Deck 5: Atomic Physics

Question 1

A temperature of -5 Kelvin is equivalent to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

A) -468.4
B) 268.0
C) -20.6
D) -278.0

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A digital thermometer can make readings to the tenth of a degree at either the Celsius setting or the Fahrenheit setting. Which reading would be more precise?

A) The Fahrenheit setting, since 1 degree Fahrenheit is smaller than 1 degree Celsius
B) The Fahrenheit setting, since 1 degree Celsius is smaller than 1 degree Fahrenheit
C) The Celsius setting, since 1 degree Fahrenheit is smaller than 1 degree Celsius
D) The Celsius setting, since 1 degree Celsius is smaller than 1 degree Fahrenheit

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A temperature of degrees -95 Celsius is equivalent to _____ Kelvin.

A) -630.4
B) 178.0
C) -70.6
D) -368.0

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A temperature of 110 Kelvin is equivalent to _____ degrees Celsius.

A) 316.3
B) 383.0
C) 43.3
D) -163.0

Question 5

The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas is a measure of

A) volume.
B) density.
C) temperature.
D) heat content.

Question 6

A large calorie (Cal) is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one ______________ of water by one Celsius degree.

A) dekagram
B) centigram
C) gram
D) kilogram

Question 7

The Celsius degree is

A) the same size as the Fahrenheit degree.
B) larger than the kelvin.
C) the same size as the kelvin.
D) smaller than the Fahrenheit degree.

Question 8

A temperature of degrees 245 Fahrenheit is equivalent to _____ degrees Celsius.

A) -18.4
B) 473.0
C) 118.3
D) -28.0

Question 9

One kelvin unit is equivalent to

A) 9/5 Fahrenheit degrees.
B) 1 Fahrenheit degree.
C) 2 Celsius degrees.
D) 1.8 Celsius degrees.

Question 10

The Sun's rays are transmitted to Earth by means of

A) radiation.
B) convection.
C) temperature.
D) conduction.

Question 11

The amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1°C is

A) 1 cal.
B) the specific heat.
C) the heat difference.
D) 1 J.

Question 12

Heat transfer that involves mass movement is

A) temperature.
B) conduction.
C) convection.
D) radiation.

Question 13

The units of specific heat are

A) kcal-kg/°C.
B) J/kg-°C.
C) kcal-kg.
D) J/kg.

Question 14

In measuring any temperature less than 500 Fahrenheit, which of the following scales will have the highest numeric reading?

A) Fahrenheit
B) Celsius
C) Kelvin
D) None of these

Question 15

Which of the following temperature scales has the smallest unit interval?

A) Celsius
B) Kelvin
C) Fahrenheit
D) None of these

Question 16

The SI unit of heat is the

A) calorie.
B) joule.
C) kilocalorie.
D) Btu.

Question 17

Temperature is a relative measure of

A) latent heat.
B) hotness and coldness.
C) internal energy.
D) specific heat.

Question 18

The heating of a room by a fire in a fireplace is chiefly due to

A) vaporization.
B) radiation.
C) convection.
D) conduction.

Question 19

A temperature of degrees -60 Fahrenheit is equivalent to _____ Kelvin.

A) 221.9
B) 213.0
C) -51.1
D) -333.0

Question 20

A temperature of degrees 230 Celsius is equivalent to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

A) -45.4
B) 446.0
C) 110.0
D) -43.0

Question 21

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 kg of a solid into a liquid at the same temperature is called the

A) entropy.
B) melting point.
C) latent heat of vaporization.
D) latent heat of fusion.

Question 22

The number of molecules in a container is doubled and the Kelvin temperature doubled. The volume remains unchanged. The new pressure will be how many times greater than the original pressure?

A) 4
B) 1
C) 10
D) 8

Question 23

A sample of gas has its number of molecules tripled, its Kelvin temperature quadrupled, and its volume tripled. By what factor has the new pressure changed relative to the original pressure?

A) 4
B) 4.7
C) 36.3
D) 36

Question 24

Which of the following has the highest thermal conductivity?

A) Air
B) A newspaper
C) A rug
D) An aluminum saucepan

Question 25

Which of the following has the lowest thermal conductivity?

A) Glass
B) Iron
C) Wood
D) Styrofoam

Question 26

An ideal gas is confined to a container with an adjustable volume. If the number of molecules and the temperature are held constant, by what factor will the volume change when the pressure is quintupled?

A) 25
B) 0.2
C) 0.04
D) 5

Question 27

How much heat is necessary to change 10 g of ice at -10°C into water at 20°C?

A) 0.025 kcal
B) 0.25 kcal
C) 1.05 kcal
D) 0.095 kcal

Question 28

A home fireplace loses most of its heat by

A) radiation into the room.
B) convection up the chimney.
C) radiation up the chimney.
D) conduction to the sides of the fireplace.

Question 29

How much heat is necessary to change 30 g of water at 40°C into water at 60°C?

A) 0.06 kcal
B) 0.6 kcal
C) 3 kcal
D) 0.54 kcal

Question 30

Which laboratory observation would most support the kinetic theory's assumption that gas molecules have little attraction for one another?

A) A gas expands when the pressure on it is released.
B) A gas with a lower formula mass diffuses more rapidly than one with a higher formula mass.
C) A gas exerts the same pressure on each part of a container's wall.
D) A gas has mass.

Question 31

Heat transfer from hot or cold liquids in a thermos bottle is prevented by ______________.

A) convection
B) conduction
C) radiation
D) all of these

Question 32

A circular hole is drilled into an aluminum sheet. When the sheet is heated, the diameter of the hole will

A) become smaller.
B) become larger.
C) depend on the thickness of the sheet.
D) not be affected.

Question 33

How much heat is necessary to change 30 g of water at 40°C into steam at 100°C?

A) 0.18 kcal
B) 1.8 kcal
C) 18 kcal
D) 2.04 kcal

Question 34

The insulation in walls uses which of the following methods to prevent heat transfer?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Conduction and convection
E) All of these

Question 35

How much heat is necessary to change 30 g of water at 100°C into steam at 100°C?

A) 0.24 kcal
B) 16200 kcal
C) 16.2 kcal
D) 2.4 kcal

Question 36

A change of phase takes place at a constant

A) temperature.
B) volume.
C) heat.
D) pressure.

Question 37

The energy involved in a phase change is called the

A) specific heat.
B) thermal energy.
C) internal energy.
D) latent heat.

Question 38

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 kg of a liquid into a gas at the same temperature is called the

A) entropy.
B) boiling point.
C) latent heat of vaporization.
D) latent heat of fusion.

Question 39

On a winter day the temperature drops from -15°C to -25°C overnight. If a pan sitting outside contains 0.50 kg of ice, how much heat is removed from the ice for this temperature change?

A) 0.25 kcal
B) 2.5 kcal
C) 10 kcal
D) 1 kcal

Question 40

How much heat is required to melt 6.0 kg of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C?

A) 480 kcal
B) 0 kcal
C) 3240 kcal
D) 720 kcal

Question 41

When a material is found to have a definite volume and definite shape, and when it doesn't require a container to maintain its shape, what is the phase of the material?

A) Gas
B) Liquid
C) Plasma
D) Solid

Question 42

Which of the following is not directly involved in the second law of thermodynamics?

A) Spontaneous heat flow
B) Converting all heat input into work
C) Conservation of energy
D) Entropy

Question 43

Which laboratory observation would most support the kinetic theory's assumption that molecules in a gas are widely separated?

A) A gas exerts the same pressure on each part of a container's wall.
B) A gas is highly compressible.
C) A gas with a lower formula mass diffuses more rapidly than one with a higher formula mass.
D) A gas expands when the pressure on it is released.

Question 44

A ______________ is an ultra-hot collection of electrically charged particles.

A) gas
B) liquid
C) plasma
D) solid

Question 45

A quantity that gives the direction of a thermodynamic process is

A) entropy.
B) efficiency.
C) specific heat.
D) energy.

Question 46

A constant volume and mass of helium gas at 77°C is heated so that the pressure of the gas doubles. What is the new temperature of the gas in Celsius degrees?

A) 154°C
B) 273°C
C) 427°C
D) 700°C

Question 47

If 900 Joules of heat is added to a system, while the system does 700 Joules, by how much does the internal energy increase?

A) -1600 J
B) -200 J
C) 900 J
D) 200 J
E) 1600 J

Question 48

If 900 Joules of heat is added to a system, and the internal energy increases by 800 Joules, how much work is done by the system?

A) -1700 J
B) -100 J
C) 900 J
D) 100 J
E) 1700 J

Question 49

At approximately what temperature does water have its greatest density?

A) 4°C
B) 100°C
C) 0°C
D) None of these; the density of water is constant at all temperatures.

Question 50

What happens to a sample of water when it is heated between 4°C and 100°C?

A) Its volume increases.
B) Its volume is reduced.
C) It vaporizes.
D) Nothing changes except its temperature.

Question 51

What happens to a sample of water when its temperature is reduced between 4°C and 100°C?

A) Its density increases.
B) It vaporizes.
C) Its density decreases.
D) Its density remains constant.

Question 52

When a material is found to have a definite volume but no definite shape, and when it assumes the shape of the container in which it is placed, what is the phase of the material?

A) Gas
B) Liquid
C) Plasma
D) Solid

Question 53

For every natural process, the entropy of the universe

A) is destroyed.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) remains constant.

Question 54

If the temperature of a quantity of ideal gas increases, then

A) the number of molecules must increase.
B) the pressure must increase.
C) the volume must increase.
D) the product of the pressure and volume must increase.

Question 55

A heat engine

A) converts heat to work.
B) converts heat to internal energy.
C) transfers heat from a low-temperature reservoir.
D) converts work to heat.

Question 56

When a material is found to have no definite volume and no definite shape, what is the phase of the material?

A) Gas
B) Liquid
C) Plasma
D) Solid

Question 57

The impossibility of reaching a temperature of absolute zero is incorporated in

A) the third law of thermodynamics.
B) the first law of thermodynamics.
C) the second law of thermodynamics.
D) an increase in entropy.

Question 58

What happens to a sample of water when its temperature is reduced between 0°C and 4°C?

A) Its density increases.
B) It vaporizes.
C) Its density decreases.
D) Its density remains constant.

Question 59

What happens to a sample of water when it is heated between 0°C and 4°C?

A) Its volume increases.
B) Its volume is reduced.
C) It vaporizes.
D) Nothing changes except its temperature.

Question 60

When heat is added to a closed system, it goes into

A) work only.
B) entropy only.
C) internal energy only.
D) either (A) or (C) or both.

Question 61

Below 4°C, water ______________ with decreasing temperature.

Question 62

______________ is the process whereby energetic molecules escape from a liquid.

Question 63

The ice point and the steam point of water are commonly called the ______________ point and the ______________ point, respectively.

Question 64

The energy needed to change the phase of a substance is called ______________.

Question 65

The SI unit of heat is the ______________.

Question 66

The substance is entirely a solid between points ______________ and ______________.

Question 67

The latent heat of fusion is the amount of energy per kilogram necessary to go from point ______________ to point ______________.

Question 68

The Fahrenheit scale has a ___________ degree size than the Celsius scale.

Question 69

In a heat pump,

A) heat is used to do work.
B) heat flows spontaneously.
C) the same process is used as in a heat engine.
D) work is used to transfer heat.

Question 70

Temperatures 1 and 2 are the ______________ and the ______________, respectively.

Question 71

The amount of heat necessary to change a liquid to a solid at constant temperature is the ______________.Use the following to answer questions 73-77:

Question 72

The substance is entirely a gas between points ______________ and ______________.

Question 73

A common property used to measure temperature is the ______________ of materials.

Question 74

The substance is entirely a liquid between points ______________ and ______________.

Question 75

Gas pressure is caused by molecular ______________ with the walls of the container.

Question 76

Water has a specific heat value of ______________.

Question 77

The ______________ temperature scale has no negative readings.

Question 78

A ______________ has a definite volume and assumes the shape of its container.

Question 79

Solids, liquids, and gases are called ______________ of matter.

Question 80

On bare feet, a tile floor feels colder than a rug because the tile has a greater ______________.