Deck 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System

Question 1

Which of the endocrine organs can effectively control the pituitary gland?

A)Pancreas
B)Hypothalamus
C)Thyroid
D)Pineal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Chemical messengers released directly into the bloodstream, with the ability to affect cells for hours or days, are called ________.

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Dendrites
C)Hormones
D)Sensory cells

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following hormones are directly controlled by the nervous system?

A)Oxytocin
B)Cortisol
C)Epinephrine
D)Insulin

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A specific type of hormone, called ____________, has the ability to interact directly with the cell's DNA.

A)Adrenaline
B)Protein
C)Sebum
D)Steroids

Question 5

Prednisone can be used as an anti-inflammatory drug to treat ________.

A)Severe allergies
B)Rheumatoid arthritis
C)Other chronic conditions
D)All of the above

Question 6

A stature disorder in which the body produces either too much or too little growth hormone is a disorder of which endocrine gland?

A)Anterior pituitary
B)Posterior pituitary
C)Adrenal medulla
D)Adrenal cortex

Question 7

What is the name of the condition in which the body is not producing adequate amounts of insulin?

A)Diabetes mellitus
B)Diabetes insipidus
C)Dwarfism
D)Hyperthyroidism

Question 8

The release of norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood stream increases all of these except ________.

A)Respiration
B)Saliva
C)Pulse or heart rate
D)Blood pressure

Question 9

When a patient is experiencing a fever, the ____________ resets the body's temperature set point.

A)Brain
B)Hypothalamus
C)Adrenal gland
D)Pituitary gland

Question 10

Thyroxin and triiodothyronine, hormones necessary for cell metabolism, are produced in the ____________ gland.

A)Pituitary
B)Adrenal
C)Thymus
D)Thyroid

Question 11

Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, is responsible for decreased urination?

A)Prolactin
B)Antidiuretic hormone
C)Adrenocorticotropic hormone
D)Luteinizing hormone

Question 12

The ____________ glands are located above each kidney.

A)Thyroid
B)Adrenal
C)Pineal
D)Ovaries

Question 13

The ____________ is part of the diencephalon and is commonly called the "master gland."

A)Adrenal
B)Pineal
C)Thyroid
D)Pituitary

Question 14

____________ gland is important in regulating the blood glucose.

A)Thymus
B)Pancreas
C)Pineal
D)Thyroid

Question 15

________ steroids are a class of molecules that cause an increase in muscle mass.

A)Anti-inflammatory
B)Anabolic
C)NSAIDs
D)Metabolic

Question 16

Cushings' disease causes weight ________ and Graves' causes weight ________.

A)Gain, loss
B)Loss, loss
C)Loss, gain
D)Gain, gain

Question 17

One way in which the body will cope with increased stress is to increase the secretion of

A)Cortisol
B)Norepinephrine
C)Oxytocin
D)Prolactin

Question 18

The ____________ is divided into a posterior and anterior segment.

A)Thyroid
B)Thymus
C)Pituitary
D)Adrenal

Question 19

A standard level, known as the ____________, is necessary to maintain the body's homeostasis.

A)Set point
B)Target level
C)Norm
D)Quotient

Question 20

The typical onset of type I diabetes is before ________.

A)Puberty
B)Age 40
C)Age 5-6
D)Age 10

Question 21

An overproduction of pituitary hormones is called ________.

A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Addison's disease
C)Hyperpituitarism
D)Hypopituitarism

Question 22

Dwarfism can be caused by a ________.

A)Hypersecretion of ACTH
B)Hyposecretion of ACTH
C)Hypersecretion of growth hormone
D)Hyposecretion of growth hormone

Question 23

Hypersecretion of GH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring in adulthood, is called ________.

A)Acromegaly
B)Gigantism
C)Dwarfism
D)All of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

A)It is located in the neck.
B)It is an endocrine gland.
C)It produces thymosin.
D)It is important in the body's immune system.

Question 25

Insufficient secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland is called ________.

A)Hyperpituitarism
B)Hypoparathyroidism
C)Hyperparathyroidism
D)Hypopituitarism

Question 26

The syndrome caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, which results in excessive circulating cortisol levels, fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance is called ________.

A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Hashimoto thyroiditis
C)Addison's disease
D)None of the above

Question 27

A condition that is characterized by a decrease in pituitary function caused by tumors, surgery, radiation, or head injury is called ________.

A)Hyperpituitarism
B)Cushing's syndrome
C)Hypopituitarism
D)Addison's disease

Question 28

Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?

A)It is produced in the thyroid gland.
B)It causes the contractions of the uterus during labor.
C)It is one of the few hormones that is regulated by a positive feedback loop.
D)It stimulates "milk letdown" in nursing mothers.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the adrenal medulla?

A)It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
B)It helps produce the "fight-or-flight" response.
C)It releases epinephrine.
D)All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Question 30

Which of the following is not true of the pineal gland?

A)It is located in the brain.
B)It produces melatonin.
C)It helps regulate the body's "biological clock."
D)All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

Question 31

Damage to the pituitary gland, which causes hypopituitarism, can result from ________.

A)Radiation
B)Surgical removal
C)Tumors
D)All of the above

Question 32

A condition that is characterized by the production of large amounts of very dilute urine is called?

A)Diabetes insipidus
B)Diabetes mellitus
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Juvenile diabetes

Question 33

Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

A)The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
B)All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
C)Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
D)Endocrine glands produce hormones.

Question 34

Insulin and glucagon are produced by the ________.

A)Pancreas
B)Thymus
C)Adrenal cortex
D)None of the above

Question 35

The master gland of the endocrine system is the ________.

A)Thyroid gland
B)Pituitary gland
C)Adrenal gland
D)None of the above

Question 36

Treatment of diabetes mellitus includes ________.

A)A controlled diet and exercise
B)Insulin administration if needed
C)Blood and urine testing
D)All of the above

Question 37

Hypersecretion of cortisol causes ________.

A)Addison's disease
B)Cushing's syndrome
C)Myxedema
D)None of the above

Question 38

Which of the following hormones are not affected by hypopituitarism?

A)ACTH
B)LH
C)GH
D)Oxytocin

Question 39

A deficiency in the release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) by the posterior pituitary gland causes ________.

A)Hypoglycemia
B)Dwarfism
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)None of the above

Question 40

A woman is in labor but the uterine contractions stop.This could be caused by insufficient ________ (a hormone).

A)Oxytocin
B)ADH
C)Pituitary hormone
D)Melatonin

Question 41

A patient experiences agitation, increased heart rate and blood pressure.She thinks she is going insane.She has a hormone imbalance called _____________________.

Question 42

If a diabetic checks her blood sugar and is ________ she should take some sugar.

Question 43

If a person is dehydrated they will secrete less ________________ hormone from the posterior pituitary.

Question 44

____________ hormone stimulates sperm production.

Question 45

Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands are called ____________.

Question 46

The pancreas secretes insulin and ____________.

Question 47

The liver breaks down glycogen into ____________.

Question 48

An over-production of cortisol causes ________.

A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Addison's disease
C)Graves' disease
D)Hyperpituitarism

Question 49

____________ hormone stimulates tissue growth.

Question 50

Which of the following is an early symptom of hypoglycemia?

A)Nervousness
B)Weakness
C)Difficulty speaking
D)All of the above

Question 51

____________ moves calcium into bones.

Question 52

The ideal value for a body characteristic is called a(n) ____________.

Question 53

____________ feedback increases the magnitude of change.

Question 54

The ____________ gland is located in the upper thorax.

Question 55

Uterine contractions are increased by the hormone ____________.

Question 56

All of the following are symptoms of Cushing's syndrome except ________.

A)Upper body obesity
B)Round face
C)Easy bruising
D)Hypoglycemia

Question 57

Fatigue, feeling cold, dry skin, brittle nails, and leg cramps are all symptoms of which disease?

A)Hyperthyroidism
B)Hypothyroidism
C)Addison's disease
D)Cushing's syndrome

Question 58

In children, failure to attain normal height or abnormally slow growth are symptoms of ________.

A)Gigantism
B)Dwarfism
C)Type II diabetes
D)None of the above Short

Question 59

Symptoms of Addison's disease include all of the following except ________.

A)Low blood pressure
B)High blood pressure
C)Weight loss
D)Excessive skin pigmentation

Question 60

Sweating, muscle tremors, tachycardia, and irritability are symptoms of which disease?

A)Hyperthyroidism
B)Hypothyroidism
C)Addison's disease
D)Cushing's syndrome

Question 61

The ____________ within the brain controls hormone levels, but is not called the master gland.

Question 62

One special class of hormones, ________, is particularly powerful because they can bind to sites inside cells by passing easily through the target cell membrane.

Question 63

The ________ is largely responsible for maintaining blood sugar (glucose) levels at or near a set point.

Question 64

Appropriate blood glucose levels are vital for cellular ________.

Question 65

The ________ gland secretes thyroxine.

Question 66

The ________ gland, located in the anterior portion of your neck, is responsible for secreting the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), under orders from the pituitary gland

Question 67

If stress becomes chronic, the secretion of ________ and cortisol, becomes pathological.

Question 68

Addison's disease is caused by insufficient production of ________ corticosteroids.

Question 69

Cushing's syndrome is caused by over-secretion of ________.

Question 70

________ mellitus is due to a decrease in insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity to insulin.

Question 71

________ triggers our sleep by peaking at night and causing drowsiness.

Question 72

If GH secretion is insufficient during childhood, children do not grow to the standard height.This is a type of ________.

Question 73

Stature disorders result in well-below average height (called ________ ) or well-above normal height (called gigantism).

Question 74

________ tissue uses glucose from blood to form fat.

Question 75

Hypopituitarism causes loss of any or all anterior ________ hormones, including ACTH, GH, LH, and TSH, causing a variety of symptoms.

Question 76

The ___________________ secretes several vital steroid hormones.

Question 77

Glucagon puts glucose into the bloodstream mainly by directing the liver to release ?glucose stored in the form of ________.

Question 78

The adrenal glands are split into two regions: the adrenal cortex, an outer layer, and the ________, the middle of the gland.

Question 79

If any of the body's dozens of homeostatic values become seriously disrupted, the control systems work to bring them back to set point.This process is called ________.

Question 80

The adrenal cortex makes dozens of steroid hormones known collectively as ________.