Deck 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information Super Highway

Question 1

The autonomic nervous system is a subdivision of the ________.

A)Central nervous system
B)Sympathetic nervous system
C)Peripheral nervous system
D)Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The autonomic system is divided into which two systems?

A)Somatic, autonomic
B)Sympathetic, parasympathetic
C)Motor, sensory
D)Input, output

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The part of the nervous system which is located outside the brain and spinal cord is called the ____________ system.

A)Endocrine
B)Central nervous
C)Sensory
D)Peripheral nervous

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A quadriplegic with damage high in the cervical spinal cord may have a paralyzed diaphragm, such that the patient cannot ________ on his own.

A)Breathe
B)Swallow food
C)Close their eyes
D)Speak

Question 5

A cell which is more negatively charged than at rest is ________.

A)Polarized
B)Hyperpolarized
C)Depolarized
D)Refractory

Question 6

Acute treatment for spinal cord injury includes ________.

A)Ice
B)Heat
C)Immobilization
D)Physical therapy

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the three broad categories of causes in peripheral neuropathy?

A)Trauma
B)Paralysis
C)Systemic
D)Infection/autoimmune

Question 8

Neurons are able to generate tiny electrical currents by changing the ____________ of their membranes.

A)Composition
B)Shape
C)Pathway
D)Permeability

Question 9

Medication is often injected into the ____________ space to alleviate pain.

A)Vertebral
B)Epidural
C)Subdural
D)Subarachnoid

Question 10

Which spinal cord tracts carry sensory information?

A)Superficial
B)Ventral
C)Ascending
D)Inferior

Question 11

The nerves going to the upper limbs join the spinal cord at the ____________ region.

A)Cervical
B)Thoracic
C)Lumbar
D)Sacral

Question 12

Which part of the spinal cord carries sensory information?

A)Commissure
B)Ventral root
C)Column
D)Dorsal root

Question 13

Impulses are conducted rapidly if ____________ is present.

A)Calcium
B)Sodium
C)Myelin
D)Spinal fluid

Question 14

Which part of the neuron is responsible for cell metabolism?

A)Body
B)Dendrite
C)Axon
D)Synapse

Question 15

Dendrites ________.

A)Are usually highly branched
B)Carry impulses away from the cell body
C)Are usually surrounded by myelin
D)All of the above

Question 16

Neurons with the ability to monitor the environment are called ____________ neurons.

A)Accessory
B)Motor
C)Sensory
D)Output

Question 17

Myelin is a lipid insulation produced by the ________.

A)Microglia
B)Oligodendrocytes
C)Astrocytes
D)Ependymal cells

Question 18

If a cell is more positively charged than it is when resting, it is said to be ________.

A)Refractory
B)Repolarized
C)Depolarized
D)Polarized

Question 19

The third, innermost layer of the meninges is called the ________.

A)Dura mater
B)Arachnoid mater
C)Pia mater
D)Epidural mater

Question 20

Which of the following is a medical disorder in which the myelin in the CNS has been destroyed ________.

A)Multiple sclerosis
B)Muscular dystrophy
C)Guillain-Barré' syndrome
D)Myasthenia gravis

Question 21

The outermost of the meninges is the ________.

A)Pia mater
B)Choroid plexus
C)Arachnoid mater
D)Dura mater

Question 22

Patients who have an injury to their cervical spinal cord segment and are paralyzed in all four limbs are known as ________.

A)Paraplegics
B)Quadriplegics
C)Suffering from Guillain Barré syndrome
D)None of the above

Question 23

When a cell becomes stimulated (excited) ________.

A)The interior of the neuron becomes more negative
B)Sodium gates in the cell membrane close
C)Sodium gates in the cell membrane spring open
D)The entire neuron remains at rest

Question 24

Patients with injuries to the thoracic spinal cord segment with two paralyzed legs are said to be ________.

A)Paraplegics
B)Quadriplegics
C)Suffering from Guillain Barré syndrome
D)None of the above

Question 25

This type of glia cell produces myelin for cells in the brain ________.

A)Microglia
B)Oligodendrocytes
C)Astrocytes
D)Interneurons

Question 26

Inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord is called ________.

A)Encephalitis
B)Meningitis
C)Blepharitis
D)Polyneuritis

Question 27

An injection of a local anesthetic into the spinal column is called a(n) ________.

A)epiphysis
B)epidural
C)subdural
D)cutaneous

Question 28

This type of glia cell attacks microbes and removes debris.

A)Microglia
B)Oligodendrocyte
C)Astroglia
D)Neurilemma

Question 29

This disease is characterized by ascending paralysis ________.

A)Myasthenia gravis
B)Polio
C)Guillain Barré syndrome
D)Charcot Marie Tooth disorder

Question 30

The ___________ horn contains motor neurons.

Question 31

The ____________ or parasympathetic branch of the nervous system deals with maintenance of homeostasis.

Question 32

Sensory neurons are also called ________.

A)Interneurons
B)Input neurons
C)Output neurons
D)Glia cells

Question 33

The glial cells which remove debris are called ____________.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is not true of multiple sclerosis?

A)It is considered a myelin disorder.
B)Patients may have disturbances in vision, balance, speech, or movement.
C)Most patients are initially diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS, but at least 50% of them will progress to the chronic progressive form.
D)It affects 2,000-4,000 people in the United States.

Question 35

This inflammatory condition is a result of repetitive motion and leads to numbness in the palm and fingers ________.

A)carpal tunnel syndrome
B)meningitis
C)myasthenia gravis
D)botulism

Question 36

Loss of motor and sensory control of the trunk of the body and lower extremities as a result of a spinal cord injury describes __________.

A)Peripheral neuropathy
B)Quadriplegia
C)Paraplegia
D)A slipped disk

Question 37

Spinal root directional terms are ________:

A)anterior and posterior
B)superior and inferior
C)Dorsal and ventral
D)distal and proximal Short

Question 38

A potentially fatal condition is an infection of the meninges called ________.

A)Polio
B)Meningectomy
C)Meningitis
D)All of the above

Question 39

This disease is characterized by progressive fluctuating muscle weakness starting in the facial or eye muscles ________.

A)Myasthenia gravis
B)Polio
C)Guillain Barré syndrome
D)Charcot Marie Tooth disorder

Question 40

Neurons that carry information between neurons are called ________.

A)Interneurons
B)Efferent neurons
C)Motor neurons
D)Afferent neurons

Question 41

Branches and recombinations of nerves are called ____________.

Question 42

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rapid onset paralysis caused by inflammation of ________ nerves.

Question 43

There are twelve pairs of ________ nerves.

Question 44

____________ inhibit the release of pain neurotransmitters.

Question 45

The spinal ____________, projecting from both sides of the spinal cord in pairs, fuse to form spinal nerves.

Question 46

Tiny sacs at nerve terminals, called ____________, release contents from the cell when calcium flows in.

Question 47

The input side of the nervous system is known as ____________.

Question 48

During ______________ of the action potential, sodium ions are flowing into a cell.

Question 49

Preganglionic neurons release the neurotransmitter ________ (Do not use the abbreviation).

Question 50

A(n) ________ is a group of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.

Question 51

____________ are the simplest form of motor output.

Question 52

Bare spots between adjacent cells are called nodes of ____________.

Question 53

Following a spinal cord injury, the difference between being able to breathe on your own or requiring a(n) ________ is literally a matter of centimeters.

Question 54

The lipid ________ increases action potential conduction speed.

Question 55

Repetitive motion can cause ________ syndrome in the wrists.

Question 56

The period when a cell is unable to accept another stimulus is the ____________ period.

Question 57

The ________________ tract carries pain and temperature information.

Question 58

A very common form of peripheral neuropathy caused by repetitive motion is ________.

Question 59

Bruises to the spinal cord may resolve with time and rehabilitation, but a severed, or crushed spinal cord is usually a(n) ________ injury.

Question 60

The membrane that is like a spider web is called ____________.

Question 61

________ is usually mechanical injury to spinal cord tissue.

Question 62

SSRIs prevent the clean up of a neurotransmitter.

Question 63

________ is caused by an autoimmune attack on the myelin in the central nervous system.

Question 64

The most common systemic disorder that causes peripheral neuropathy is ________.

Question 65

Epidural injections of steroids are sometimes prescribed for patients with chronic lower back injuries to relieve pain, and ________.

Question 66

There are eight cervical nerves.

Question 67

________ is an autoimmune attack of the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 68

The segments of the spinal cord are named for their function.

Question 69

The autonomic system controls voluntary movement.

Question 70

The peripheral nervous system is everything outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 71

The whole series of permeability changes within the cell and the resultant changes in charge across the cell membrane is called the ________.

Question 72

Guillain-Barré' syndrome is incurable.

Question 73

Between adjacent glial cells on axons are tiny bare spots called ________.

Question 74

________ is caused by destruction of ventral horn motor neurons by poliomyelitis virus.

Question 75

________ damage to peripheral nerves may be due to injury or illness.

Question 76

Potassium ions move across neurons during depolarization.

Question 77

Oligodendrocytes make myelin.

Question 78

Guillain Barré syndrome is the autoimmune destruction of the ________ nervous system myelin and often occurs after a viral infection.

Question 79

The ________ is located in a hollow tube running inside the vertebral column from the foramen magnum to the second lumbar (L2) vertebrae.

Question 80

The neurotransmitter group ________ inhibit release of pain neurotransmitters.