Deck 9: Chemical Reactions

Question 1

The "plum pudding model" of the atom is associated with

A) Bohr.
B) Rutherford.
C) Dalton.
D) Thomson.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The number of electrons in an atom of an element is the same as the element's

A) atomic number.
B) period number.
C) mass number.
D) group number.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Calculate the frequency in hertz of photons of light with energy of 9.90 $\times$ 10^-19 J.

A) 0.67 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz
B) 0.67 $\times$ 10¹⁵ Hz
C) 1.49 $\times$ 10¹⁵ Hz
D) 1.49 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz

Answer 3

1.49 $\times$ 10¹⁵ Hz

Question 4

Who discovered the nucleus of the atom in 1911?

A) Thomson
B) Rutherford
C) Dalton
D) Bohr

Question 5

The ancient Greek who is known for championing the concept of atom was named ______________.

A) Democritus
B) Socrates
C) Plato
D) Zeus

Question 6

Which of these colors of light has photons of greatest energy?

A) Violet
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Yellow

Question 7

What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5.2 $\times$ 10¹⁴ Hz?

A) 3.4 $\times$ 10^-19 J
B) 1.3 $\times$ 10^-20 J
C) 0.8 $\times$ 10^-20 J
D) 0.3 $\times$ 10^-21 J

Question 8

Who discovered the electron in 1897?

A) Dalton
B) Bohr
C) Rutherford
D) Thomson

Question 9

The development of physics since about 1900 is called

A) neoclassical physics.
B) Newtonian physics.
C) classical physics.
D) modern physics.

Question 10

Addition of an electron to an atom leaves a

A) neutron.
B) positive ion.
C) free quark.
D) negative ion.

Question 11

The ""billiard ball model" of the atom is associated with

A) Bohr.
B) Thomson.
C) Rutherford.
D) Dalton.

Question 12

Which of these colors of light has photons of lowest energy?

A) Blue
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Violet

Question 13

The greater the frequency of light, the greater the ______________ of its photons.

A) velocity
B) speed
C) wavelength
D) energy

Question 14

Atomic physics deals mainly with phenomena involving which particles in atoms?

A) Quarks
B) Protons
C) Electrons
D) Neutrons

Question 15

Which of these colors of light has photons of lowest energy?

A) Blue
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Red

Question 16

Which of these colors of light has photons of greatest energy?

A) Red
B) Orange
C) Green
D) Yellow

Question 17

Aristotle's "continuous" model of matter was proved wrong about 1807 by

A) Bohr.
B) Thomson.
C) Dalton.
D) Rutherford.

Question 18

Removal of an electron from an atom leaves a

A) neutron.
B) positive ion.
C) free quark.
D) negative ion.

Question 19

Which of these colors of light has photons of greatest energy?

A) Green
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Yellow

Question 20

According to Planck's hypothesis, the energy of an oscillator is directly proportional to its

A) amplitude.
B) wavelength.
C) momentum.
D) frequency.

Question 21

For a specific element, photons of how many different energies could be emitted by electrons in the n = 3 level as they return to the n = 1 level?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 2
D) 3

Question 22

The transitions of an electron in the hydrogen atom to the n = 2 level result in the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 23

For a specific element, photons of how many different energies could be emitted by electrons in the n = 6 level as they return to the n = 1 level?

A) 15
B) 21
C) 6
D) 1

Question 24

A quantum is a

A) discrete amount.
B) fundamental property.
C) unit of momentum.
D) proton.

Question 25

Einstein won the Nobel Prize for explaining

A) general relativity.
B) special relativity.
C) the photoelectric effect.
D) quantum mechanics.

Question 26

Which of these colors of light has photons of lowest energy?

A) Yellow
B) Green
C) Blue
D) Violet

Question 27

Fluorescence occurs when samples of some materials are exposed to rays of which EMR region?

A) Ultraviolet
B) Infrared
C) Visible
D) Microwave

Question 28

Dispersing light from a hot wire gives what type of spectrum?

A) Line absorption
B) Continuous
C) Line emission
D) Ultraviolet

Question 29

Who won the Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect?

A) Bohr
B) Planck
C) de Broglie
D) Einstein

Question 30

The lines in the visible region of the hydrogen spectrum are known as the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 31

The transitions of an electron in the hydrogen atom to the n = 1 level result in the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 32

The calculation of electron energy levels in the hydrogen atom was done first by

A) Schrِdinger.
B) de Broglie.
C) Bohr.
D) Heisenberg.

Question 33

If the energy of n = 3 is -1.51 eV and that of n = 4 is -0.85 eV in a hydrogen atom, a transition from n = 3 to n = 4 will _______________ a photon with an energy of approximately ______________.

A) emit; 2.36 eV
B) absorb; 0.661 eV
C) emit; 0.661 eV
D) absorb; 2.36 eV

Question 34

Who developed the quantum theory in 1900 and has a constant named for him?

A) de Broglie
B) Bohr
C) Planck
D) Einstein

Question 35

Niels Bohr focused his attention on the element hydrogen because it

A) could be obtained in extremely high purity.
B) was so abundant.
C) had the simplest atom.
D) was inexpensive.

Question 36

Discrete wavelengths of light are emitted by an excited gas because

A) the speed of light is constant in a given medium.
B) light can behave either as a wave or as a particle.
C) electron energy levels are quantized.
D) the intensity of radiation is proportional to the second power of the frequency.

Question 37

The transitions of an electron in the hydrogen atom to the n = 3 level result in the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 38

For a specific element, photons of how many different energies could be emitted by electrons in the n = 2 level as they return to the n = 1 level?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 2
D) 1

Question 39

Calculate the energy E_n (in eV) of a hydrogen atom's electron with n = 4.

A) -54 eV
B) -3.4 eV
C) -0.85 eV
D) -1.7 eV

Question 40

Dispersing light that has traveled from a hot wire through a cool gas gives what type of spectrum?

A) Line absorption
B) Continuous
C) Line emission
D) Ultraviolet

Question 41

Which of the following principal quantum number values is impossible?

A) 2.5
B) 16
C) 3
D) 1

Question 42

The lowest energy level of a hydrogen atom (n = 1) is called

A) the ground state.
B) the potential state.
C) the ionization state.
D) none of these.

Question 43

How much energy must be absorbed to ionize a hydrogen atom whose electron is in the ground state (n = 1)?

A) Zero
B) 1 eV
C) 0.053 eV
D) 13.6 eV

Question 44

When an electron in an atom is excited from a lower energy level to a higher one, a ______________ is ______________.

A) proton; absorbed
B) proton; emitted
C) photon; absorbed
D) photon; emitted

Question 45

The energy differences in some of the rotational energy levels of the water molecule allow

A) X-rays to be produced.
B) cooking with microwaves.
C) visible spectral lines to be formed.
D) lasers to operate.

Question 46

Which is a possible value for the principal quantum number n?

A) 3.14
B) 7
C) 2.5
D) None of these

Question 47

The key process of a laser is

A) stimulated emission.
B) Bremsstrahlung.
C) electron diffraction.
D) microwave absorption.

Question 48

An electron is in its lowest energy level when

A) it is free of nuclear forces.
B) its momentum is zero.
C) it is in its ground state.
D) none of these.

Question 49

The most important force in the hydrogen atom is

A) the nuclear force.
B) the gravitational force.
C) the electromagnetic force.
D) none of these.

Question 50

In terms of energy levels of electrons, a potential well has

A) a negative value.
B) a positive or a negative value.
C) a positive value.
D) none of these.

Question 51

Which is not a possible value for the principal quantum number n?

A) 3
B) 7
C) 3/2
D) None of these

Question 52

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered

A) X-rays.
B) gamma rays.
C) radio waves.
D) microwaves.

Question 53

According to the hypothesis of de Broglie, any moving particle has

A) energy.
B) a magnetic force field.
C) an electric force field.
D) a wavelength.

Question 54

When an electron goes from an excited state to the ground state,

A) energy is absorbed.
B) a photon is absorbed.
C) a photon is emitted.
D) none of these occur.

Question 55

The interior of a large mass of food in a microwave oven must be heated mainly by

A) radiation.
B) conduction.
C) convection.
D) radioactivity.

Question 56

When many of the atoms or molecules in a sample have been excited into a metastable state, a(n) ______________ has occurred.

A) ultraviolet catastrophe
B) population inversion
C) coherent emission
D) incoherent absorption

Question 57

The removal of an electron from an atom is called

A) binding affinity.
B) atomizing.
C) electron affinity.
D) ionization.

Question 58

When an electron goes from the ground state to an excited state,

A) energy is emitted.
B) a photon is absorbed.
C) a photon is emitted.
D) none of these occur.

Question 59

When fast electrons strike a metal target, what are produced?

A) Radio waves
B) Gamma rays
C) X-rays
D) Microwaves

Question 60

When an electron in an atom falls from a higher energy level to a lower one, a ______________ is ______________.

A) proton; absorbed
B) proton; emitted
C) photon; absorbed
D) photon; emitted

Question 61

The unit called the hertz (Hz) is equivalent to

A) 1/s only.
B) a reciprocal second only.
C) s^-1 only.
D) all of these.

Question 62

As the speed of an object decreases, its wavelength

A) remains unchanged.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) is zero.

Question 63

The planetary model of the atom is associated with

A) Bohr.
B) Thomson.
C) Dalton.
D) Rutherford.

Question 64

With which object would the wave nature of matter be significant?

A) A hard-thrown baseball
B) A speeding truck
C) A moving electron
D) An orbiting planet

Question 65

Who, in 1925, postulated that matter, as well as light, has properties of both waves and particles?

A) Planck
B) Heisenberg
C) de Broglie
D) Einstein

Question 66

The smaller the frequency of light, the smaller the ______________ of its photons.

A) wavelength
B) speed
C) mass
D) energy

Question 67

Which of these instruments is based on the theory of matter waves?

A) Microwave oven
B) X-ray tube
C) Electron microscope
D) Cathode ray tube

Question 68

Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for an electron (m = 1 $\times$ 10^-30 kg) moving at 3.3 $\times$ 10⁶ m/s.

A) 1.7 $\times$ 10^-10m
B) 2.2 $\times$ 10^-10m
C) 1.8 $\times$ 10^-10m
D) 2.0 $\times$ 10^-10m

Question 69

The development of physics prior to 1900 is called

A) classical physics.
B) neoclassical physics.
C) Galilean physics.
D) ancient physics.

Question 70

Tripling the wavelength of a photon would ______________.

A) reduce its energy to one-third
B) triple its energy
C) quadruple its energy
D) not change

Question 71

Doubling the wavelength of a photon would ______________ its energy.

A) halve
B) double
C) quadruple
D) not change

Question 72

According to the Bohr theory, the probability of finding a hydrogen atom's ground-state electron 0.053 nm from the proton is

A) low, but not zero.
B) 100%.
C) zero.
D) high, but not 100%.

Question 73

Which phenomenon shows that quanta of light, or photons, exist?

A) Diffraction
B) Polarization
C) The photoelectric effect
D) Interference

Question 74

The dilemma known as the ultraviolet catastrophe was resolved in 1900 by

A) Bohr.
B) Rutherford.
C) Einstein.
D) Planck.

Question 75

Addition of an electron to an atom gives a

A) negative ion.
B) neutron.
C) new element.
D) positive ion.

Question 76

The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to both its speed and its

A) spin.
B) electric charge.
C) volume.
D) mass.

Question 77

Which is another name for quantum mechanics?

A) Classical mechanics
B) Wave mechanics
C) Optical mechanics
D) Spherical mechanics

Question 78

According to the Schrِdinger equation, the probability of finding a hydrogen atom's ground-state electron 0.053 nm from the proton is

A) zero.
B) high, but not 100%.
C) low, but not zero.
D) 100%.

Question 79

Matter waves were confirmed when it was found that electrons

A) diffract.
B) have a plus or minus spin quantum number.
C) possess a negative charge.
D) have mass.

Question 80

As the speed of an object increases, its wavelength

A) remains unchanged.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) is zero.