Deck 3: Nature of Antigens and Major Histocompatibility Complex

Question 1

Major histocompatibility (MHC)molecules containing beta-2-microglobulin:

A) contain alpha and beta transmembrane polypeptides
B) participate in the activation of CD4 T cells
C) are determined by HLA-A,HLA-B,and HLA-C genes
D) are determined by the HLA-DR genes

Answer 1

are determined by HLA-A,HLA-B,and HLA-C genes

Question 2

Antigens found in different species that trigger a similar antibody response are called:

A) heterophile antigens
B) haptens
C) alloantigens
D) autoantigens

Answer 2

heterophile antigens

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of HLA-DR,-DP,and -DQ molecules?

A) antigen receptors on all lymphocytes
B) antigen receptors on T lymphocytes
C) surface alloantigens on liver and kidney cells
D) expressed co-dominantly (maternal and paternal)

Answer 3

expressed co-dominantly (maternal and paternal)

Question 4

Class II molecules bind to what kind of peptides?

A) native peptides
B) processed exogenous
C) processed endogenous
D) any of the above

Question 5

Which is characteristic of thymus-dependent antigens?

A) They are proteins.
B) They are mainly polysaccharides.
C) They stimulate primarily IgM.
D) all of the above

Question 6

A low-molecular-weight molecule that has one binding site for an antibody would be which of the following?

A) antigen
B) hapten
C) immunogen
D) valence

Question 7

T-independent antigens:

A) stimulate primarily an IgM response
B) stimulate primarily an IgG response
C) cause an anamnestic response
D) induce production of memory

Question 8

Which of the following is likely to be the most immunogenic?

A) a lipid with a molecular weight of 50,000 d
B) a polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 40,000 d
C) a protein with a molecular weight of 45,000 d
D) a nucleic acid with a molecular weight of 60,000 d

Question 9

Endogenous peptides binding to HLA-A,B,or C molecules on the surface of hepatocytes is critical for the response by:

A) B lymphocytes
B) T helper cells
C) cytotoxic T cells
D) macrophages

Question 10

The purpose of the invariant chain (Ii,CD74)is to block the peptide-binding site of:

A) antibody molecules
B) class II molecules
C) class I molecules
D) T cell receptors

Question 11

Blood from a suspect is typed to see if it is a match with a sample found at the crime scene.The suspect's blood exhibits the following reactions: no agglutination with anti-A,no agglutination with anti-B.What is the suspect's blood type?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type O
D) type AB

Question 12

A macromolecule that is capable of eliciting an immune response in an immunocompetent host is called a(an):

A) antigen
B) antibody
C) hapten
D) acute phase reactant

Question 13

All of the following are characteristics of both MHC class I and class II molecules EXCEPT:

A) expressed codominantly
B) involved in antigen recognition
C) members of the immunoglobulin superfamily
D) expressed constitutively on all nucleated cells

Question 14

The ability to respond to antigen depends on which of the following factors?

A) age
B) proper nutrition
C) genetic predisposition
D) all of the above
E) all except one of the above

Question 15

Another name for antigenic determinant is:

A) immunogen
B) epitope
C) antibody
D) polysaccharide

Question 16

Which MHC class of antigens is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4-positive T cells?

A) class I
B) class II
C) class III
D) No MHC molecule is necessary for antigen recognition.

Question 17

A 50 kDa protein from a bacterial cell that has numerous different epitopes would be called:

A) hapten,but not antigen
B) hapten and antigen
C) antigen,but not immunogen
D) immunogen and antigen

Question 18

MHC class II molecules have specificity for:

A) any endogenous peptide
B) peptides with a particular motif
C) one particular peptide
D) native,conformational epitopes

Question 19

Which of the following molecules is the better immunogen?

A) protein
B) protein polysaccharide
C) nucleic acid
D) lipid

Question 20

The best immunogen would be:

A) monovalent and genetically foreign
B) less than 10,000 molecular weight
C) multivalent with many specificities
D) multivalent with one repeated specificity

Question 21

If a determinant site on a molecule that stimulates antibody formation is produced by the folding of the primary chain,this is known as a:

A) conformational epitope
B) linear epitope
C) hapten
D) valence

Question 22

Heterophile antigens are characterized as:

A) found in unrelated plants or animals but cross-reacting with the same antibody
B) one's own self-antigens
C) any antigens used for immunization
D) all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is true of HLA (MHC)class I antigens?

A) They are recognized by helper T cells.
B) They are found on all nucleated cells.
C) They combine with exogenous antigen.
D) They are coded for on chromosome 9.

Question 24

If a person has a reaction to poison ivy,this is due to:

A) an autocoupling hapten
B) a heterophile antigen
C) a T-independent antigen
D) use of an adjuvant

Question 25

Naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies are thought to be due to exposure to which of the following?

A) heterophile antigens
B) haptens
C) alloantigens
D) autoantigens

Question 26

A substance used to enhance antibody formation is called a(n):

A) hapten
B) adjuvant
C) immunogen
D) carrier

Question 27

What is the function of TAP proteins used in antigen processing?

A) help digest large proteins
B) bind to MHC Class II in the endoplasmic reticulum
C) measure and transport digested proteins to MHC Class I
D) recognize and digest exogenous protein

Question 28

A substance that is too small to stimulate antibody production by itself unless it is attached to a larger carrier molecule is called a(an):

A) autoantigen
B) cross-reacting antigen
C) hapten
D) alloantigen

Question 29

HLA (MHC)class I protein is found on:

A) RBCs
B) all nucleated cells
C) B cells and macrophages
D) stem cells only

Question 30

All of the following are characteristics of a good antigen EXCEPT:

A) large molecule
B) foreign to host
C) repeating polymer
D) protein in nature

Question 31

The use of an aluminum salt in the hepatitis vaccine is an example of a (an):

A) hapten
B) adjuvant
C) immunogen
D) carrier

Question 32

When a human responds to a bacterial antigen,the bacterial antigen is classified as a(an):

A) autoantigen
B) alloantigen
C) heteroantigen
D) holoantigen

Question 33

If a patient's red cells agglutinate with anti-A reagent antibody and the serum agglutinates B cells,what is the blood type?

A) type A
B) type B
C) type O
D) cannot determine

Question 34

Which best describes a finding of Landsteiner's study of haptens?

A) Similar haptens trigger the same antibody response.
B) Spatial configuration is recognized by antibody.
C) Small chemical changes to a hapten do not affect antibody response.
D) A hapten can react with many different antibodies.

Question 35

If a mother is HLA A3A14/ B5B15/ Cw3Cw4,and her child is A3A9/B5B27/Cw4Cw7,which of the following men is the most likely candidate for the father?

A) A5A9/B5B27/Cw3Cw7
B) A9A11/B15B21/Cw1Cw4
C) A4A15/B2B27/Cw1Cw5
D) A5A9/B17B27/Cw3Cw5

Question 36

MHC class II antigens are recognized by which of the following cells?

A) CD4+ T cells
B) CD8+ T cells
C) B cells
D) macrophages

Question 37

MHC class II antigens are recognized by which of the following cells?

A) CD4+ T cells
B) CD8+ T cells
C) B cells
D) macrophages

Question 38

Which of the following best describes HLA class II molecules?

A) They interact with CD8+ T cells.
B) They have an alpha chain and beta-2 microglobulin.
C) They have alpha and beta chains of equal size.
D) They combine with antigen made inside the cell.