Deck 3: Proteins

Question 1

The fundamental physical and functional unit of inheritance that encodes a functional product is a:

A) Gene
B) Protein
C) Nucleotide
D) Nucleic acid

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

Which of the following amino acids has a nonpolar R group?

A) Valine
B) Cysteine
C) Serine
D) Tyrosine

Answer 2

Valine

Question 3

Which of the following describes the general structure of an amino acid?

A) Planar carbon-nitrogen ring with deoxyribose sugar
B) Pentose sugar bound to phosphate and purine or pyrimidine base
C) Central carbon with carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen, and a side chain
D) Polymer of molecules bound together by a peptide bond

Answer 3

Central carbon with carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen, and a side chain

Question 4

Denaturation of a protein results in what effect?

A) Activation of protein activity
B) Loss of tertiary structure and protein function
C) None
D) Alteration of the amino acid sequence

Question 5

The codons that do not code for an amino acid and terminate protein synthesis are what kind of codon?

A) Wobble
B) Initiation
C) Nonsense
D) Anticodon

Question 6

What chemical group is found at the end of peptide chains?

A) Carboxyl
B) Hydroxyl
C) Phosphate
D) Amine

Question 7

What chemical group is found at the beginning of peptide chains?

A) Carboxyl
B) Hydroxyl
C) Phosphate
D) Amine

Question 8

A codon consists of a sequence of how many nucleotides?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 9

A protein that has lost its tertiary structure is called:

A) A zwitterion
B) A zinc finger
C) Denatured
D) Depolymerized

Question 10

The set of nucleotides in mRNA that encode one amino acid is called a(n):

A) Codon
B) Gene
C) Anticodon
D) Chromosome

Question 11

The sequence of amino acids in a protein constitutes which level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 12

Alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets are what level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 13

What enzymes are important for faithful translation of genetic information from RNA to protein?

A) DNA polymerase
B) Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase
C) DNA ligase
D) Exonuclease

Question 14

All but two amino acids are encoded by more than one codon, thus making the genetic code:

A) Error-prone
B) Random
C) Redundant
D) Denatured

Question 15

Protein structure characterized by the combination of different proteins that all together are required for protein function is which level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 16

The chemical nature of alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan is described as:

A) Polar
B) Acidic
C) Basic
D) Nonpolar

Question 17

The process of protein synthesis is also called:

A) Translation
B) Transcription
C) Transduction
D) Transformation

Question 18

At physiological pH, amino acids are:

A) Anions
B) Cations
C) Neutral
D) Zwitterions

Question 19

In translation, what is the starting material, the ending material, and the major enzyme that catalyzes the process?

A) DNA, RNA, DNA polymerase
B) RNA, protein, peptidyl transferase
C) RNA, DNA, reverse transcriptase
D) DNA, RNA, RNA polymerase

Question 20

In early experiments, a polymer of uracil, UUUUUUUU…, translated into a peptide comprising only phenylalanine amino acids. What did this observation demonstrate?

A) Uracil is not a functional nucleotide.
B) UUU codes for phenylalanine.
C) RNA cannot be faithfully translated in vitro.
D) No other amino acid codon contains uracil.

Question 21

ER stress stops protein synthesis in response to what?

A) Unfolded proteins
B) Cell division
C) Amino acids
D) Degraded RNA

Question 22

What amino acid is used to initiate most proteins in eukaryotes?

A) Methionine
B) Alanine
C) Proline
D) Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 23

In the ribosome, the growing peptide moves from site to site in what direction?

A) A to E to P
B) P to A to E
C) E to P to A
D) A to P to E

Question 24

Specialized proteins that bind to the large ribosomal subunit and protect the hydrophobic regions of growing polypeptides are called:

A) Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
B) Molecular chaperones
C) Metalloproteins
D) Peptidyl transferases

Question 25

A glycoprotein contains ______attached after translation.

A) extra amino acids
B) sugar moieties
C) lipids
D) metal ions

Question 26

The enzyme that bonds two amino acids together in protein synthesis is:

A) Peptidyl transferase
B) Protein synthetase
C) Amino acid polymerase
D) Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Question 27

Given the following sequence of mRNA, what is the corresponding amino acid sequence? 5'AUGCAUAACUCUGCU3'

A) DCITL
B) RHNSA
C) AQRRV
D) MHNSA

Question 28

The start codon for synthesis of most proteins is:

A) ACC
B) UGA
C) AUG
D) UAA

Question 29

The collection of proteins produced by a genome is called the:

A) Proteome
B) Protease
C) Ribosome
D) Genetic code

Question 30

Hydrolysis of the finished polypeptide from the final tRNA by release factors would occur at which of the following codons?

A) AUG
B) GUG
C) ACC
D) UGA