Question 1

What is the treatment of choice for the patient with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea?&#10;A)CPAP&#10;B)Oral appliances&#10;C)Surgery&#10;D)Medications

Accepted Answer

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) is the treatment of choice for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. It involves the use of a machine that delivers a constant flow of air through a mask worn over the nose and/or mouth during sleep. This helps to keep the airway open and prevent pauses in breathing. CPAP has been shown to be highly effective in improving symptoms and reducing the risk of serious complications associated with sleep apnea.

Question 2

After falling asleep,how much time usually passes before the healthy sleeper experiences a REM episode?&#10;A)20 minutes&#10;B)40 minutes&#10;C)90 minutes&#10;D)120 minutes

Accepted Answer

On average, it takes about 90 minutes for a healthy sleeper to experience a REM (rapid eye movement) episode after falling asleep. This cycle then repeats every 90 minutes throughout the night, with REM episodes becoming longer and more frequent as the night progresses.

Question 3

What is the reported compliance rate with sleep apnea patients using CPAP?&#10;A)About 50%&#10;B)About 75%&#10;C)About 95%&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

All the following are monitored during a sleep study except:&#10;A)EEG&#10;B)ECG&#10;C)Venous oxygen saturations&#10;D)Pulse oximetry

Accepted Answer

Typically, arterial oxygen saturations are monitored during a sleep study, not venous oxygen saturations. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it is not a standard measurement during a sleep study.

Question 5

Which of the following problems is NOT associated with obstructive sleep apnea?&#10;A)Poor memory&#10;B)Impotence&#10;C)Morning headaches&#10;D)Joint pain

Accepted Answer

While obstructive sleep apnea can cause a range of symptoms and health issues, joint pain is not typically associated with this condition. Poor memory, impotence, and morning headaches are common problems that can stem from untreated sleep apnea.

Question 6

Which of the following problems suggests that a sleep study should be done on a patient despite a lack of the obvious signs of sleep apnea?&#10;A)Poorly controlled hypertension&#10;B)Secondary polycythemia&#10;C)Pulmonary hypertension&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above problems have been linked to sleep apnea or disrupted sleep patterns, and can be potential indicators for a sleep study even in the absence of obvious signs of sleep apnea. Poorly controlled hypertension and pulmonary hypertension can both be caused or aggravated by sleep apnea, while secondary polycythemia is associated with chronic hypoxia, which can result from sleep apnea.

Question 7

What is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea?&#10;A)Small lower jaw&#10;B)Large tonsils&#10;C)Large tongue&#10;D)Obesity

Accepted Answer

Obesity is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea as the excess fat accumulation in the neck area narrows the airway and causes breathing difficulties during sleep. Options A, B, and C can also contribute to sleep apnea but are not as common as obesity.

Question 8

What disorder is suggested when the patient has a multiple sleep latency test and demonstrates REM sleep during at least two of the five naps?&#10;A)Hypothyroidism&#10;B)Narcolepsy&#10;C)Encephalitis&#10;D)Overdose with sedatives

Accepted Answer

REM sleep during naps is a characteristic finding in narcolepsy. Hypothyroidism may cause excessive daytime sleepiness, but it would not produce this specific finding on the multiple sleep latency test. Encephalitis and sedative overdose may cause altered sleep patterns, but they are not the most likely explanations given the specific finding on the test.

Question 9

What medical condition(s)is/are associated with causing central sleep apnea?&#10;A)Congestive heart failure&#10;B)Extreme obesity&#10;C)Neurologic injuries&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

Central sleep apnea can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, including congestive heart failure, extreme obesity, and neurologic injuries. Therefore, all of the above options are associated with causing central sleep apnea.

Question 10

The Epworth sleepiness scale is used to measure the degree of daytime sleepiness.What score suggests excessive daytime sleepiness?&#10;A)11&#10;B)15&#10;C)20&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

A score of 11 or higher on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale suggests excessive daytime sleepiness, so all the options (11, 15, and 20) indicate excessive sleepiness.

Question 11

Your patient has an apnea/hypopnea index of 36.How severe is the problem in this case?&#10;A)Mild&#10;B)Moderate&#10;C)Severe&#10;D)Very severe

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has an apnea/hypopnea index of...

Question 12

Your patient has obstructive sleep apnea due to obesity.What initial recommendations would you make to the patient?&#10;A)Weight loss&#10;B)Changing sleep position&#10;C)Avoid sleeping pills&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has obstructive sleep apnea due...

Question 13

Contraindications for using CPAP to treat obstructive sleep apnea include all the following except:&#10;A)Uncontrolled emesis&#10;B)Hypotension with hypovolemia&#10;C)Pneumothorax&#10;D)Left heart failure

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contraindications for using CPAP to treat obstructive...

Question 14

Why do people with central sleep apnea stop breathing periodically during sleep? A)Their chronic CO₂ retention blunts their drive to breathe during sleep B)Their pons and medulla are atrophied compared to normal C)They often have hypothyroidism D)The cause is unknown

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do people with central sleep apnea...

Question 15

In some cases of obstructive sleep apnea an automatic in-home CPAP titrating device may be useful.What does this machine do that others cannot?&#10;A)Measures the amount of sleep the patient is getting&#10;B)Adjusts the CPAP level as needed by the patient during the night&#10;C)Adjusts the inspiratory time as needed&#10;D)Sends signals to the sleep lab when apnea worsens

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some cases of obstructive sleep apnea...

Question 16

During the sleep study your patient moves air during sleep but the amount is below what is needed to maintain homeostasis.What term is applied to this type of breathing problem during sleep?&#10;A)Apnea&#10;B)Eupnea&#10;C)Hypopnea&#10;D)Platypnea

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the sleep study your patient moves...

Question 17

How would you describe the normal changes in breathing and breathing patterns during the deeper stages of NREM sleep?&#10;A)Increased and regular&#10;B)Decreased and regular&#10;C)Increased and irregular&#10;D)Decreased and irregular

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would you describe the normal changes...

Question 18

What percentage of adult males ages 30-60 years are believed to have obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome?&#10;A)0.5%&#10;B)4%&#10;C)8%&#10;D)12%

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of adult males ages 30-60...

Question 19

What term is also used to describe stage III and IV NREM sleep?&#10;A)Slow-wave sleep&#10;B)K-wave sleep&#10;C)Low-voltage sleep&#10;D)Beta sleep

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term is also used to describe...

Question 20

Why do patients with obstructive sleep apnea complain of excessive daytime sleepiness? A)CO₂ build up during sleep makes the brain abnormal B)Sleep is normal,but patient perception is not C)Sleep is very fragmented D)Nobody knows

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do patients with obstructive sleep apnea...

Question 21

Which of the following has been used to treat central sleep apnea due to Cheyne-Stokes breathing?&#10;A)CPAP&#10;B)Nocturnal oxygen therapy&#10;C)Bilevel noninvasive positive pressure&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has been used...

Question 22

What is the goal of surgery in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?&#10;A)Bypass the obstruction&#10;B)Widen the airway&#10;C)Increase the upper airway muscle tone&#10;D)A and B only

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the goal of surgery in...

Deck 18: Sleep Disordered Breathing