Deck 11: DNA Polymorphisms and Human Identification

Question 1

Which of the following polymorphisms are tandem repeats of 1-8 bp?

A) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
B) Short tandem repeats
C) Variable number tandem repeats
D) Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Answer 1

Short tandem repeats

Question 2

Which of the following polymorphisms can be used to compare DNA samples derived from males but not females?

A) STR
B) Y-STR
C) RFLP
D) VNTR

Answer 2

Y-STR

Question 3

THO1, D8S1179, and D2S11 are examples of which of the following?

A) RFLP
B) SINE
C) STR
D) SNP

Answer 3

STR

Question 4

How are Y alleles inherited?

A) As recombined combinations on two chromosomes
B) As a diploid genotype
C) As a haplotype on one chromosome
D) Maternally

Question 5

A child has disputed paternity. The child and alleged father have the following STR genotypes: What can be said of Alleged Father 1?

A) He is the father of the child.
B) He cannot be excluded as the father.
C) He is excluded as the father.
D) More STRs need to be analyzed before a conclusion can be made.

Question 6

Two elderly women who had been adopted into different families as infants discover circumstantially that they may have the same biological mother. Which of the following analyses would give the best information toward proving their maternal lineage?

A) Y-STR
B) Mitochondrial DNA
C) RFLP-PCR
D) SNP haplotypes

Question 7

Which are more likely to be successfully analyzed on highly degraded DNA?

A) VNTR
B) RFLP
C) STR
D) Mini-STR

Question 8

Which of the following is used as a marker of gender?

A) D8S1179
B) Amelogenin
C) TPOX
D) Penta D

Question 9

If a locus on chromosome 16 is homozygous, then the locus has:

A) Many different alleles on one chromosome 16
B) The same alleles on each chromosome 16 homolog
C) Different alleles on each chromosome 16 homolog
D) No alleles

Question 10

DNA was isolated from a patient and cut with HaeIII. The resulting fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane. The fragments were allowed to hybridize to a probe, and the resulting band pattern was compared with that seen in another sample of DNA. Which of the following methods is described?

A) RFLP by Southern blot
B) VNTR by PCR
C) SNP by sequencing
D) STR by PCR

Question 11

How do STR and VNTR differ?

A) STR have fewer repeats than VNTR.
B) STR have longer repeat units than VNTR.
C) STR have shorter repeat units than VNTR.
D) STR alleles are only distinguishable by Southern blot.

Question 12

What is a microvariant?

A) An STR allele missing base pairs in the repeat unit
B) Any mini-STR allele
C) A viral genome integrated into host DNA
D) A DNA region with many HaeIII sites

Question 13

Two peaks from different sources falling within a bin describe what relationship?

A) Different alleles
B) Identical alleles
C) Paternity
D) Exclusion

Question 14

DNA found at the scene of the crime was determined to have one peak at 212 bp at the amelogenin locus. The source of this DNA is which of the following?

A) Female
B) Male
C) Impossible to tell from one locus
D) This locus does not discriminate between males and females.

Question 15

Southern blot is used to detect which of the following polymorphisms?

A) Edited RNA
B) Alternative splicing
C) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
D) Modified nucleotides

Question 16

When two sources of DNA are compared by STR analysis in a crime scene, how many differences between alleles will determine that the two sources are different?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6

Question 17

A woman has been sexually assaulted by an unknown man. Which of the following laboratory procedures can be used to more accurately analyze residual DNA left by the man in an effort to identify him?

A) RFLP
B) STR
C) Y-STR
D) VNTR

Question 18

Which of the following STRs is a Y-STR?

A) D5S818
B) vWA
C) Penta E
D) DYS385

Question 19

What is an expression for how many times more likely the child's allele is inherited from the alleged father than by random occurrence of the allele in the general population?

A) Exclusion
B) Paternity index
C) Inclusion
D) Allele frequency

Question 20

How many loci are considered core loci by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the Combined DNA Indexing System?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 13
D) 16

Question 21

STR analysis is performed on bone marrow donor-recipient pairs prior to transplantation for which of the following reasons?

A) To determine whether the donor and recipient are a match
B) To determine the likelihood of graft-versus-host disease
C) To find informative alleles for post-transplantation studies
D) To add their STR haplotypes to a national database

Question 22

Bone marrow has been transplanted into a recipient. STR analysis was performed on whole blood from the recipient 6 months after the transplant by PCR, followed by capillary gel electrophoresis with fluorescence measurement of amplicons. For the TPOX locus, the donor and recipient do not share alleles. The fluorescence of the TPOX locus for the donor peak was 15693, and the fluorescence of the TPOX locus for the recipient peak was 5329. What is the percentage of recipient cells remaining?

A) 25%
B) 34%
C) 66%
D) 75%

Question 23

The uniqueness of mitochondrial and Y-STR alleles is expressed by what measure?

A) Matching probability
B) Discriminatory capacity
C) Recombination frequency
D) Linkage to autosomal loci

Question 24

An individual who has two populations of cells that were derived from two different zygotes is called a:

A) Chimera
B) Mosaic
C) Clone
D) Mutant

Question 25

How are mitochondrial polymorphisms inherited?

A) Paternally
B) Maternally
C) In multiples of six bases
D) Randomly

Question 26

STR analysis was performed on a bone marrow donor and recipient pair with the following results. Which loci are informative?

A) vWA and TH01
B) TH01 and D13S317
C) D16S539 and F13A01
D) vWA and D13S317

Question 27

Mitochondrial polymorphisms used for human identification are found in what part of the mitochondrial genome?

A) In the mitochondrial tRNA genes
B) At the origin of transcription
C) In the hypervariable regions
D) Anywhere on the circular genome