Question 1

Which isotype of immunoglobulin is involved in a type I hypersensitivity?&#10;A) IgE&#10;B) IgA&#10;C) IgG&#10;D) IgM

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity involves the activation of IgE antibodies, which bind to mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other mediators causing symptoms such as itching, swelling, and anaphylaxis.

Question 2

Precipitation of immune complexes in small blood vessels under the skin that occurs when antigen is injected in an animal with large amounts of circulating antibody describes which of the following?&#10;A) serum sickness&#10;B) Arthus reaction&#10;C) anaphylaxis&#10;D) delayed hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

This describes the Arthus reaction, which is a type III hypersensitivity reaction characterized by the precipitation of immune complexes in small blood vessels under the skin when large amounts of circulating antibody encounter antigen. Serum sickness is another type of type III hypersensitivity reaction but is typically seen with the administration of foreign proteins or antibodies. Anaphylaxis is a type I hypersensitivity reaction characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms after exposure to antigen, while delayed hypersensitivity is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction that typically develops 24-72 hours after exposure to antigen.

Question 3

Type II hypersensitivity could involve all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) IgE cross-linking on the mast cell or basophile&#10;B) phagocytic cell degranulation and proteolytic enzyme activity&#10;C) a kidney membrane antigen and specific antibody&#10;D) natural killer cell activation and killing

Accepted Answer

Type II hypersensitivity does not involve IgE cross-linking on mast cells or basophils. Instead, it involves antibody-mediated destruction of cells, typically through phagocytic cell degranulation and proteolytic enzyme activity, or by activation of the complement system. Examples of type II hypersensitivity include autoimmune hemolytic anemia (where red blood cells are targeted by antibodies) or Goodpasture's syndrome (where antibodies attack kidney and lung tissue). Natural killer cell activation and killing is part of type I hypersensitivity, not type II.

Question 4

Hypersensitivities to poison ivy (catechol)and nickel are:&#10;A) mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies&#10;B) immunodeficiency diseases&#10;C) IgE responses to a hapten&#10;D) macrophage responses to a hapten

Accepted Answer

Hypersensitivities to poison ivy and nickel are examples of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions, which are mediated by T cells and macrophages responding to haptens, not antibodies.

Question 5

The principle difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions is the:&#10;A) isotype(s)of antibody involved&#10;B) complement-mediated lysis of host cells&#10;C) whether the antigen is cellular or soluble&#10;D) involvement of helper T cells and macrophages

Accepted Answer

The principle difference between type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions is the nature of the antigens involved. In type II hypersensitivity, the antigen is a cell surface or extracellular matrix component, leading to lysis or destruction of the host cell by complement or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In type III hypersensitivity, the antigen is a soluble molecule that forms immune complexes with antibodies, which deposit in tissues and activate complement, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. The isotype(s) of antibody involved (A) and the involvement of helper T cells and macrophages (D) are not specific to either type II or type III.

Question 6

A 5-year-old girl was rushed to the emergency department because she was having trouble breathing.She had been playing at the park when she fell down and her face and neck started to swell up.One of her friends thought that the girl might have been stung by a bee because a bee was flying around them and shortly before the girl fell to the ground,she had screamed.The girl had a large red bump on her cheek.This girl has:

A) Bruton's hypogammaglobulinemia
B) type I diabetes
C) type I hypersensitivity
D) type IV hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

The symptoms presented suggest that the girl is experiencing type I hypersensitivity, also known as an allergic reaction. The swelling of her face and neck, along with difficulty breathing, are classic signs of anaphylaxis, which is a severe form of allergic reaction. The presence of a red bump on her cheek is also consistent with a bee or insect sting. The other conditions listed, Bruton's hypogammaglobulinemia and type I diabetes, would not present with these symptoms. Type IV hypersensitivity is a delayed type of immune response that would not result in such rapid and severe symptoms.

Question 7

Which of the following occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn?&#10;A) buildup of IgE on Mom's cells&#10;B) Rh- Mom's exposure to Rh+ baby cells&#10;C) Rh+ Mom's exposure to Rh- baby cells&#10;D) baby must be Rh negative

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an Rh- mother is exposed to Rh+ fetal cells during pregnancy and produces antibodies against the Rh factor. These antibodies can then cross the placenta and attack the red blood cells of a subsequent Rh+ fetus, leading to hemolytic anemia.

Question 8

The radioimmunosorbent assay can be used for the diagnosis of which type of hypersensitivity?&#10;A) IV&#10;B) III&#10;C) II&#10;D) I

Accepted Answer

The radioimmunosorbent assay (RIA) is a type of immunoassay that can detect the presence of specific antigens or antibodies in a sample. It is commonly used in clinical settings to diagnose type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as allergies. In a RIA for allergies, a small amount of allergen is mixed with a person's blood sample and allowed to bind with specific IgE antibodies present in the sample. The mixture is then exposed to a radioactive or enzyme-labeled anti-IgE antibody. If the original sample contained IgE antibodies, the anti-IgE antibody will bind to the IgE-allergen complex, which can then be measured by the amount of radioactivity or color change produced by the enzyme. Therefore, the RIA is a useful tool for diagnosing type I hypersensitivity reactions.

Question 9

Immune injury resulting from the localization of immune complexes in blood vessels and tissues describes which hypersensitivity reaction?&#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

This describes type III hypersensitivity reaction, also known as immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity. In this type of reaction, immune complexes composed of antigens and antibodies deposit in tissues and blood vessels, leading to activation of complement and inflammation. This can result in tissue damage and various autoimmune diseases.

Question 10

The normal activity of a type I hypersensitivity response is protection primarily against which of the following?&#10;A) parasites&#10;B) viruses&#10;C) bacteria&#10;D) fungi

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity response is activated primarily to protect against parasites. It involves the activation of IgE antibodies, which bind to mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators to fight off the parasites. This response can also occur in response to allergens, resulting in allergic reactions such as hay fever or asthma.

Question 11

All of the following are involved in killing of large parasites EXCEPT:&#10;A) degranulation of mast cells&#10;B) action of eosinophil basic protein&#10;C) production of IgE&#10;D) activation of complement

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are involved in...

Question 12

Anaphylaxis is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) IgE-coated mast cells&#10;B) massive release of histamine&#10;C) bronchoconstriction&#10;D) circulating immune complexes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaphylaxis is characterized by all of the...

Question 13

Which of the following diseases is an example of a type II hypersensitivity?&#10;A) anaphylaxis&#10;B) myasthenia gravis&#10;C) post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis&#10;D) Bruton's agammaglobulinemia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following diseases is an...

Question 14

Anaphylactic reactions are mediated by:&#10;A) mast cells&#10;B) lymphocytes&#10;C) macrophages&#10;D) natural killer cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaphylactic reactions are mediated by:&#10;A) mast cells&#10;B)...

Question 15

Reaction to poison ivy is which type of hypersensitivity?&#10;A) I&#10;B) II&#10;C) III&#10;D) IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reaction to poison ivy is which type...

Question 16

A hypersensitivity reaction characterized by presence of IgG that reacts with soluble antigen best describes:&#10;A) type III hypersensitivity&#10;B) contact dermatitis&#10;C) type II hypersensitivity&#10;D) asthma

Accepted Answer

The answer of A hypersensitivity reaction characterized by presence of...

Question 17

Preformed mediators that are released during the activation phase of a type I hypersensitivity include which of the following?&#10;A) histamine&#10;B) cyclooxygenase&#10;C) leukotriene&#10;D) prostaglandin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Preformed mediators that are released during the...

Question 18

All of the hypersensitivity responses have which of the following in common?&#10;A) involvement of antibody&#10;B) asymptomatic sensitization phase&#10;C) release of histamine&#10;D) activation of macrophage

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the hypersensitivity responses have which...

Question 19

An example of a type III hypersensitivity is:&#10;A) myasthenia gravis&#10;B) allergic rhinitis&#10;C) contact sensitivity&#10;D) rheumatoid arthritis

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of a type III hypersensitivity...

Question 20

All of the following hypersensitivity reactions involve activation of complement EXCEPT:&#10;A) allergic reactions&#10;B) hemolytic disease of the newborn&#10;C) autoimmune hemolytic anemia&#10;D) serum sickness

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following hypersensitivity reactions involve...

Question 21

Reasons for autoimmunity include all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) antibody that cross-reacts with self-antigens&#10;B) inheritance of certain MHC antigens&#10;C) molecular mimicry&#10;D) deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes during maturation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reasons for autoimmunity include all of the...

Question 22

An exaggerated reaction directed against an antigen that is harmless is called:&#10;A) atopy&#10;B) hypersensitivity&#10;C) immune complex disease&#10;D) passive cutaneous anaphylaxis

Accepted Answer

The answer of An exaggerated reaction directed against an antigen...

Question 23

To determine if a patient is allergic to peanuts,the best test to perform is:&#10;A) RAST&#10;B) RIST&#10;C) serum protein electrophoresis&#10;D) RID to measure IgG

Accepted Answer

The answer of To determine if a patient is allergic...

Question 24

T cell-dependent hypersensitivity occurs:&#10;A) 24 to 72 hours after exposure to the antigen&#10;B) immediately after exposure to the antigen&#10;C) 5 to 7 days after contact with antigen&#10;D) 1 to 4 hours after contact with antigen

Accepted Answer

The answer of T cell-dependent hypersensitivity occurs:&#10;A) 24 to 72...

Question 25

Complement is responsible for tissue damage in which of the following reactions?&#10;A) immediate hypersensitivity&#10;B) type III hypersensitivity&#10;C) delayed hypersensitivity&#10;D) anaphylaxis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complement is responsible for tissue damage in...

Question 26

All of the following are characteristic of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia EXCEPT:&#10;A) The antibody responsible is IgG.&#10;B) It is usually in older patients.&#10;C) The antibody reacts as an anti-I.&#10;D) The reaction is only seen at cold temperatures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are characteristic of...

Question 27

A positive DAT test might indicate which of the following?&#10;A) autoimmune hemolytic anemia&#10;B) allergic reaction&#10;C) mismatch of a transplant&#10;D) rheumatoid arthritis

Accepted Answer

The answer of A positive DAT test might indicate which...

Question 28

Anaphylaxis is characterized by which of the following?&#10;A) degranulation of mast cells&#10;B) production of IgG&#10;C) T-cell mediators&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaphylaxis is characterized by which of the...

Question 29

Which of the following is a test for antibody to a specific allergen?&#10;A) RAST&#10;B) RPR&#10;C) RIST&#10;D) RID

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a test...

Question 30

The immune mechanism involved in contact dermatitis is which of the following?&#10;A) presence of circulating IgE&#10;B) deposition of immune complexes&#10;C) activation of complement&#10;D) sensitization of cytotoxic T cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of The immune mechanism involved in contact dermatitis...

Question 31

Complement is responsible for tissue damage in which of the following reactions?&#10;A) immediate hypersensitivity&#10;B) cytotoxic reactions&#10;C) delayed hypersensitivity&#10;D) anaphylaxis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complement is responsible for tissue damage in...

Question 32

Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example of which type of hypersensitivity?&#10;A) immediate&#10;B) type II&#10;C) type III&#10;D) type IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example...

Question 33

In a direct antiglobulin test,what is being detected?&#10;A) in vivo attachment of antibodies to red blood cells&#10;B) allergic reaction&#10;C) passive agglutination&#10;D) naturally occurring antibodies

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a direct antiglobulin test,what is being...

Question 34

Which is true of immediate hypersensitivity reactions?&#10;A) Histamine is released from mast cells.&#10;B) Antigen must bind to two IgE molecules.&#10;C) Eosinophil chemotactic factor is released.&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is true of immediate hypersensitivity reactions?&#10;A)...

Question 35

The PPD reaction to determine exposure to tuberculosis is based on which of the following?&#10;A) formation of antigen-antibody complexes&#10;B) an immediate hypersensitivity reaction&#10;C) a sensitized T-cell response&#10;D) a type II hypersensitivity reaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of The PPD reaction to determine exposure to...

Deck 13: Hypersensitivity