Question 1

Viral protein coats are called .&#10;A)capsomeres&#10;B)envelopes&#10;C)capsids&#10;D)cloaks

Accepted Answer

Viral protein coats are called capsids. Capsids are made up of smaller repeating units called capsomeres. Envelopes are not always present in all viruses and are derived from the host cell's membrane. Cloaks are not a commonly used term in virology.

Question 2

Bacteriophage infect .&#10;A)other viruses&#10;B)only bacteria&#10;C)animals&#10;D)all cell types

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophages specifically infect and replicate within bacterial cells.

Question 3

Viruses hijack host cell replication machinery to produce more viral particles.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Viruses rely on host cells to carry out replication and produce more viral particles. They hijack the cell's machinery, including enzymes, ribosomes, and other cellular components, to facilitate viral reproduction. This process ultimately leads to the cell's death and the release of new viral particles to infect other cells.

Question 4

Plaques are the result of .&#10;A)bacteria infecting viruses&#10;B)viruses infecting bacteria&#10;C)viruses lysing bacteria&#10;D)lysogens

Accepted Answer

Plaques are clear zones or patches on a bacterial lawn where the bacterial cells have been lysed (killed) by viruses called bacteriophages. As the virus replicates, it releases new virus particles, which infect nearby bacterial cells and continue the lytic cycle, resulting in the formation of more clear zones or plaques.

Question 5

The largest virus is .&#10;A)herpesvirus&#10;B)poxvirus&#10;C)mimivirus&#10;D)HIV

Accepted Answer

Mimivirus is the largest known virus with a diameter of approximately 750 nanometers, making it larger than some bacteria. Herpesvirus and poxvirus are both relatively large viruses, but not as large as mimivirus. HIV is a smaller virus and not even close to being the largest.

Question 6

The next step of viral propagation following attachment and entry is .&#10;A)genome replication&#10;B)assembly&#10;C)viral protein manufacture&#10;D)release of new virions

Accepted Answer

After the virus enters the host cell, its genetic material (genome) must be replicated in order to create more viral particles. This is the next step in the viral propagation process. Choices B, C, and D are all steps that occur after the replication of the genome.

Question 7

All viruses are .&#10;A)parasitic&#10;B)saprophytic&#10;C)enveloped&#10;D)bacteriophages

Accepted Answer

All viruses are considered parasitic because they require a host cell to replicate and carry out their metabolic processes. They cannot survive or reproduce on their own and rely on hijacking the metabolic machinery of their host cell. Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms with saprophytic lifestyles feed on decaying organic matter and do not infect host cells. Enveloped viruses have a lipid bilayer that surrounds their capsid, while bacteriophages specifically infect bacteria and not eukaryotic cells.

Question 8

Enveloped viruses only infect .&#10;A)plants&#10;B)bacteria&#10;C)animals&#10;D)yeast

Accepted Answer

Enveloped viruses, as the name suggests, have an envelope or a membrane around their nucleocapsid, which helps them infect animal cells. They do not typically infect plants, bacteria, or yeast.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a viral genome arrangement?&#10;A)double-stranded DNA&#10;B)single-stranded DNA&#10;C)positive single-stranded RNA&#10;D)negative double-stranded RNA

Accepted Answer

Viruses can have various types of genomes, including double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, and positive single-stranded RNA. However, "negative double-stranded RNA" is not a recognized viral genome arrangement. Viruses can have negative single-stranded RNA, but not double-stranded RNA in a negative sense.

Question 10

The early genes of viruses are transcribed by .&#10;A)host RNA polymerase&#10;B)viral RNA polymerase&#10;C)DNA polymerase&#10;D)rolling circle replication

Accepted Answer

Early genes of viruses are transcribed by host RNA polymerase. This is because viruses do not have their own RNA polymerase, and rely on the host machinery to carry out transcription in the initial stages of infection. Later in the viral life cycle, the virus may produce its own polymerase to transcribe its genes. DNA polymerase and rolling circle replication are not directly involved in transcription, but are rather involved in DNA replication.

Question 11

Which enzyme is required for RNA viruses to replicate their genomes?&#10;A)reverse transcriptase&#10;B)RNA replicase&#10;C)DNA polymerase&#10;D)host RNA polymerase

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which enzyme is required for RNA viruses...

Deck 21: Viruses