Deck 19: Atmospheric Effects

Question 1

The top of the troposphere is called the

A) stratopause.
B) tropopause.
C) mesopause.
D) thermopause.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Jet planes avoid bad weather by flying above it in the

A) stratosphere.
B) troposphere.
C) mesosphere.
D) thermosphere.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is the most variable constituent of air?

A) Argon
B) Oxygen
C) Water vapor
D) Nitrogen

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The transition between the stratosphere and the troposphere is called the

A) stratopause.
B) tropopause.
C) mesopause.
D) thermopause.

Question 5

Weather occurs in the

A) stratosphere.
B) troposphere.
C) mesosphere.
D) thermosphere.

Question 6

The second most abundant gas in the atmosphere is

A) oxygen.
B) nitrogen.
C) water vapor.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Which of the following gases is a trace natural constituent of the air?

A) CO
B) SO₂
C) CO₂
D) NO₂

Question 8

The transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere is called the

A) stratopause.
B) tropopause.
C) mesopause.
D) thermopause.

Question 9

Which of the following gases, is a trace natural constituent of the air?

A) Ar
B) SO₂
C) CO
D) NO₂

Question 10

Exploration of this part of the atmosphere was conducted in the nineteenth century with hot-air balloons.

A) Stratosphere
B) Troposphere
C) Mesosphere
D) Thermosphere

Question 11

The top of the thermosphere is called the

A) stratopause.
B) tropopause.
C) mesopause.
D) thermopause.

Question 12

The top of the stratosphere is called the

A) stratopause.
B) tropopause.
C) mesopause.
D) thermopause.

Question 13

The bottom of the stratosphere is called the

A) stratopause.
B) tropopause.
C) mesopause.
D) thermopause.

Question 14

Oxygen is supplied to the atmosphere by

A) ozone.
B) incomplete combustion.
C) photosynthesis.
D) complete combustion.

Question 15

At 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, this part of atmosphere is heated almost directly by the Sun's rays.

A) Stratosphere
B) Troposphere
C) Mesosphere
D) Thermosphere

Question 16

The ozone layer lies in the

A) stratosphere.
B) troposphere.
C) mesosphere.
D) thermosphere.

Question 17

The coldest region of the atmosphere is the

A) stratosphere.
B) troposphere.
C) mesosphere.
D) thermosphere.

Question 18

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is

A) oxygen.
B) nitrogen.
C) water vapor.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 19

Photosynthesis produces ______________ in the atmosphere.

A) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
C) argon
D) carbon monoxide

Question 20

About 80% of the mass of the atmosphere and most of the clouds and water vapor are located in the

A) stratosphere.
B) troposphere.
C) mesosphere.
D) thermosphere.

Question 21

The fraction of incident light that a body reflects is known as its

A) Rayleigh scattering.
B) insolation.
C) albedo.
D) humidity.

Question 22

Radio waves are reflected by which of the following ion layers?

A) C
B) D
C) F
D) A

Question 23

The troposphere derives energy by means of

A) latent heat of condensation only.
B) absorption of terrestrial radiation only.
C) conduction from Earth's surface only.
D) all of these.

Question 24

Which of the following has the smallest albedo?

A) Water
B) Polar ice
C) Fresh snow
D) Dry sand

Question 25

Ions trapped in Earth's magnetic field give rise to

A) photosynthesis.
B) auroras.
C) ultraviolet radiation.
D) ozone.

Question 26

The ozone layer causes a temperature increase in the

A) thermosphere.
B) mesosphere.
C) troposphere.
D) stratosphere.

Question 27

Radio waves, of sufficient frequency, pass through which of the following ion layers?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) F

Question 28

Some of Earth's artificial satellites orbit in the

A) stratosphere.
B) troposphere.
C) mesosphere.
D) thermosphere.
E) exosphere.

Question 29

The reason why the sky is blue is best explained by

A) the greenhouse effect.
B) Rayleigh scattering.
C) the dew point.
D) auroras.

Question 30

The blueness of the sky results from

A) preferential scattering of light by gas molecules.
B) the lapse rate.
C) the greenhouse effect.
D) latent heat.

Question 31

When the relative humidity is 100%, the air temperature is equal to

A) the lapse rate.
B) 100°F.
C) the dew point temperature.
D) none of these.

Question 32

A phenomenon that occurs in the ionosphere is

A) the greenhouse effect.
B) photosynthesis.
C) Rayleigh scattering.
D) auroras.

Question 33

Every square inch of our body, at sea level, sustains ______________ of atmospheric pressure.

A) 14.7 lb
B) 1.47 g
C) 14.7 g
D) 1.47 lb

Question 34

Which of the following radiations is absorbed in the greenhouse effect?

A) Ultraviolet only
B) Visible only
C) Infrared only
D) All of these

Question 35

Radio waves are reflected by which of the following ion layers?

A) C
B) D
C) E
D) B

Question 36

The principal gases responsible for the greenhouse effect are

A) water vapor and oxygen.
B) oxygen and nitrogen.
C) carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
D) carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Question 37

The stratosphere and the troposphere account for ______________ of the mass of the atmosphere.

A) 80%
B) 90%
C) 99.9%
D) 78.1%

Question 38

Which of the following has the largest albedo?

A) Water
B) Polar ice
C) Fresh snow
D) Dry sand
E) Dark soil

Question 39

The process that effectively regulates Earth's average temperature is

A) the greenhouse effect.
B) Rayleigh scattering.
C) the dew point.
D) auroras.

Question 40

When measuring air temperature, it is best to avoid

A) shade.
B) shadows.
C) direct sunlight.
D) none of these.

Question 41

Precipitation is measured with

A) a psychrometer.
B) an anemometer.
C) a rain gauge.
D) a barometer.

Question 42

Doppler radar is replacing conventional radar in weather forecasting because

A) it can measure wind speeds.
B) Doppler radar is widely used in police cars.
C) it is cheaper.
D) government agencies are required to use the latest equipment.

Question 43

In attempting to pipe water to elevated heights, ______________ investigated atmospheric pressure.

A) Newton
B) Galileo
C) Bergeron
D) Torricelli

Question 44

The rate at which air temperature changes with altitude is called

A) the inversion rate.
B) vertical development.
C) the lapse rate.
D) an isotherm.

Question 45

Air circulation around a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere as viewed from above is

A) counterclockwise.
B) the same as in the Southern Hemisphere.
C) toward the center of the low-pressure area.
D) along isobars.

Question 46

A sea breeze on a coast is the result of

A) Rayleigh scattering.
B) a convection cycle.
C) the Coriolis force.
D) friction or drag.

Question 47

The inventor of the mercury barometer was

A) Newton.
B) Galileo.
C) Bergeron.
D) Torricelli.

Question 48

The tallest column of water able to be supported by using atmospheric pressure is

A) about 10 m.
B) about 1 m.
C) about 100 m.
D) about 1 cm.

Question 49

The relative humidity (for a given volume of air), expressed as a decimal fraction, is

A) the actual water vapor content divided by the maximum water vapor content.
B) the maximum water vapor content divided by the actual water vapor content.
C) the air temperature divided by the dew point temperature.
D) the dew point temperature divided by the air temperature.

Question 50

Wind speed is measured by means of

A) a psychrometer.
B) an anemometer.
C) a wind vane.
D) a barometer.

Question 51

The conterminous United States lies predominantly in which wind zone?

A) Westerlies
B) Northeast tradewinds
C) Polar easterlies
D) Doldrums

Question 52

The horizontal movement of air is called

A) an anticyclone.
B) wind.
C) air currents.
D) a hurricane.

Question 53

The heat index accounts for the "real feel" due to the effects of

A) temperature and perspiration.
B) temperature and pressure.
C) temperature and humidity.
D) humidity and pressure.

Question 54

For normal household temperatures, a comfortable relative humidity is

A) 100%
B) 0%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Question 55

Land and sea breezes result from

A) the Coriolis force.
B) convection cycles.
C) low-pressure areas.
D) high-pressure areas.

Question 56

To avoid toxic vapor, one can use a(n) ____________ barometer to measure pressure.

A) mercury
B) Galileo
C) aneroid
D) Torricelli

Question 57

A primary force that produces air motion is

A) gravity.
B) the Coriolis force.
C) friction.
D) the electromagnetic force.

Question 58

The relative humidity is 100% when

A) the psychrometer wet-bulb temperature is depressed.
B) the actual moisture content is equal to the maximum moisture capacity.
C) the air temperature is above the dew point temperature.
D) the air temperature is 100°F.

Question 59

Which of the following units is used to express atmospheric pressure?

A) Torr only
B) Millibar only
C) Inches of Hg only
D) All of these

Question 60

A line drawn through locations of equal atmospheric pressure is a(n)

A) equipress.
B) anemometer.
C) wind vane.
D) isobar.

Question 61

A normal lapse rate of 2.7 °F/1000 ft is equivalent to

A) 3.5 °C/m.
B) 1.5 °C/1000 ft.
C) 5.0 °C/1000 ft.
D) 6.5 °C/1000 ft.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a member of the low-cloud family?

A) Nimbostratus cloud
B) Fog
C) Stratus cloud
D) Cirrus cloud

Question 63

Cloud dissipation results from

A) an inverted lapse rate.
B) hygroscopic nuclei.
C) supercooled vapor.
D) descending air.

Question 64

Nimbus means

A) "poorly formed."
B) "curl."
C) "heap."
D) none of these.

Question 65

The study of all aspects of the atmosphere is called ______________.

Question 66

An average lapse rate of 2.7 °F/1000 ft is equivalent to

A) 1.5 °C/m.
B) 4.0 °C/1000 ft.
C) 5.0 °C/km.
D) 6.5 °C/1000 m.

Question 67

The ______________ lies below the stratosphere.

Question 68

The ozone layer absorbs ______________ radiation.

Question 69

The term weather refers to the atmospheric conditions of the ______________.

Question 70

A normal lapse rate of 3.5 °F/1000 ft is equivalent to

A) 3.5 °C/m.
B) 4 °C/1000 ft.
C) 3.5 °C/km.
D) 6.5 °C/1000 m.

Question 71

Carbon dioxide is removed from the air by ______________.

Question 72

Clouds described as "artist's brushes" or "mare's tails" belong to what cloud family?

A) Middle
B) Low
C) High
D) None of these

Question 73

A normal lapse rate of 3.5 °F/1000 ft is equivalent to

A) 3.5 °C/m.
B) 1.9 °C/1000 ft.
C) 3.5 °C/1000 ft.
D) 6.5 °C/1000 ft.

Question 74

An altocumulus cloud belongs to which cloud family?

A) Low
B) Clouds of vertical development
C) High
D) Middle

Question 75

A type of cloud composed of ice crystals is the

A) altostratus.
B) cirrostratus.
C) stratus.
D) nimbostratus.

Question 76

The fraction of incident light that a body reflects is called its ______________.

Question 77

The atmospheric division that lies directly above the stratosphere is the ______________.

Question 78

After nitrogen and oxygen, the major constituent of the air is___________.

Question 79

Radio waves are reflected by layers in the ______________.

Question 80

Nimbus means

A) "poorly formed."
B) "rain forming cloud."
C) "heap."
D) none of these.