Deck 11: Section 3: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Question 1

Substantial research now shows that the interviewers in many of the preschool cases ____, and this made the interviewers question children more _____ to confirm their preexisting suspicions.

A) strongly believed that children were sexually abused; coercively
B) strongly believed that children were sexually abused; gently
C) did not believe that children were sexually abused; gently
D) did not believe that children were sexually abused; coercively

Answer 1

strongly believed that children were sexually abused; coercively

Question 2

What was the outcome in the Wee Care Nursery School case?

A) Kelly Michaels was convicted and sentenced to life in prison and still remains in prison.
B) Kelly Michaels was sentenced to 47 years but was released from prison after 5 years.
C) Kelly Michaels pled guilty to lesser charges and was released on probation.
D) The jury was deadlocked and the case had to be retried before the charges were dropped.

Answer 2

Kelly Michaels was sentenced to 47 years but was released from prison after 5 years.

Question 3

Loftus (1997) was able to "implant" memories of being "lost in the mall" in what percentage of participants?

A) 50%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) 15%

Answer 3

25%

Question 4

One of the situations when most states allow hearsay testimony at trial is when:

A) a child is the alleged victim in a crime.
B) the case has a disabled victim.
C) a victim lives in a different country.
D) In all of the above cases is hearsay testimony allowed.

Question 5

The notion that traumatic memories can be pushed out of conscious awareness is called:

A) oppression.
B) regression.
C) repression.
D) confabulation.

Question 6

All of the following are the reasons for underreporting of child sexual abuse EXCEPT:

A) very young children may not be able to talk and explain what happened.
B) young children may not interpret what's happening as sexual abuse.
C) children's allegations of sexual abuse are not taken seriously.
D) children may fear retaliation of the abuser.

Question 7

Researchers analyzed interviews with actual child victims of sexual abuse, which revealed that the presumed child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS) is largely not confirmed in abused children: Most children disclose abuse _____ and _____ later recant that the abuse ever occurred.

A) in the first or second interview; very often
B) only after multiple interviews; very often
C) only after multiple interviews; rarely
D) in the first or second interview; rarely

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a type of prompt recommended in NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol?

A) "Tell me everything that happened."
B) "What happened next?"
C) "He wanted you to touch him, right?"
D) "Where did it happen?"

Question 9

Subsequent experiments by Hyman et al. (1995) were designed to "implant" memories of even more unusual events than being "lost in the mall." What percent of participants did eventually come to believe these memories were real?

A) Less than 10%.
B) About a quarter of the participants.
C) About half of the participants.
D) More than 90%.

Question 10

One should be especially skeptical about claims of recovered memories in all of the following cases EXCEPT:

A) abuse involving satanic rituals.
B) abuse that occurred before the age of 3.
C) memories of abuse that began as vague impressions.
D) abuse that began in adolescence.

Question 11

In sexual abuse cases, jurors are more likely to believe _____ because younger children _____.

A) younger children than adolescents; are less likely to lie or make things up
B) younger children than adolescents; seem unsophisticated about sexual matters
C) adolescents than younger children; tend to easily mix reality and fantasy
D) adolescents than younger children; could have been easily misled by adults

Question 12

In the case of Maryland v. Craig (1990), the Supreme Court allowed the use of _____for child witnesses.

A) hearsay testimony
B) closed-circuit television (CCTV)
C) coercive questioning
D) NICHD Investigative Interview protocol

Question 13

Extensive research shows that the use of anatomically detailed dolls:

A) tends to have no effect on children's accounts in sexual abuse investigations.
B) increases the number of false allegations of children in sexual abuse cases.
C) decreases the number of true allegations by children in sexual abuse cases.
D) only has an effect on girls but not on boys in recalling sexual abuse.

Question 14

The case of Paul Ingram is unusual because:

A) it was the longest time anyone had ever repressed a memory.
B) it involved recovered memories of being the perpetrator of sexual abuse.
C) Ingram repressed memories of traumatic abuse from more than three perpetrators.
D) Ingram was the first to sue a therapist for implanting false memories.

Question 15

There were several experiments conducted by researchers to evaluate children's susceptibility to suggestive questioning. These studies probably underestimate the children's tendency to agree with misleading questions for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) questioning techniques in real cases were much more forceful than in experiments.
B) in real cases, children were questioned multiple times by different interviewers.
C) information obtained by interviewers in real cases was shared with parents who also questioned their children.
D) children in the experiments were much older than children in the day care center cases.