Deck 2: RNA

Question 1

Synthesis of DNA guided by a RNA template is:

A) Translation
B) DNA replication
C) Transcription
D) Reverse transcription

Answer 1

Reverse transcription

Question 2

In transcription, what is the starting material, the ending material, and the major enzyme that catalyzes the process?

A) DNA, RNA, DNA polymerase
B) RNA, protein, peptidyl transferase
C) RNA, DNA, reverse transcriptase
D) DNA, RNA, RNA polymerase

Answer 2

DNA, RNA, RNA polymerase

Question 3

Which of the following is the binding site for the repressor protein of the lactose operon?

A) P site
B) Operator
C) A site
D) Promoter

Answer 3

Operator

Question 4

If the following oligonucleotide of double-stranded DNA were transcribed, what would be the sequence of the RNA? 5'TGCTAGCTA3'
3'ACGATCGAT5'

A) 5'UGCUAGCUA3'
B) 5'ACGAUCGAU3'
C) 3'ACGATCGAT5'
D) 3'ACGAUCGAU5'

Question 5

RNA is degraded by:

A) Helicases
B) Polymerases
C) Ribonucleases
D) Methylases

Question 6

Transfer RNA is different from other types of RNA because transfer RNA has:

A) A 3'polyA tail
B) Introns and exons
C) A 3'methylated cap
D) Anticodons

Question 7

In an RNA molecule, adenine always base-pairs with:

A) Thymine
B) Cytosine
C) Uracil
D) Guanine

Question 8

The RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of which of the following subunits?

A) ( $\alpha$ 2, $\beta$ , $\beta$ ')
B) ( $\alpha$ 2, $\beta$ , $\beta$ ' $\sigma$ )
C) ( $\alpha$ , $\alpha$ ', $\beta$ , $\beta$ ')
D) ( $\alpha$ 2, $\beta$ , $\beta$ ', $\rho$ )

Question 9

DNA sequences that are involved in the regulation of gene expression are called:

A) Cis factors
B) Trans factors
C) Inducers
D) Repressors

Question 10

The loop of transfer RNA that interacts with the codon on mRNA in translation is called the:

A) D loop
B) T $\varPsi$ C loop
C) Variable loop
D) Anticodon loop

Question 11

The large ribosome subunit in prokaryotes consists of ribosomal proteins and:

A) 16S rRNA
B) 18S rRNA
C) 23S rRNA and 5S rRNA
D) 28S rRNA, 5S rRNA, and 5.8S rRNA

Question 12

Which of the following would prevent transcription of the lactose operon?

A) Loss of promoter
B) Presence of inducer
C) Loss of the repressor protein
D) RNA polymerase binding to the promoter

Question 13

Which component of RNA polymerase is responsible for initiating transcription at the correct site?

A) ( $\alpha$ )
B) ( $\beta$ )
C) ( $\beta$ ')
D) ( $\rho$ )
E) ( $\sigma$ )

Question 14

Which of the following types of RNA is directly involved in removing introns from RNA in eukaryotes?

A) Micro
B) Transfer
C) Small nuclear
D) Small interfering

Question 15

RNA and DNA are structurally similar because they both:

A) Have ribose as their sugar moiety
B) Consist of a single strand that folds on itself
C) Consist of two complementary strands
D) Are polymers of four different nucleotide bases

Question 16

What is the secondary structure of transfer RNA?

A) Cruciform, or inverted L
B) Hairpin
C) Triple helix, or triplex
D) Ring, or inverted C

Question 17

Which of the following is required for termination of transcription in bacteria?

A) DNA polymerase
B) Sigma
C) Rho
D) PolyA signal

Question 18

Which of the following enzymes performs transcription in bacteria?

A) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
B) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
C) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 19

Synthesis of RNA guided by a DNA template is:

A) Translation
B) DNA replication
C) Transcription
D) Reverse transcription

Question 20

Which of the following is involved in termination of transcription in eukaryotes?

A) RNA polymerase
B) Sigma
C) Rho
D) PolyA signal

Question 21

When gene expression is regulated by mechanisms other than the interaction of cis elements and trans factors, the regulation is called:

A) Induction
B) Epigenetics
C) Attenuation
D) Combinatorial control

Question 22

Multiple products are generated from the same gene by what mechanism?

A) Alternative splicing
B) Polyadenylation
C) Capping

Question 23

Thalassemias arise from changes in what part of the beta-globin gene?

A) 3'untranslated region
B) PolyA tail
C) Splice recognition site
D) Ribosome binding site

Question 24

In the lactose operon, which of the following configurations would result in gene expression?

A) Promoter +, Operator +, Repressor +, no inducer present
B) Promoter -, Operator +, Repressor +, no inducer present
C) Promoter -, Operator -, Repressor +, inducer present
D) Promoter +, Operator +, Repressor -, no inducer present

Question 25

Alteration of the nucleotide sequence of RNA after transcription is called:

A) Methylation
B) RNA silencing
C) RNA editing
D) Capping

Question 26

Which of the following is a cis factor of the lactose operon?

A) Inducer
B) Operator
C) Repressor
D) Polymerase

Question 27

What mechanism may explain the difference in symptoms in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes?

A) Genomic imprinting
B) Alternative splicing
C) Genetic recombination
D) Capping

Question 28

MicroRNAs, short endogenous RNA, perform what function in the eukaryotic cell?

A) Controlling DNA replication
B) Priming RNA synthesis
C) RNA splicing
D) Repressing gene expression

Question 29

Genomic imprinting is accomplished primarily through:

A) Methylation
B) Acetylation
C) Transcription
D) Cis and trans factor interactions

Question 30

The most frequently methylated base in vertebrates is:

A) Adenine
B) Cytosine
C) Guanine
D) Thymine