has acquired
D) Her head circumference

Question 15

According to Erikson,the foundation for a healthy personality is:

A) Trust
B) Autonomy
C) Intimacy
D) Ego integrity

Question 16

Mr.and Mrs.Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates.According to Freud,Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development?

A) Anal stage
B) Phallic stage
C) Latency
D) Genital

Question 17

Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of:

A) Trust
B) Autonomy
C) Initiative
D) Industry

Question 18

According to Freud,the driving force behind all human behavior is the:

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Preconscious mind

Question 19

The characteristic pattern of growth and development is that growth and development:

A) Progress from complex to simple
B) Occur at the same rate for each person
C) Can be slow and steady with rapid periods
D) Only affect physical changes

Question 20

Personality is best defined:

A) As the part of the mind that avoids conflict
B) As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual
C) As the focus that enhances the quality of one's life
D) As the quality and intensity of one's feelings

Question 21

When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist,he is using which coping skill?

A) Repression
B) Regression
C) Compensation
D) Denial

Question 22

Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic.Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are:

A) Independent of each other
B) An interdependent process
C) Events that take place at the same time
D) The same for all children

Question 23

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development,a child's moral reasoning begins because of a need to:

A) Avoid punishment
B) Gain love and support from others
C) Seek self-satisfaction
D) Reduce feelings of ambivalence

Question 24

Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others and develop any meaningful relationship.Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow's needs?

A) Physiological
B) Safety
C) Belonging
D) Self-esteem

Question 25

A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother's breast.This is an example of:

A) Schemata
B) Reflexes
C) Conditioning
D) Assimilation

Question 26

An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment.She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting people.What level of Maslow's hierarchy is she struggling with?

A) Physiological
B) Safety and security
C) Love and belonging
D) Self-actualization

Question 27

A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea.He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs?

A) Self-actualization
B) Physiological
C) Safety
D) Belonging

Question 28

Two major influences on one's growth and development patterns are:

A) Heredity and environment
B) Age and religion
C) Race and ethnicity
D) Mental and intellectual skills

Question 29

A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by starting to wet his bed at night and sucking his thumb.These coping mechanisms are called:

A) Repression
B) Suppression
C) Denial
D) Regression

Question 30

According to Maslow,self-actualization is achieved when the person is:

A) Uncomfortable in the presence of strangers
B) Able to recognize the need to excel in whatever he or she does
C) Self-fulfilled and strives to reach his or her potential
D) Firm and unbending in his or her ideas

Question 31

Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg's theory of moral development.One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with:

A) Morality and justice
B) Relationships and intimacy
C) Regulation and punishment
D) Abstract reasoning

Question 32

Two parents are describing the process of maturation of their children.Which statement about maturation is correct?

A) Skills are acquired through practice.
B) It is the unfolding of moral and intellectual capacity.
C) It is the acquisition of knowledge potential.
D) It is the unfolding of the child's potential regardless of practice and training.

Question 33

The nurse recognizes that according to Freud's theory,the 5-year-old boy who says,"When I'm bigger,I want to marry you,Mommy" is demonstrating:

A) Sublimation
B) Wishful thinking
C) Displacement
D) The Oedipal complex