Deck 12: How to Interpret a 12-Lead Ekg

Question 1

If the QRS in I is negative and the QRS in AVF is positive,the axis is

A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Bundle branch block is characterized by

A)A QRS complex at least 0.12 seconds wide.
B)More P waves than QRS complexes.
C)Cardiac arrest.
D)Sudden onset of symptoms of decreased cardiac output.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Left ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by

A)Atrial fibrillation.
B)Heart attack.
C)Hypertension.
D)Chronic lung disease.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Indeterminate axis is between

A)0 and+90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.
D)-90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.

Question 5

Left axis deviation is between

A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.
D)-90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.

Question 6

Right bundle branch block (RBBB)is characterized by

A)RSR' configuration in V1.
B)Tall,pointy P waves.
C)Symptoms of decreased cardiac output.
D)More P waves than QRS complexes.

Question 7

Normal axis is between

A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and-90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.
D)-90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a step in 12-lead EKG interpretation?

A)Assess the basics-rhythm,rate,and intervals
B)Determine the axis quadrant
C)Check for ventricular hypertrophy
D)Check the patient for symptoms

Question 9

Left bundle branch block (LBBB)

A)Is almost always indicative of heart disease.
B)Is more serious than RBBB.
C)Is characterized by a QS or RS pattern in V1.
D)All of the above.

Question 10

Low voltage EKGs can be caused by ALL BUT which of the following?

A)Obesity
B)Thyroid gland malfunction
C)Emphysema
D)Hypertension

Question 11

Right ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by

A)Atrial fibrillation.
B)Heart attack.
C)Hypertension.
D)Chronic lung disease.

Question 12

If the QRS in I and AVF are both negative,the axis is

A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Question 13

If the QRS in lead I is positive and the QRS in AVF is negative,the axis is

A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Question 14

A disorder in which there is a deficit of calcium in the bloodstream is called

A)Hyperkalemia.
B)Hypokalemia.
C)Hypercalcemia.
D)Hypocalcemia.

Question 15

Right axis deviation is between

A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.
D)-90 and $\pm$ 180 degrees.

Question 16

Ventricular hypertrophy is

A)Excessive growth of ventricular myocardial tissue.
B)Excessive growth of atrial tissue.
C)Characterized by low-voltage QRS complexes.
D)Characterized by tall,pointy P waves.

Question 17

A disorder in which there is too much potassium in the bloodstream is called

A)Hyperkalemia.
B)Hypokalemia.
C)Hypercalcemia.
D)Hypocalcemia.

Question 18

If the QRS in leads I and AVF are both positive,the axis is

A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Question 19

Digitalis effect is characterized by

A)Shortened PR intervals.
B)Widened QRS.
C)Sagging ST segments.
D)Prolonged ST segments.

Question 20

Hypercalcemia is a disorder in which there is too much _____ in the bloodstream.

A)Cholesterol
B)Calcium
C)Calcitonin
D)Potassium

Question 21

An axis of +120 degrees is

A)Normal axis.
B)Left axis deviation.
C)Right axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Question 22

Hyperkalemia is a potassium deficit in the bloodstream.

Question 23

Left ventricular hypertrophy is commonly caused by hypertension.

Question 24

Bundle branch blocks do not cause symptoms.

Question 25

Hypercalcemia is a calcium deficit in the bloodstream.

Question 26

A very widened QRS is seen in

A)Severe hypokalemia.
B)Severe hyperkalemia.
C)Severe hypocalcemia.
D)Severe hypercalcemia.

Question 27

In LVH,the S wave in V1 added to the R wave in V5 or V6 should be

A)Greater than 20 mms
B)Less than 30 mms
C)Greater than 35 mms
D)Less than 35 mms

Question 28

Bundle branch blocks are a sign of imminent cardiac arrest.

Question 29

The normal axis is between 0 and -90 degrees.

Question 30

An axis of -120 degrees is

A)Normal axis.
B)Left axis deviation.
C)Right axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Question 31

RSR' is the characteristic pattern seen in V1 in patients with

A)Complete heart block.
B)Mobitz II second-degree AV block.
C)LBBB.
D)RBBB.

Question 32

A QS pattern in V1 is characteristic of

A)Complete heart block.
B)Mobitz II second-degree AV block.
C)LBBB.
D)RBBB.

Question 33

A hallmark of hypercalcemia on the EKG is

A)Sagging ST segments.
B)Prolonged QT intervals.
C)Shortened ST segments.
D)Prolonged QRS intervals.

Question 34

Tall,pointy T waves are typical of

A)Hyperkalemia.
B)Hypercalcemia.
C)Hypercholesterolemia.
D)Hypokalemia.

Question 35

In a hemiblock,

A)The patient has signs of cardiovascular collapse.
B)The QRS is widened to at least 0.12 seconds.
C)One of the fascicles of the left bundle branch is blocked.
D)The axis is normal.

Question 36

Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly caused by chronic lung disease.

Question 37

Which of the following is a criterion for a diagnosis of BBB?

A)P wave wider than the QRS
B)Heart rate greater than 100
C)More P waves than QRS complexes
D)QRS of 0.12 seconds or greater

Question 38

Axis deviation can be a normal variant.

Question 39

In severe hyperkalemia,the QRS can widen out significantly.

Question 40

Obesity or advanced pregnancy can cause axis deviation.

Question 41

RVH stands for _____.

Question 42

If both lead I and AVF's QRS complexes are positive,the axis is _____.

Question 43

If the heart's current originates in the left ventricle and travels upward to the right,there would be right axis deviation.

Question 44

Left ventricular hypertrophy is determined by adding _____.

Question 45

Critical rate is the rate at which _____.

Question 46

Hypertrophy can stress the heart.

Question 47

If leads I and AVF are both negative,the axis is indeterminate.

Question 48

Left bundle branch block has a QRS interval of at least _____ seconds.

Question 49

_____ is potassium deficit in the bloodstream.

Question 50

Hypocalcemia causes a prolonged ST segment,thus causing a prolonged QT interval.

Question 51

If lead I and AVF both have negative QRS complexes,the axis is _____.

Question 52

Right bundle branch block has a QRS interval of at least _____ seconds.

Question 53

An axis of +120 degrees is _____ deviation.

Question 54

If lead I is positive and AVF is negative,there is left axis deviation.

Question 55

A rate-related BBB is one which _____.