Deck 1: DNA

Question 1

The process of separating the two DNA strands into two single strands is called:

A) Denaturation
B) Bidirectional
C) Depolymerization
D) Synthesis

Answer 1

Denaturation

Question 2

Which of the following enzymes will untangle DNA?

A) Polymerase
B) Helicase
C) Kinase
D) Phosphatase

Answer 2

Helicase

Question 3

What type of bonds spontaneously form between two complementary strands of DNA?

A) Hydrogen bonds
B) Covalent bonds
C) Phosphodiester bonds
D) Polar covalent bonds

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds

Question 4

In a DNA molecule, one end has a free hydroxyl group and one end has a free ___________.

A) phosphate group
B) hydroxyl group
C) amino group
D) carboxyl group

Question 5

DNA replication requires the presence of:

A) DNA template
B) Pyrophosphate
C) Amino acids
D) Messenger RNA

Question 6

In DNA replication, where does replication begin and end?

A) Origin of replication; end of the molecule
B) Promoter; termination site
C) Start codon; stop codon
D) Start codon, termination site

Question 7

Enzymes that recognize palindromic sequences of DNA, that are cut within the recognition sequence, that do not have methylating activity, and that are used frequently in the laboratory are which type of restriction enzymes?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV

Question 8

Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the following?

A) Nitrogen base, deoxyribose, and phosphate
B) Nitrogen base, ribose, and sulfur
C) Carbon base, ribose, and phosphate
D) Carbon base, glucose, and carboxyl

Question 9

Which of the following does not play a role in DNA replication?

A) RNA primer
B) Deoxynucleotide
C) Stop codon
D) DNA polymerase

Question 10

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that are produced by bacteria and __________.

A) degrade viral proteins
B) digest DNA
C) have no laboratory applications
D) degrade lipids

Question 11

DNA replication is:

A) Conservative
B) Semiconservative
C) Nonconservative
D) Dispersive

Question 12

In a double-stranded DNA molecule, base pairing between strands occurs between:

A) A purine and a purine
B) A pyrimidine and a pyrimidine
C) A purine and a pyrimidine
D) Any type of nucleotide base

Question 13

Which DNA sequence is complementary to 5'GATTCTCAAAGGACT3'?

A) 5'GATTCTCAAAGGACT3'
B) 3'GATTCTCAAAGGACT5'
C) 3'CTAAGAGTTTCCTGA5'
D) 5'CTAAGAGTTTCCTGA3'

Question 14

Which of the five ribose carbons of the deoxyribonucleotide are involved in formation of the DNA chain?

A) 1' and 5'
B) 2' and 4'
C) 3' and 4'
D) 3' and 5'

Question 15

In DNA replication, the leading strand is the strand that has which orientation?

A) 5'to 3'
B) 3'to 5'
C) Both strands are leading.

Question 16

The term used to describe the arrangement of the individual strands in the double-stranded DNA molecule is:

A) Parallel
B) Antiparallel
C) Tangential
D) Divergent

Question 17

DNA replication proceeds with the new daughter strand synthesized in the following orientation:

A) 5'to 3'
B) 3'to 5'
C) The daughter strand is not synthesized in any order.
D) Either 5'to 3'or 3' to 5'

Question 18

DNA contains deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates joined together by what type of covalent bond?

A) Aldehyde
B) Ester
C) Phosphodiester
D) Peptide

Question 19

The lagging DNA strand is synthesized discontinuously producing:

A) Kornberg fragments
B) Southern fragments
C) Okazaki fragments
D) Klenow fragments

Question 20

Which of the following is a purine?

A) Thymine
B) Cytosine
C) Adenine
D) Alanine

Question 21

What is the fertility factor (F) observed by Hayes and Lederberg?

A) A chemical that encourages bacterial mating
B) A virus
C) A plasmid
D) A polysaccharide on the cell surface

Question 22

An exonuclease will catalyze what type of reaction?

A) Polymerization of nucleotides into long strands
B) Separation of complementary DNA strands
C) Dissociation of phosphodiester bonds at the ends of DNA molecules
D) Formation of circular DNA molecules from linear ones

Question 23

Recombination between a plasmid and the cell chromosome will result in:

A) Rapid degradation of the chromosome
B) Death of the cell
C) Immediate cellular replication
D) Stable integration of plasmid genes into the chromosome

Question 24

What reactions are catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase?

A) Addition of methyl groups to nitrogen bases
B) Addition of methyl groups to ribose sugars
C) Addition of methyl groups to proteins
D) Removal of methyl groups from DNA

Question 25

In sexual recombination, new combinations of genes are created by which of the following processes?

A) Transduction
B) Crossing over
C) Conjugation
D) Transformation

Question 26

The movement of DNA from one bacterium to another through the activity of bacteriophages is called:

A) Conjugation
B) Transformation
C) Transduction
D) Crossing over

Question 27

Which of the following promote resistance to common antibiotics?

A) Helicases
B) R factors
C) Endonucleases
D) Methylases

Question 28

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty identified the nature of Griffith's transforming factor in an experiment where it was destroyed by what treatment?

A) Protease
B) Ribonuclease
C) Deoxyribonuclease
D) Heating

Question 29

Which of the following is a type II restriction enzyme recognition site?

A) GAATTC
B) GAATTG
C) GAAAAG
D) GATCAG

Question 30

The purpose of ligase is to:

A) Synthesize DNA
B) Cut DNA within the double helix
C) Chew DNA from the ends
D) Paste two ends of DNA together