Deck 14: Endocrine System

Question 1

The primary source of energy for living organisms is:

A) fat.
B) glucose.
C) salt.
D) water.
E) vitamin C.

Answer 1

glucose.

Question 2

Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called:

A) reticular cells.
B) target cells.
C) satellite cells.
D) stem cells.
E) sensory cells.

Answer 2

target cells.

Question 3

The CF glyc/o means:

A) milk.
B) protein.
C) granule.
D) glue.
E) sugar,sweetness.

Answer 3

sugar,sweetness.

Question 4

A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called:

A) cretinism.
B) homeostasis.
C) glycogenesis.
D) hirsutism.
E) metabolism.

Question 5

The "master gland" that regulates other glands is called the:

A) thyroid.
B) pineal.
C) pituitary.
D) parathyroid.
E) adrenal.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla during a crisis situation?

A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Aldosterone
D) Cortisol
E) Epinephrine

Question 7

The CF calc/o means:

A) carbon dioxide.
B) calcaneum.
C) carbonate.
D) calcium.
E) calcine.

Question 8

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the:

A) thalamus.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) hypothalamus.
D) hypophysis.
E) adenohypophysis.

Question 9

Which of the following substances is an electrolyte?

A) Epinephrine
B) Cortisol
C) Glucose
D) Potassium
E) Insulin

Question 10

The four parathyroid glands are:

A) located on the anterior upper surface of the thyroid gland.
B) located on the anterior lower surface of the thyroid gland.
C) located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
D) embedded in the middle of the thyroid gland.
E) located on the four edges of the thyroid gland.

Question 11

The CF home/o means:

A) different.
B) unlike.
C) same,alike.
D) humerus.
E) sweat.

Question 12

Insulin is produced by the:

A) thyroid gland.
B) pineal gland.
C) pancreas.
D) kidneys.
E) pituitary gland.

Question 13

Which of the following glands regulates metabolism?

A) Pineal
B) Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
C) Parathyroid
D) Adrenal
E) Thyroid

Question 14

The CF crin/o means:

A) crinology.
B) secrete.
C) absorb.
D) cross.
E) hidden.

Question 15

Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?

A) Prolactin
B) Somatropin
C) Glucocorticoid
D) Estrogen
E) Oxytocin

Question 16

The CF kal/i means:

A) calcium.
B) carbonate.
C) nucleus.
D) potassium (an electrolyte).
E) plasma.

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose?

A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Aldosterone
D) Insulin
E) Androgen

Question 18

The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called:

A) oxytocin.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) somatotropin.
D) prolactin.
E) follicle-stimulating hormone.

Question 19

Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?

A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Sodium
D) Glucagon
E) Thyroxine

Question 20

The combining form (CF)adren/o means:

A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) adenoids.
D) thyroid gland.
E) thymus gland.

Question 21

What term describes an excessive growth of body hair,especially in women?

A) Virilism
B) Hirsutism
C) Diuresis
D) Cretinism
E) Tetany

Question 22

Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of thyroxine?

A) Graves disease
B) Myxedema
C) Cretinism
D) Addison disease
E) Tetany

Question 23

The CF pancreat/o means:

A) parathyroid.
B) pancreas.
C) sugar.
D) insulin.
E) gland.

Question 24

The prefix poly- means:

A) change.
B) many,much.
C) excessive.
D) above normal.
E) gray.

Question 25

The prefix eu- means:

A) good,normal.
B) euphoria.
C) out from.
D) euphonism.
E) feeling.

Question 26

The CF toxic/o means:

A) death.
B) tension.
C) decay.
D) poison.
E) destruction.

Question 27

The prefix micro- means:

A) large.
B) micron.
C) small.
D) expansive.
E) less.

Question 28

In adults,hypersecretion by the thyroid gland causes:

A) cretinism.
B) myxedema.
C) osteoporosis.
D) Graves disease.
E) tetany.

Question 29

The suffix -gen means:

A) genetic.
B) genitalia.
C) forming,producing,origin.
D) ganglion.
E) pregnancy.

Question 30

Exophthalmos is a disorder caused by hypersecretion of T₃ and T₄ from the:

A) pineal gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) pancreas.
D) gonads.
E) parathyroid gland.

Question 31

The CF thyr/o means:

A) thyroid gland.
B) parathyroid gland.
C) thymus gland.
D) adrenal gland.
E) pineal gland.

Question 32

The suffix -emia means:

A) blood condition.
B) thirst.
C) lymph.
D) insulin.
E) urinary condition.

Question 33

Which type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults?

A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
C) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes insipidus
D) Type 1 diabetes
E) Type 2 diabetes

Question 34

Gigantism and dwarfism result from improper growth hormone function in the:

A) pituitary gland.
B) adrenal gland.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pancreatic gland.
E) thymus gland.

Question 35

A characteristic of tetany is:

A) muscle spasms.
B) bone spurs.
C) tumors.
D) increased calcium levels.
E) blurred vision.

Question 36

The prefix exo- means:

A) exocrine.
B) outside,outward.
C) inward.
D) abnormal.
E) excrete.

Question 37

An abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood is called:

A) hypovolemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypocalcemia.
D) hypoglycemia.
E) hyponatremia.

Question 38

Hypersecretion of urine is called:

A) polydipsia.
B) anuria.
C) glycosuria.
D) hyperuricemia.
E) diuresis.

Question 39

Hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex causes:

A) Cushing syndrome.
B) Graves disease.
C) cretinism.
D) myxedema.
E) diabetes.

Question 40

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the:

A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) pancreas.
D) pineal gland.
E) thyroid gland.

Question 41

Which surgical procedure involves incision of the thyroid gland?

A) Thyrostomy
B) Thyrotomy
C) Thyropathy
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyroidectomy

Question 42

A clinical manifestation of Addison disease is:

A) jaundice on the extremities.
B) muscle weakness.
C) blurred vision.
D) anorexia.
E) kidney polyp.

Question 43

A disorder caused by hyperthyroidism is:

A) adenoma.
B) neoplasm.
C) goiter.
D) cretinism.
E) Addison disease.

Question 44

Which disorder is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by enlargement of the facial and jaw bones?

A) Thyrotoxicosis
B) Goiter
C) Graves disease
D) Hyperkalemia
E) Acromegaly

Question 45

Which disease is characterized by polyuria,polydipsia,and polyphagia?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Myelomalacia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Acromegaly
E) Jaundice

Question 46

The procedure to incise and remove a pancreatic stone is called:

A) pancreatolithotomy.
B) pancreatopathy.
C) pancreatomegaly.
D) pancreatoma.
E) pancreatolithiasis.

Question 47

Hypersecretion of adrenal estrogen and progestin in males leads to:

A) masculinization.
B) cretinism.
C) dwarfism.
D) virilism.
E) feminization.

Question 48

Which disorder is an abnormal condition of pancreatic stones?

A) Pancreatitis
B) Pancreatopathy
C) Pancreatomegaly
D) Pancreatoma
E) Pancreatolithiasis

Question 49

Which of the following diseases is treated by an endocrinologist?

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Stroke
C) Diabetes
D) Meningitis
E) Myeloma

Question 50

In which condition are potassium blood levels higher than normal?

A) Hypervolemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Hypothyroidism

Question 51

Acromegaly is caused by hypersecretion of:

A) insulin.
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone.
C) growth hormone.
D) glucocorticoids.
E) prolactin.

Question 52

Excessive development of mammary tissue in males is called:

A) hyperplasia.
B) gynecomastia.
C) galactorrhea.
D) adnexa.
E) hypervolemia.

Question 53

Which procedure involves the excision of one or more parathyroid glands?

A) Parathyroidotomy
B) Thyroidectomy
C) Parathyroidectomy
D) Thyroidolysis
E) Parathyroidolysis

Question 54

Which disorder is an autoimmune disorder associated with exophthalmos that is characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism?

A) Graves disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Addison disease
E) Hypothyroidism

Question 55

Which term refers to excessive glucose in the blood?

A) Hypoglycemia
B) Glucogenesis
C) Glucosuria
D) Hyperglycemia
E) Glycogen

Question 56

Which laboratory test measures blood glucose levels in a blood sample after the patient refrains from eating food for at least 8 hours?

A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose

Question 57

Onset of diabetes that occurs later in life is called:

A) type 1.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) ketosis.
D) type 2.
E) ketoacidosis.

Question 58

Which procedure involves partial or complete excision of the pituitary gland?

A) Adenectomy
B) Adrenalectomy
C) Hypophysectomy
D) Encephalectomy
E) Encephalotomy

Question 59

In which condition are sodium blood levels lower than normal?

A) Hypervolemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Hypothyroidism

Question 60

Which term means enlargement of the thyroid gland?

A) Hypergonadism
B) Euthyroid
C) Thyromegaly
D) Tetany
E) Hypophyseal enlargement

Question 61

Which imaging technique uses radio waves to diagnose abnormalities of the pituitary,pancreatic,adrenal,and thyroid glands?

A) Magnetic resonance imaging
B) Computed tomography
C) X-ray
D) Fluoroscopy
E) Radiography

Question 62

Which imaging procedure obtains images of the thyroid gland after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine to identify thyroid pathologies such as tumors?

A) Thyroid function test
B) Protein-bound iodine test
C) Thyroid scan
D) Radioactive iodine uptake
E) Insulin tolerance test

Question 63

Decreased calcium and phosphorus in the blood may cause tetany.

Question 64

Which classification of drugs is used in preparation for thyroidectomy or in the treatment of thyrotoxic crisis?

A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones

Question 65

Which classification of drugs is used to treat Addison disease?

A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones

Question 66

Which laboratory test measures the amount of blood glucose levels after the administration of glucose?

A) TFT
B) HRT
C) GTT
D) GH
E) PGH

Question 67

What classification of drugs increases skeletal growth in children?

A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids

Question 68

Which classification of drugs suppresses inflammation and controls allergic reactions?

A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids

Question 69

Which imaging technique rotates an x-ray emitter around an area to be scanned to detect diseases of the endocrine glands?

A) Magnetic resonance imaging
B) Fluoroscopy
C) X-ray
D) Computed tomography
E) Radiography

Question 70

Which abbreviation denotes diabetic complications that occur when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones?

A) DKA
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) FBS
E) GH

Question 71

Which abbreviation is associated with an electrolyte?

A) DI
B) K
C) LT
D) T₃
E) T₄

Question 72

The adrenal cortex is associated with osteoporosis.

Question 73

Which procedure involves excision of the pituitary gland through the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue?

A) Pituitarotomy
B) Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
C) Encephalectomy
D) Cephalotomy
E) Exophthalmometry

Question 74

Which abbreviation is associated with administration of iodine?

A) NPH
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) RAI
E) FSH

Question 75

Which classification of drugs is used to treat type 2 diabetes?

A) Insulins
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antidiuretics

Question 76

Which screening test determines how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood at regular intervals after a fast of at least 8 hours?

A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose

Question 77

Which abbreviation refers to parathormone?

A) PBI
B) ADH
C) PTH
D) TSH
E) LH

Question 78

Hyposecretion of prolactin in nursing mothers causes galactorrhea.

Question 79

Hypothyroidism that develops during adulthood is known as cretinism.

Question 80

Hypersecretion of thyroxine causes Graves disease.