Deck 1: Introduction and Natural Immunity

Question 1

What is the name of the process by which phagocytic cells are attracted toward a substance such as complement fragment C3a?

A) diapedesis
B) degranulation
C) chemotaxis
D) opsonization

Answer 1

chemotaxis

Question 2

The function(s)of macrophages/monocytes in the host immune response is (are):

A) antigen presentation
B) phagocytosis
C) secretion of cytokines
D) all of these

Answer 2

all of these

Question 3

Eosinophils are involved in the immune response against:

A) viruses
B) intracellular bacteria
C) multicellular parasites
D) extracellular bacteria

Answer 3

multicellular parasites

Question 4

Which of the following is part of the external defense system?

A) ceruloplasmin
B) skin
C) neutrophils
D) complement

Question 5

Which of the following can be measured as an indicator of inflammation?

A) temperature
B) number of WBCs
C) erythrocyte sedimentation rate
D) two of these
E) all of these

Question 6

Neutrophils and macrophages use all of the following to kill bacteria EXCEPT:

A) H₂O₂
B) perforin
C) hydroxyl radical
D) lysozyme
E) superoxide anion

Question 7

The phagosome of a macrophage is a membrane-bound vesicle that contains:

A) enzymes
B) reactive oxygen intermediates
C) ingested bacteria
D) perforin and granzymes

Question 8

Oxidative killing involves which of the following?

A) perforin and granzymes
B) activation of complement
C) direct cytokine-mediated killing
D) formation of reactive oxygen intermediates

Question 9

Macrophages recognize target cells using which of the following?

A) MHC class II
B) mannose receptors
C) T-cell receptor
D) killer cell inhibitory receptors

Question 10

Which of the following are directly used in oxidative killing of target cells?

A) hydrogen peroxide
B) lysozyme
C) defensin
D) TNF-alpha

Question 11

A patient is tested for the presence of C-reactive protein and is found to have an elevated level.What does this indicate is taking place in the patient?

A) inflammation
B) nothing,the patient is normal
C) impossible to determine anything

Question 12

Which of the following are components of innate (natural)immunity?

A) immunoglobulin
B) T helper cells
C) macrophages
D) B cells

Question 13

The respiratory burst is:

A) an increase in oxygen consumption
B) pseudopodia extending around a particle
C) the release of granules from a cell
D) the sudden exhale of a cell

Question 14

Which is characteristic of natural immunity?

A) Memory is involved.
B) Lymphocytes play a major role.
C) It is very specific.
D) It depends on normally present body functions.

Question 15

A protein that only changes in concentration significantly in response to inflammation and is not detectable when there is no inflammation is called a/an:

A) reagin
B) immunoglobulin
C) complement protein
D) acute phase protein

Question 16

Acute phase reactants have been determined to be elevated in a patient.What does this result on its own indicate about the patient?

A) Inflammation of unknown cause is present.
B) Patient has a leukemia but not a lymphoma.
C) This is a normal result.
D) There is a parasitic infection and not a viral infection.

Question 17

Which of the following are considered to be an acute phase protein?

A) serum amyloid A
B) streptolysin O
C) cardiolipin
D) reagin

Question 18

Diapedesis is:

A) movement of cells in response to increasing concentration of a cytokine
B) attachment of immunoglobulin to target cells
C) cells squeezing through endothelial cells to leave the circulation
D) engulfment of target cells

Question 19

Which is a characteristic of circulating neutrophils (PMN)?

A) lyse cells with perforin
B) recognize antigen with an antigen-specific receptor
C) have surface receptors for Fc of IgG
D) have surface receptors for C5a

Question 20

The function(s)of macrophages/monocytes in the host immune response is (are):

A) antigen presentation
B) phagocytosis
C) secretion of cytokines
D) all of these

Question 21

All of the following occur during the process of inflammation EXCEPT:

A) increased capillary permeability
B) migration of basophils to tissue
C) increase in blood flow
D) swelling and pain

Question 22

All of the following are considered part of natural immunity EXCEPT:

A) eosinophils
B) lymphocytes
C) acute phase reactants
D) neutrophils

Question 23

Which substance best inactivates bacterial proteins?

A) NADP
B) oxygen
C) OCl^-
D) lactic acid

Question 24

Jenner's discovery that cowpox generated immunity against smallpox is based on the principle of:

A) attenuation of a harmful substance
B) natural immunity
C) passive immunity
D) cross-immunity

Question 25

Measurement of CRP levels could be used for which of the following?

A) to determine risk of a heart attack
B) to determine flare-up of rheumatoid arthritis
C) to detect an inflammatory process
D) all of the above

Question 26

What is the function of the acute phase protein haptoglobin?

A) acts as an opsonin
B) forms clots
C) binds hemoglobin
D) acts as a chemotaxin

Question 27

All of the following are characteristic of acute phase reactants EXCEPT:

A) increase rapidly in response to infection
B) used to diagnose a specific disease
C) enhance phagocytosis
D) promote inflammation

Question 28

Which of the following is true of NK cells?

A) They produce antibody.
B) They are capable of phagocytosis.
C) They have markers CD4 and CD16.
D) They kill tumor and virally infected cells.

Question 29

Acquired (adaptive)immunity can be characterized by which of the following?

A) nonspecific
B) immediate response
C) depends on neutrophils and macrophages
D) involves memory

Question 30

All of the following are considered part of natural immunity EXCEPT:

A) eosinophils
B) lymphocytes
C) acute phase reactants
D) neutrophils

Question 31

All of the following are characteristic of a lymph node EXCEPT:

A) filters drainage from tissues
B) colonized with T and B cells
C) between 1 and 25 mm in size
D) considered a primary or central lymphoid organ

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of acquired immunity?

A) Memory is involved.
B) Lymphocytes play a major role.
C) It is very specific.
D) It depends on normally present body functions.

Question 33

Which of the following acute phase reactants is an important clotting factor?

A) haptoglobin
B) ceruloplasmin
C) fibrinogen
D) alpha-2 macroglobulin

Question 34

Which of the following best explains the reaction that takes place in the latex agglutination slide test for CRP?

A) Latex particles are coated with anti-CRP.
B) Latex particles are coated with CRP.
C) Latex particles are nonspecifically bound.
D) CRP is acting as an antibody.

Question 35

What is the major function of C-reactive protein (CRP)?

A) acts as an opsonin
B) binds hemoglobin
C) causes vasodilation
D) helps to form clots

Question 36

Where does the immune response to foreign antigen in the tissue mainly occur?

A) lymph nodes
B) blood
C) bone marrow
D) skin

Question 37

A white blood cell that is 16 to 18 $\mu$ m in diameter,has a horseshoe-shaped nucleus,and is capable of further differentiation in the tissues best describes:

A) neutrophil
B) eosinophil
C) basophil
D) monocyte

Question 38

Neutrophils are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) found in the marginating pool in blood vessels
B) capable of diapedesis
C) granules stain bright orange with Wright stain
D) segmented nucleus

Question 39

Which of the following represents the best explanation for the action of natural killer (NK)cells?

A) They recognize specific antigen.
B) They kill if MHC class I is present.
C) They kill by releasing perforins.
D) They participate in phagocytosis.

Question 40

Which white cell in the peripheral blood migrates to the tissue to become a macrophage?

A) eosinophil
B) basophil
C) neutrophil
D) monocyte

Question 41

All of the following are part of the process of phagocytosis EXCEPT:

A) formation of a phagosome
B) creation of hypochlorite radicals
C) formation of fibrin clots
D) outflowing of cell cytoplasm

Question 42

All of the following are examples of natural immunity EXCEPT:

A) skin as a structural barrier
B) acute phase reactants
C) phagocytosis
D) antibodies

Question 43

If a slide test for CRP is positive,what does this indicate?

A) It is a nonspecific indicator of inflammation.
B) Patient has lupus.
C) Patient is immunocompromised.
D) Patient has a strep infection.

Question 44

All of the following are considered acute phase reactants EXCEPT:

A) fibrinogen
B) complement
C) C-reactive protein
D) TNF-alpha

Question 45

A white blood cell described as between 12 to 22 $\mu$ m with a large horseshoe-shaped nucleus that further differentiates in the tissue to become a macrophage best describes:

A) neutrophil
B) lymphocyte
C) basophil
D) monocyte

Question 46

Which of the following is considered part of the internal defense system?

A) cilia
B) mucous membranes
C) neutrophils
D) acidity of the skin

Question 47

Macrophages that migrate to the liver are called:

A) alveolar macrophages
B) histiocytes
C) microglial cells
D) Kupffer cells

Question 48

Acquired immunity can be characterized by which of the following?

A) nonspecific
B) immediate response
C) depends on neutrophils and macrophages
D) involves memory

Question 49

The ability to resist infection through normally present body functions best characterizes:

A) autoimmunity
B) natural immunity
C) acquired immunity
D) alloimmunity