Question 1

Among older adults, evidence suggests that the risk for developing dementia can be reduced by which of the following interventions?&#10;A) Cognitive remediation&#10;B) Identifying and treating hearing loss&#10;C) Cognitive restructuring&#10;D) Identifying and treating symptoms of depression

Accepted Answer

Identifying and treating symptoms of depression

Question 2

In prevention of suicide among adults, the most effective intervention is&#10;A) Screening of all patients for suicidal ideation by primary care clinicians&#10;B) Providing debriefing after traumatic events&#10;C) Restricting access to lethal means such as handguns and pesticides&#10;D) Increasing public education programs about suicide

Accepted Answer

Restricting access to lethal means such as handguns and pesticides has been found to be the most effective intervention in preventing suicide among adults. This is because limiting a person's access to lethal means effectively reduces the likelihood of a successful suicide attempt. Screening for suicidal ideation and providing education programs are important, but restricting access to lethal means should be the primary focus of suicide prevention efforts. Debriefing after traumatic events is also helpful, but it is not as effective as restricting access to lethal means.

Question 3

Preventive interventions that have been found to be associated with a sustained reduction of late-life depression include&#10;A) Life review and reminiscence therapy&#10;B) Exposure and response prevention therapy&#10;C) Social skills training&#10;D) Problem-solving therapy

Accepted Answer

Life review and reminiscence therapy have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression in older adults by helping them find meaning and resolve past conflicts.

Question 4

An example of a universal preventive intervention would be which of the following?&#10;A) Educating Americans about the benefits of following a Mediterranean diet&#10;B) Prescribing omega-3 fatty acids for patients with bipolar disorder&#10;C) Providing nurse home visits for first-time single mothers&#10;D) Referring individuals who are experiencing complicated grief for counseling

Accepted Answer

Universal preventive interventions are aimed at the general public or a whole population that has not been identified on the basis of individual risk. Educating Americans about the benefits of following a Mediterranean diet is an example of a universal preventive intervention because it targets the entire population regardless of individual risk factors.

Question 5

Among adults, promoting daily reward experiences that create positive emotions has been found to be associated with&#10;A) Reexperiencing of traumatic memories&#10;B) Reduction of symptoms of depression&#10;C) Improvement of cognition&#10;D) Reduction of sleep disturbances

Accepted Answer

Promoting daily reward experiences that create positive emotions is associated with a reduction of symptoms of depression, according to research.

Question 6

Evidence suggests that prevention of psychiatric disorders should focus on which of the following stages of life?&#10;A) Middle age (ages 35 to 45 years)&#10;B) Young adulthood (ages 20 to 30 years)&#10;C) Adolescence&#10;D) Early childhood

Accepted Answer

Early childhood is the best stage to focus on prevention of psychiatric disorders as evidence shows that early intervention and prevention in childhood can have a significant impact on preventing the onset of psychiatric disorders later in life. It is easier to prevent the development of psychiatric disorders in childhood than to treat them in adulthood.

Question 7

In considering suicide among older adults, it has been found that they are more likely than younger adults to&#10;A) Have made previous suicide attempts&#10;B) Confide their plan to others&#10;C) Act impulsively&#10;D) Plan carefully

Accepted Answer

Older adults who are contemplating suicide are more likely to plan carefully and methodically, compared to younger individuals who may act impulsively. Older adults also tend to have more experience with life and may have attempted suicide in the past. However, they may not confide their plans to others as commonly as younger individuals.

Question 8

At this time, in the prevention of schizophrenia, the focus is on&#10;A) Preventing adverse circumstances of birth&#10;B) Promoting childhood resilience&#10;C) Preventing prodromal symptoms from converting to schizophrenia&#10;D) Preventing late-onset schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

The focus in preventing schizophrenia is on identifying and treating prodromal symptoms early to prevent their progression to full-blown schizophrenia.

Question 9

Some childhood disorders persist in the same form into adulthood, but some may increase the risk for other psychiatric disorders. Which of the following childhood disorders increases risk for other psychiatric disorders?

A) Anxiety disorder
B) Depression
C) Oppositional-defiant disorder
D) Specific phobias

Accepted Answer

Oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) has been found to increase the risk for other psychiatric disorders, such as conduct disorder, substance use disorder, and mood disorders, in adulthood. Anxiety disorder, depression, and specific phobias may persist into adulthood, but they do not necessarily increase the risk for other psychiatric disorders.

Question 10

A factor that has frequently been associated with children's increased risk of experiencing maltreatment is&#10;A) Having two or more children in the family&#10;B) Having a parent with mental illness and substance abuse&#10;C) Having grandparents living with the family&#10;D) Having a limited family budget for leisure activities

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that having a parent with mental illness and substance abuse is a significant risk factor for child maltreatment. Other risk factors may include poverty, social isolation, and a history of abuse or neglect in the family. Having grandparents living with the family or a limited family budget for leisure activities may not necessarily be associated with an increased risk of maltreatment. The number of children in the family may also not be a direct risk factor but may increase stressors and demands on the caregivers, leading to a higher risk of maltreatment if there are additional risk factors present.

Deck 19: Prevention of Psychiatric Disorders