Deck 14: The Future of International Politics

Question 1

Which of the following states has played the smallest role in the construction of the postwar order?

A)The United States
B)Great Britain
C)China
D)France

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The broad appeal of the postwar order lies in its:

A)even distribution of economic and political benefits.
B)decrease in civil violence.
C)preservation of prewar political institutions.
D)reduction of interstate war.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is the most important requirement for mutual nuclear deterrence between two countries to work successfully?

A)Both countries have few nuclear weapons.
B)The countries interact frequently with each other.
C)Both leaders are democratically elected.
D)Both leaders care about the survival of their countries.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following strategies would a country use to ensure that it has a survivable second-strike force?

A)Devote a large portion of its budget to training soldiers
B)Put weapons on submarines
C)Create fallout shelters in major cities
D)Build strong defenses on its borders

Question 5

What does it mean to possess a survivable second-strike force?

A)A country can hold soldiers and weapons in reserve for a second assault.
B)A country can wage two wars at one time.
C)A country can protect its citizens from major harm during an attack.
D)A country can inflict unacceptable damage on an enemy after being attacked.

Question 6

Which of the following countries possessed nuclear weapons but gave them up?

A)Brazil
B)Ukraine
C)France
D)Israel

Question 7

Despite the contribution of the postwar order to global prosperity,some states wish to challenge it because they:

A)would like to claim a share of the benefits that more closely matches their power.
B)disapprove the harmful treatment of the most powerful states in international institutions.
C)see the reduction of trade and capital flows as a means of creating more wealth.
D)want to take a greater role than the United States in promoting democracy.

Question 8

Why might nuclear proliferation cause peace?

A)There is a strong norm against starting a nuclear war.
B)Countries with nuclear weapons will have no conflicts with other countries.
C)Nuclear powers such as the United States can threaten to punish states that start wars.
D)Possessing nuclear weapons increases the costs of war.

Question 9

The effect of superpower competition in shaping the postwar order is best seen in:

A)the original composition of the permanent membership of the UN Security Council.
B)consistent U.S.promotion of democracy in Latin America during the Cold War.
C)the original membership of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
D)conflict between the United States and the European Union over agricultural subsidies.

Question 10

If two states possess nuclear weapons,but neither side possesses second-strike capability,what effect does this have on relations between the two countries?

A)The countries should be more capable of resolving their differences since they will now have the interests of nuclear powers,distinct from those countries that rely on conventional weapons.
B)The two states are more likely to be bitter rivals,since nuclear states are typically irrational.
C)The lack of second-strike capability makes first strikes more rewarding and may make nuclear war more likely.
D)It will likely not have an effect,as conventional forces can readily serve as second-strike forces to any nuclear attack.

Question 11

Which feature of terrorist organizations makes deterrence less difficult?

A)Many terrorists are willing to die for their cause.
B)It can take a long time to determine who committed a terrorist attack.
C)Terrorists,while extremist,are often rational.
D)Terrorist groups often do not have fixed locations.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios would threaten the success of mutual nuclear deterrence?

A)The leader of Pakistan becomes suicidal.
B)France doubles the size of its nuclear arsenal.
C)The United States puts ballistic missiles on train cars that move around the country.
D)Russia increases the strength of the silos holding its nuclear missiles.

Question 13

Which of the following is a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)?

A)An unmanned drone
B)A Sherman tank
C)Chemical mustard gas
D)A satellite

Question 14

Deterrence works because:

A)it makes the costs of war far larger than the potential benefits.
B)international institutions enforce deterrence as a matter of policy.
C)second-strike capability is unnecessary.
D)it relies on the natural irrationality of leaders.

Question 15

An example of a challenge to the postwar order is:

A)Poland's accession to the European Union.
B)China's admission into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
C)Iran's signing of the six power nuclear deal.
D)India's lobbying for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.

Question 16

If two states possess nuclear weapons and credibly commit to using them in a second strike,what effect does this have on bargaining between the two parties?

A)It should have no real effect on bargaining,as it is a uniform increase to costs.
B)The potential benefit for either side winning the war increases dramatically.
C)It expands the range of acceptable bargains for both parties and should make war less likely.
D)It should make neither side willing to bargain,as launching nuclear weapons is much cheaper than fighting a conventional war.

Question 17

The rate of countries joining the nuclear weapons club has:

A)slowed since 1945.
B)increased since 1945.
C)been constant since 1945.
D)slowed and then become negative since 1945.

Question 18

How many states possess nuclear weapons at the present time?

A)6
B)9
C)12
D)15

Question 19

Which of the following suggests that nuclear proliferation may not destabilize international relations?

A)The rising importance of nonstate actors
B)Conventional war between India and Pakistan in 1999
C)Rapid shifts in the distribution of power
D)U.S.invasion of Iraq in 2003

Question 20

Why have weapons of mass destruction (WMD)become easier to acquire?

A)The norm against acquiring WMD has become less accepted.
B)The knowledge of how to make WMD has become easier to obtain.
C)Countries with WMD have become more likely to sell the weapons to other countries.
D)Countries have stopped funding the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of coercive disarmament?

A)The European Union imposed sanctions on Iran because of its nuclear program.
B)British intelligence blocked circulation of technical manuals describing how to make nuclear weapons.
C)Israel destroyed Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor.
D)U.S.customs agents confiscated nuclear triggers destined for Syria.

Question 22

Why is the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)a compromise between nuclear and non-nuclear weapons states?

A)Non-nuclear weapons states abiding by the treaty eventually may be allowed by nuclear powers to develop small nuclear capabilities of their own.
B)Nuclear weapons states keep their nuclear power plants while other states get assistance in developing environmentally friendly non-nuclear sources of energy.
C)Nuclear weapons states can continue underground nuclear weapons testing while other states experience less pollution because of the ban on aboveground testing.
D)Nuclear powers keep their nuclear weapons while other states get assistance in developing nuclear energy.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of how the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)monitors compliance?

A)Officials from the International Atomic Energy Agency impose economic sanctions on North Korea.
B)Officials from the International Atomic Energy Agency inspect nuclear facilities in North Korea.
C)Officials in the Central Intelligence Agency use satellite photos to analyze possible nuclear facilities in Iran.
D)The World Trade Organization keeps track of the exchange of nuclear materials between countries.

Question 24

When is a country most likely to acquire nuclear weapons?

A)When its neighbor tests a nuclear weapon
B)When the major countries all have nuclear weapons
C)When it wants to promote faster economic development with spin-off technology
D)When it wants to have more influence in international negotiations

Question 25

How did nuclear weapons help lead to the Long Peace?

A)Other nations worked to keep both sides in check to prevent the use of nuclear weapons.
B)Peace was maintained through international monitoring of nuclear weapon stocks.
C)Both powers spent so much money on developing new nuclear technologies that they could not afford war.
D)Because both powers had second-strike capability,neither was willing to attack the other.

Question 26

How many states do not currently have nuclear weapons but do have the technology and knowledge to acquire them quickly?

A)3
B)16
C)20
D)36

Question 27

What is known as the "Long Peace"?

A)The special relationship and alliance between the United States and Great Britain
B)The relative infrequency of war between states in South America
C)The fact that there has never been a nuclear war
D)The absence of a great power war during U.S.and Soviet ascendance

Question 28

Why was the rising power of the United States beginning in the nineteenth century peacefully accommodated by the international system?

A)The United States and the other major powers at the time faced a common threat in Germany.
B)Other major powers had nuclear weapons and could rely on deterrence to protect them from the United States.
C)The United States became the predominant power too quickly for other states to react.
D)The United States and Great Britain had no conflict with each other.

Question 29

The nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)is a treaty that:

A)allows countries that already have nuclear weapons to keep them indefinitely.
B)has required countries to eliminate their nuclear weapons before signing the treaty.
C)prohibits aboveground testing of nuclear weapons.
D)bans the transfer of all nuclear technology.

Question 30

According to the textbook,which country is likely to become the next global superpower in the twenty-first century?

A)Russia
B)India
C)Brazil
D)China

Question 31

Which of the following is the superior strategy for preventing terrorists from obtaining WMD?

A)The United States declares that it will retaliate massively against any terrorists that use WMD.
B)The European Union negotiates with terrorist organizations to convince them the costs of using WMD are higher than the gains they will obtain.
C)The International Atomic Energy Agency promotes the norm of WMD nonproliferation.
D)The International Atomic Energy Agency helps countries make their nuclear facilities more secure.

Question 32

Why is coercive disarmament a difficult strategy to pursue?

A)Economic sanctions take a long time before they are effective.
B)Information about nuclear technology is easy to obtain.
C)States only respond to threats from stronger forces.
D)States hide and shield their nuclear facilities from attack.

Question 33

The ebb and flow of power is primarily tied to what two concepts?

A)Technology and the number of states in the system
B)Technology and economic development
C)Communication and military power
D)Sovereignty and military power

Question 34

What is a strategy for the United States to contain China's rise?

A)Insist that China abide by WTO trade rules
B)Use American foreign direct investment to penetrate the Chinese market
C)Work to increase Chinese importation of U.S.goods to lower the trade deficit
D)Create alliances with Southeast Asian and East Asian countries

Question 35

Which of the following is a reason that states violate the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)?

A)The NPT has no formal mechanism for monitoring compliance.
B)Security Council rules make enforcement through sanctions less likely.
C)Violators have the support of strong allies who will protect them with their own nuclear deterrents.
D)NPT standards of what constitutes a violation are unclear.

Question 36

Which country has offensively used nuclear weapons?

A)The Soviet Union
B)The United States
C)The People's Republic of China
D)India

Question 37

Which of the following best illustrates the difficulties of coercive disarmament?

A)Israel's bombing of the Osirak reactor in 1981
B)The nuclear deal with North Korea
C)U.S.cyberattacks on Iran's Natanz enrichment site
D)U.S.involvement in the civil war that killed Qaddafi

Question 38

Why is the rise of a new major power potentially dangerous?

A)Peripheral powers are uniformly in favor of the existing system.
B)The declining power has no incentive to avoid conflict.
C)The rising power cannot commit not to revise current bargains in the future.
D)Existing institutions cannot be reshaped to accommodate new distributions of power.

Question 39

Which period of transition between great powers was considered to be a peaceful transition?

A)The rise of Sparta and decline of Athens
B)The rise of England and decline of France
C)The rise of Germany in the 1900s
D)The rise of the United States and decline of Great Britain

Question 40

Where has the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty been least successful?

A)Former Soviet states
B)Iran
C)Brazil
D)Argentina

Question 41

Which of the following is the best example of economic globalization?

A)Workers protest for a higher minimum wage.
B)Brazil sells oil to Japanese manufacturers.
C)American culture spreads throughout the world.
D)Millions of acres of rain forest are cut down for development.

Question 42

Why does economic globalization face a populist backlash?

A)Concern over the immobility of capital relative to labor
B)Inability to create sufficient benefits to compensate potential losers
C)Greater economic insecurity due to capital flows
D)Rapid policy change from the Doha Round talks

Question 43

Why was there support for China's membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A)Many expected China to run large trade deficits.
B)China had packed the WTO with its supporters.
C)Many people thought that membership in the WTO would decrease the costs of war.
D)Many people thought that joining the WTO would increase China's costs for challenging the status quo.

Question 44

Historically,populist movements tend to be:

A)closely associated with the extreme right wing.
B)skeptical of corrupt elites.
C)located only in industrial democracies.
D)insistent on the protection of private property.

Question 45

Which of the following political activities would the Stolper-Samuelson theorem predict?

A)Steelworkers in Gary supporting the GATT
B)Air conditioner manufacturers in Indianapolis opposing NAFTA
C)Textile workers in South Carolina opposing China's membership in the WTO
D)Coal miners in West Virginia opposing emissions restrictions

Question 46

In which of the following is the backlash against globalization by those in developing countries best seen?

A)The outcome of the Doha Round talks
B)The result of the Brexit vote
C)Reaction to the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on developing economies
D)Recent developments in the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations

Question 47

Which would be the best strategy for the United States in dealing with China,given the pessimistic view of its rise in power?

A)Reducing the commitment to defend Taiwan
B)Decreasing ties with Vietnam
C)Encourage China's work with the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
D)Reducing China's access to the U.S.market

Question 48

Which of the following policies favoring the economic losers from globalization would the winners be most likely to support?

A)Tariffs on steel imports
B)Job retraining for textile workers
C)Subsidies for agricultural products
D)Restrictions on capital movements

Question 49

What is an area to which the term "globalization" does NOT typically refer?

A)Communication
B)Technology
C)Transportation
D)Environment

Question 50

According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem,which of the following in a rich country would be most likely to oppose globalization?

A)Agricultural workers
B)Bankers
C)Investors
D)Internet companies

Question 51

Which of the following helped intensify populist movements in Europe?

A)Dissatisfaction with U.S.efforts in the civil war in Libya
B)Costs associated with financial bailouts from the 2008 global financial crisis
C)Concern that the European Union needed greater power over immigration laws
D)Gains generated by the single market

Question 52

The U.S.preference for engagement with China has been driven by which of the following factors?

A)Absence of concern about human rights abuses by the Chinese government
B)Business pressure to gain access to China's market
C)Taiwanese pressure for the United States to maintain relations
D)Lack of domestic concern about the impact of the trade deficit

Question 53

Which of the following is an indicator that China intends to revise the international system?

A)Rapid economic growth
B)Its bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics
C)Chinese inclusion in the IMF and World Bank
D)The One China policy

Question 54

Compared to developed countries,the backlash against globalization in the developing world has been:

A)less intense due to mitigation by democratic institutions.
B)more intense due to stronger unions.
C)less intense due to insulation from capital movements.
D)more intense due to weaker social safety nets.

Question 55

Which of the following is most responsible for recent waves of migration to the United States and Europe?

A)Rising foreign direct investment in the developing world
B)Increasing trade flows worldwide
C)Political instability in developing countries
D)WTO rules favoring free movement of labor

Question 56

Research suggests that the most valid concern of those who fear immigration is:

A)cultural adjustments.
B)fewer jobs.
C)government budgets.
D)lower wages.

Question 57

Which of these models suggests that globalization produces conflicts along sector lines in the short run?

A)Ricardo-Viner
B)Baumol-Tobin
C)Stolper-Samuelson
D)Heckscher-Ohlin

Question 58

What is a fear that political scientists have about the relationship between globalization and income inequality?

A)Globalization seems to cause income distribution to become more unequal within all countries.
B)Globalization seems to cause income to become more equal within all countries.
C)Globalization seems to cause a slight increase in income inequality within developing countries.
D)Globalization seems to cause a slight increase in income inequality within developed countries.

Question 59

In which of the following ways has the United States responded to China?

A)The United States has created an East Asian version of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
B)The United States has maintained bases in East Asia.
C)The United States has isolated Vietnam.
D)The United States has blocked China's membership in the World Trade Organization.

Question 60

What period marked a reverse in globalization?

A)The nineteenth century
B)Pre-World War I
C)The interwar period
D)The Cold War

Question 61

How might the postwar order be altered to accommodate a shifting distribution of power in the international system?

Question 62

Why might coercive disarmament be difficult to accomplish in the case of Al Qaeda attempting to acquire nuclear weapons?

Question 63

In what ways is the current level of globalization likely to be robust to populist backlash against it?

Question 64

What historical evidence suggests that China's rise might lead to conflict? What evidence suggests it might be peaceful?

Question 65

How do international institutions help prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction?

Question 66

In what ways does the populist backlash against globalization differ from the political predictions of the Ricardo-Viner and Stolper-Samuelson models?

Question 67

What role does information play in the populist backlash against globalization,and how does this affect the politics of economic policy?

Question 68

What evidence suggests that a backlash against globalization could lead to a substantial reduction in market integration?

Question 69

How might movement toward tighter integration of markets be achieved in a way that balances populist concerns?

Question 70

Given the international pressure and condemnation of the development and testing of nuclear weapons,why do states still pursue them? How might they be stopped peacefully?

Question 71

What are the major challenges facing the postwar order? Which challenges will be most difficult for the United States to face?

Question 72

Is second-strike capability necessary for deterrence? If only first-strike capability existed in the world,would we see more use of nuclear weapons?

Question 73

Why might the proliferation of nuclear weapons be a cause of greater peace rather than conflict?

Question 74

How does the postwar order represent U.S.interests?

Question 75

How should U.S.policy makers respond to growing Chinese power?