Deck 11: International Law and Norms

Question 1

What are secondary rules?

A)Less important international laws
B)The powers and processes by which primary rules are made and changed
C)Rules dealing with communication and transportation
D)Rules that are not concerned with war but with areas such as economics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The International Criminal Court's (ICC's)role and existence indicates that concepts about crimes against humanity are enshrined in:

A)international law.
B)international norms.
C)domestic law.
D)domestic norms.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following would be an example of a secondary rule in the World Trade Organization?

A)States must not discriminate between imported and domestically produced goods in the World Trade Organization.
B)States must grant all other member states most-favored-nation status in the World Trade Organization.
C)Only sovereign states can bind themselves to the World Trade Organization.
D)States must provide stable exchange rates in the International Monetary Fund.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following best describes The Responsibility to Protect (R2P)norm?

A)States can legitimately intervene in the internal affairs of other states when there are economic interests at stake.
B)States can legitimately intervene in the internal affairs of another state that is failing to protect its citizens from widespread human rights abuses.
C)The international community can never intervene in the internal affairs of another state.
D)Only neighboring states can intervene in the internal affairs of their neighbors.

Question 5

Customary international law is different from normal international law in that it:

A)is more optional compared to other kinds of international law.
B)is more about etiquette and proper diplomatic behavior.
C)is often developed over time as acceptable practices evolve.
D)deals with issues of culture,as opposed to economic or political issues.

Question 6

How is international law created?

A)It is created through the senate of the United Nations.
B)It is ratified by at least three international organizations.
C)It is created through state interactions,customs,and conventions.
D)The most powerful state in the international system determines what is and is not law.

Question 7

Once an international treaty is negotiated,what step must states take for it to impose a constraint on state behavior?

A)States must consent to renegotiation of the treaty periodically.
B)States must ratify the treaty.
C)States must consent to the authority of the United Nations.
D)States must secure funding to implement the treaty.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a principle in the Geneva Conventions?

A)States exercise their own discretion in their use of interrogation of prisoners of war.
B)States need not distinguish between civilians and combatants during war.
C)Captured soldiers do not need to be given access to a judicial remedy.
D)Soldiers should not kill or injure an enemy who surrenders.

Question 9

If a state had to change its domestic laws to avoid being charged with crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court,the state might suggest that those particular international laws are:

A)high obligation.
B)consistent with domestic interests.
C)low obligation.
D)precise.

Question 10

Crimes against humanity went from being ________ to being ________ with the adoption of the Rome Statute.

A)normal international law; an international norm
B)customary international law; normal international law
C)customary international law; an international norm
D)an international norm; customary international law

Question 11

Diplomatic immunity started as:

A)customary international law.
B)an international norm.
C)an international organization.
D)domestic law.

Question 12

How were the Rwandan genocide and civil war concluded?

A)A major power militarily intervened into the conflict and ended it in favor of one side.
B)The United Nations intervened and forced a settlement between the warring parties.
C)The two sides eventually came to a mutually accepted agreement.
D)One of the sides eventually won the conflict.

Question 13

The International Criminal Court fundamentally violates:

A)human rights.
B)state sovereignty.
C)international law.
D)international norms about jurisprudence.

Question 14

The Geneva Conventions address:

A)the appropriate treatment of civilians and captured soldiers during times of war.
B)the timeliness with which states must respond to allegations of crimes against humanity.
C)the banning of chemical,biological,nuclear,and other particularly hazardous weapons.
D)the use of landmines in civilian areas.

Question 15

Obligation refers to:

A)state contributions to international law.
B)how important one state is to another.
C)how many international laws uphold a particular international regime.
D)how legally bound states are to an international rule.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of international law?

A)International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty
B)UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
C)The Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
D)Arusha Accords

Question 17

International norms are what countries:

A)want other countries to do for them.
B)need other countries to do for them.
C)believe to be appropriate for other countries to do.
D)demand that other countries do,often with the use of force.

Question 18

The international standard of "Responsibility to Protect" is best described as an international:

A)law.
B)norm.
C)court.
D)treaty.

Question 19

How is international law different from other forms of international institutions?

A)It is a body of rules that regulate behavior.
B)It is more likely to be followed than an international organization.
C)It is more likely to have the backing of an international hegemon.
D)It cannot be ignored by states like other international institutions.

Question 20

If a state can ignore a set of international laws without any international repercussions,it suggests that the set of international laws are:

A)high obligation.
B)consistent with domestic interests.
C)low obligation.
D)precise.

Question 21

Constitutive norms are primarily concerned with ________ a particular situation.

A)proper behavior by actors in
B)the institutions that matter for
C)which actors are considered to be legitimate actors for
D)how decisions are made about

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of the selection problem in international relations?

A)A repressive state signs a human rights treaty requiring significant changes to the state's human rights practices.
B)A state with strong women's rights protections signs the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
C)A state with few environmental regulations signs the Kyoto Protocol.
D)A state that has signed many other international treaties joins an environmental treaty.

Question 23

Precision in international law is concerned with the specificity of:

A)legal obligations.
B)which states are party to a treaty.
C)the norms through which the law operates.
D)secondary rules.

Question 24

What is an argument for international law being ineffective?

A)Most states follow laws most of the time.
B)Few states violate international law.
C)Only international organizations are bound by international law; other actors are not subject to international law.
D)International law reflects state interests and does not actually alter the behavior of states.

Question 25

What is one example of state failure to comply with international law as a result of lack of capacity?

A)Compliance with the Geneva Conventions is difficult because states do not have adequate control over the behavior of their soldiers in the battlefield.
B)Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol is difficult because states do not understand the treaty's requirements.
C)Compliance with the World Trade Organization is difficult because states do not equally share the benefits of cooperation.
D)Compliance with the International Monetary Fund is difficult because of the unequal voting arrangement in the organization.

Question 26

Which of the following is a characteristic of hard law?

A)Low obligation
B)Vague
C)High delegation
D)Low enforcement

Question 27

International norms are best described as:

A)rules in the international system that only a few states follow.
B)informal standards of behavior specifying what is accepted as right or appropriate.
C)expectations that only exist between developed countries.
D)bureaucratic rules governing interactions among states.

Question 28

International agreements about ________ issues are most likely to have enforcement provisions.

A)economic and human rights
B)human rights and security
C)security and environmental
D)economic and security

Question 29

A new 300-page treaty on banning the practice of whaling is most likely to be:

A)precise.
B)imprecise.
C)low obligation.
D)high obligation.

Question 30

What is NOT a factor in determining the difference between hard and soft law?

A)Obligation
B)Precision
C)Delegation
D)Relative power

Question 31

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of a soft law?

A)Adherence to it is mandatory.
B)Oversight and enforcement is delegated to third parties.
C)The obligations of the law are vague or unclear.
D)Nonstate actors are held accountable by the law.

Question 32

How are international laws typically enforced?

A)The World Court adjudicates all international laws.
B)The International Criminal Court adjudicates all international laws.
C)International law is only enforced when the Security Council chooses to enforce it.
D)International law is primarily enforced through the principle of self-help.

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of a compliance constituency?

A)Export industries in France pushing the nation to follow the laws of the World Trade Organization to keep the country in good standing
B)The United States using trade as leverage with less developed countries to ensure they adhere to international environmental standards
C)A president getting elected in the United States on a platform of becoming a member of the International Criminal Court and following its laws
D)The UN Security Council enforcing international law upon UN members

Question 34

A new international treaty that only says that states are required to reduce international pollution,but does not specify how or by how much,is best described as:

A)precise.
B)imprecise.
C)low delegation.
D)high obligation.

Question 35

Why are international laws typically followed by states?

A)Regimes would face harsh consequences if they did not follow international law.
B)International law rarely goes against what a state would already have wanted to do.
C)States tend to fear international punishment for not following international law.
D)The potential rewards from future cooperation encourage states to follow international law today.

Question 36

What is an advantage to the adoption of soft law?

A)Soft law is easier to achieve and offers flexibility when the future is uncertain.
B)Soft law ensures greater enforcement of treaty provisions.
C)Soft law ensures that states understand treaty provisions clearly.
D)Soft law ensures that only the most committed states join a treaty.

Question 37

What role do domestic courts play in enforcing international law?

A)Once ratified,treaties are enforced by domestic courts in the same way as domestic laws.
B)Strong domestic courts give domestic laws precedence,meaning international law may not be enforced by some domestic courts.
C)Domestic courts can overturn international treaty ratification.
D)Domestic courts have little ability to enforce international law because they cannot appeal to international law in legal interpretations.

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of low delegation in international law?

A)The European Court of Justice enforcing the law of the European Union
B)The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade dispute settlement body permitting national vetoes of decisions
C)The International Criminal Court prosecuting an individual for crimes against humanity
D)The International Court of Justice enforcing a ruling on a territorial dispute

Question 39

Which of the following represents an example of reciprocity as a means of enforcement of international law?

A)A state is unlikely to comply with the Geneva Conventions because treaty obligations regarding the treatment of prisoners of war are imprecise.
B)A state is only likely to comply with the Convention against Torture when it is given the resources to effectively monitor state agents.
C)A state is likely to comply with the Geneva Conventions by treating prisoners of war humanely because violation would likely result in the state's own POWs being treated poorly.
D)A state is likely to honor an alliance commitment because a violation would damage the state's reputation as reliable.

Question 40

Delegation in international law refers to:

A)how much power is given to the legislature of a country.
B)how much power is given to the president of a country.
C)how much control is given to third parties.
D)how long a treaty is in effect.

Question 41

How are TANs effective in acting as monitors for international norms and agreements?

A)TANs can provide information about compliance to concerned parties.
B)TANs are composed of media bodies that can widely distribute information about bad practices.
C)TANs can punish states for not adhering to a norm.
D)TANs typically act as judicial bodies,where acts of noncompliance are brought to them to be verified.

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of a regulative norm?

A)Weighted voting in the International Monetary Fund
B)The nuclear taboo
C)Respect for the rights of immigrants
D)State provision of resources for states facing natural disasters

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a member of a transnational advocacy network?

A)Belgium
B)Greenpeace
C)World Trade Organization
D)Organization of American States

Question 44

Why does scientific and technical knowledge seldom translate directly into policy change?

A)Less developed countries do not have adequate scientific and technical knowledge to encourage policy change.
B)Groups negatively affected by policy change often mobilize to influence governmental decisions.
C)Scientific and technical information is usually not distributed widely enough to spark mobilization.
D)Groups negatively affected by policy change often face collective action problems,making mobilization difficult.

Question 45

Which of the following best describes the boomerang model?

A)TANs appeal to nongovernmental organizations in an undemocratic state to pressure their government to change.
B)The harsh policies implemented by an authoritarian state backfire by creating mass domestic opposition.
C)Nongovernmental organizations in a state contact transnational organizations,which bring pressure on their governments to change policies.
D)A state's criticism of other states' offenses opens itself up to domestic criticism of its own abuses.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of the boomerang process?

A)NGOs in Myanmar appeal to NGOs in Norway through the TAN to pressure the government of Myanmar to better protect the rights of its citizens.
B)NGOs in Norway work with NGOs in Sweden through the TAN to ensure better human rights protection in both states.
C)NGOs work with the United Nations to secure ratification of an international treaty.
D)NGOs in Sweden appeal to NGOs in Turkey through the TAN to pressure the government of Sweden to better protect the rights of its citizens.

Question 47

In the boomerang model,________ organizations use TANs to bring pressure on ________.

A)international; nongovernmental organizations
B)nongovernmental; neighboring governments
C)international; violators of international norms
D)nongovernmental; their own governments

Question 48

Procedural norms are primarily concerned with ________ a particular situation.

A)proper behavior by actors in
B)the institutions that matter for
C)which actors are considered to be legitimate actors for
D)how decisions are made about

Question 49

TANs act as endorsers in all of the following ways except:

A)TANs provide cheap information shortcuts about international agreements.
B)TANs reduce uncertainty about international agreements for politicians,who may be suspicious of the possible effects of the agreement.
C)TANs are trusted when they are seen as principled actors with strong normative beliefs.
D)States often approve international agreements on the basis of their own criteria and not because of a TAN's advocacy.

Question 50

How are norms created in the international system?

A)By two states establishing a treaty
B)When an international institution proposes a set of radical procedures for states to follow
C)When a sufficiently large number of states agree upon expectations of behavior
D)When a hegemon declares something to be morally right or justified

Question 51

Which of the following best describes the three-stage norms life cycle?

A)Norm entrepreneurs frame the issue and garner support for the norm,the norm is internalized by international actors,and then a norm cascade occurs.
B)The norm is internalized by international actors,a norm cascade occurs,and then norm entrepreneurs frame the issue to garner support for the norm.
C)A norm cascade occurs and reaches a tipping point,norm entrepreneurs frame the issue to garner support for the norm,and then the norm is internalized by international actors.
D)Norm entrepreneurs frame the issue and garner support for the norm,a norm cascade occurs,and then norms are internalized by international actors.

Question 52

When are norms easiest to identify in the international system?

A)When states are following the norms
B)When states are violating norms
C)When there is an established international organization pushing for the norm
D)When the international hegemon identifies a norm as being important

Question 53

Of the following,which is the most deeply internalized norm?

A)Responsibility to protect
B)Prohibition on slavery
C)Protections of women's rights
D)Election monitoring

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a method through which transnational advocacy networks (TANs)aim to bring about political and social change?

A)Social mobilization
B)Violence
C)Changes in social norms
D)Political pressure on governments

Question 55

Which frame was most successful for the women's rights movement in the 1990s?

A)Violations of women's rights are a form of gender discrimination.
B)Women's rights are necessary for equal economic development for all.
C)Violence against women represents a key women's rights issue.
D)Violations of women's rights are violations of human rights.

Question 56

What is an example of a norm entrepreneur?

A)A president of France declaring that France will lower tariffs on all agricultural products from former colonies
B)An organization holding a conference in which actors discuss mechanisms to better protect women from violence globally
C)India and China agreeing to stop all conflict along their borders
D)The United States declaring an international war against terrorism

Question 57

Regulative norms are primarily concerned with ________ a particular situation.

A)proper behavior by actors in
B)the institutions that matter for
C)which actors are considered to be legitimate actors for
D)how decisions are made about

Question 58

Which of the following best represents the use of "naming and shaming" by TANs to get a state to comply with a norm?

A)The International Monetary Fund requires Jamaica to adopt austerity measures.
B)A human rights nongovernmental organization (NGO)publishes and widely disseminates a report on violations of human rights in Egypt.
C)An environmental NGO discusses China's environmental policy in a private meeting with Chinese officials.
D)Several NGOs face repression in Russia and leave the country.

Question 59

Why would a state want a TAN to monitor another state's compliance instead of doing the monitoring itself?

A)TANs usually have better expertise about international relations than states.
B)States are better off delegating tasks to nonstate actors,as nonstate actors can better represent states' interests.
C)Monitoring is costly and it is therefore less expensive if a TAN monitors state behavior.
D)States have more control over TANs than they do their own bureaucracies.

Question 60

The constituent actors of transnational networks may include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)local social movements.
B)foundations and other philanthropic organizations.
C)the media.
D)states.

Question 61

What are the three categories of norms? Give an example of each type of norm.

Question 62

Describe the selection problem in international relations.Why does the selection problem make it difficult to assess the influence of international law on state behavior?

Question 63

Why is an effective frame important for norm entrepreneurs when advocating for and endorsing new norms? Provide an example of an effective frame.

Question 64

How do TANs act as endorsers of international agreements?

Question 65

What kinds of international laws are most effective? Discuss soft and hard types of law in your answer.

Question 66

What role do TANs play in changing minds and altering interests?

Question 67

What is international law and what types of rules constitute international law? Give an example of each type of rule.

Question 68

Describe and explain some of the ways that international law is enforced.

Question 69

What are two ways in which international law is created? Give an example of each mechanism.

Question 70

Describe the role of TANs in the boomerang model of influence.Give an example of the boomerang model.

Question 71

What is the norms life cycle? Give an example of a norm going through the stages of the norms life cycle.

Question 72

How do TANs help monitor compliance with international agreements?

Question 73

What are norms and how do norms affect behavior? Give an example of a norm in international relations and discuss the extent to which the norm is internalized.

Question 74

Why would states want to give up part of their sovereignty by ratifying an international law or following an international norm?

Question 75

How do transnational advocacy networks (TANs)enforce compliance with norms?