Question 1

After Daubert, judges are more likely to:&#10;A) permit expert testimony in federal cases.&#10;B) exclude expert testimony even if it's based on valid science.&#10;C) allow expert testimony, but only with regard to competency to stand trial.&#10;D) be required to obtain education in social scientific research methods.

Accepted Answer

After Daubert, judges act as gatekeepers to ensure that expert testimony is not only relevant but also reliable, which means they may exclude testimony even if it is based on valid science if it does not meet the legal standards of reliability and relevance.

Question 2

Which of the following scientists did NOT play a prominent role in the history of forensic psychology?&#10;A) Sigmund Freud&#10;B) Alfred Adler&#10;C) Hugo M&#252;nsterberg&#10;D) Karl Llewellyn

Accepted Answer

Alfred Adler was a psychologist known for his work on individual psychology, but he did not play a prominent role in the history of forensic psychology.

Question 3

Muller v. Oregon (1908) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) are considered landmark cases in the history of forensic psychology because they:&#10;A) clarified the role of psychologists testifying as experts.&#10;B) allowed psychologists to testify on insanity defense.&#10;C) allowed women to get mandatory high school education.&#10;D) signified the use of social science research in court rulings.

Accepted Answer

Muller v. Oregon and Brown v. Board of Education are considered landmark cases in the history of forensic psychology because they signified the use of social science research in court rulings. Muller v. Oregon relied heavily on a report by psychologist Florence Kelley, which used empirical evidence to argue that women's working conditions were harmful to their health and well-being. Brown v. Board of Education cited psychological research to demonstrate the harmful effects of segregation on black children's self-esteem and intellectual development. These cases set a precedent for the use of social science research in legal decision-making.

Question 4

The style of inquiry in the U.S. legal system is _____, whereas in psychology it is _____.&#10;A) advocacy; objectivity&#10;B) objectivity; empiricism&#10;C) empiricism; authority&#10;D) authority; objectivity

Accepted Answer

The U.S. legal system is focused on advocacy, where each party presents their argument and tries to persuade the judge or jury to rule in their favor. Psychology, on the other hand, values objectivity, where empirical evidence and data are used to support or refute hypotheses.

Question 5

All of these aspects of the adversarial legal system are uncomfortable for scientists EXCEPT:&#10;A) the desire for learning the truth.&#10;B) the focus on individual cases rather than general patterns.&#10;C) the avoidance of uncertainty.&#10;D) the promotion of a one-sided view of facts.

Accepted Answer

Scientists are generally comfortable with the desire for learning the truth, as it aligns with their pursuit of knowledge and understanding through research and evidence.

Question 6

The legal realism movement that has re-energized the dormant field of law and social science in the late 1920s and 1930s has all of the following as its key principles, EXCEPT:&#10;A) laws reflect immutable principles found in nature.&#10;B) laws must be continually re-examined and adjusted.&#10;C) law is one of the tools to make society better.&#10;D) law is only as good as its effects.

Accepted Answer

The key principles of the legal realism movement did not include the idea that laws reflect immutable principles found in nature. Instead, legal realists believed that laws were shaped by social and economic forces, and that they must be continually re-examined and adjusted in order to be effective in improving society. Legal realists also believed that law is one of many tools that can be used to make society better, and that the value of law is determined by its effects.

Question 7

Judges _____ the use of brain scans in the courtroom claiming that the scientific value of this evidence _____.&#10;A) gladly accept; is exceptional&#10;B) routinely deny; is not established&#10;C) never accept; only applies in brain injury cases&#10;D) often allow; can be correctly interpreted during expert testimony

Accepted Answer

The first part of the sentence indicates that judges do not accept the use of brain scans in the courtroom, and the reason given is that the scientific value of this evidence is not established. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 8

Which organization was founded in 1969 by psychologists who were interested in the legal system?&#10;A) American Association of Forensic Psychology.&#10;B) Association of Legal and Clinical Psychology.&#10;C) International Association of Legal Psychology.&#10;D) American Psychology-Law Society.

Accepted Answer

The American Psychology-Law Society (AP-LS) was founded in 1969 by psychologists who were interested in the legal system. The AP-LS is currently the largest organization of psychologists within the field of psychology and law.

Question 9

Scientific studies evaluating the D.A.R.E. program found that the program _____ because &#34;just say no&#34; to drugs _____.&#10;A) works well; is a highly effective slogan&#10;B) is only effective in reducing social drug use; changes brain patterns&#10;C) increases the use of alcohol and tobacco; creates an impression that substances other than drugs are not as bad in comparison&#10;D) reduces not only the use of drugs but of alcohol and tobacco as well; easily translates into saying no to other harmful substances as well

Accepted Answer

Scientific studies evaluating the D.A.R.E. program have consistently found that the program is ineffective and may even have negative effects such as increasing the use of alcohol and tobacco. The program's focus on just saying no to drugs does not provide young people with the tools and information they need to make informed decisions about substance use. Additionally, the program's emphasis on drugs may create an impression that substances other than drugs are not as bad in comparison, leading to increased use of alcohol and tobacco.

Question 10

_____ tells us how people actually behave, whereas _____ tells us how people are supposed to behave.&#10;A) Law; psychology&#10;B) Psychology; law&#10;C) Science; nature&#10;D) Nature; science

Accepted Answer

Psychology is the study of human behavior, while law is the system of rules and regulations that dictate how people are expected to behave in certain situations. Therefore, psychology tells us how people actually behave, while law tells us how they are supposed to behave.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the four guidelines established by Daubert?&#10;A) Falsifiability of the technique.&#10;B) A known error rate.&#10;C) General acceptance in the scientific community.&#10;D) Review by appellate courts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 12

The Daubert standard of admissibility _____, so two different judges _____ about what meets the Daubert standard.&#10;A) is exceptionally clear and straightforward; would easily agree&#10;B) leaves plenty of room for interpretation; may disagree&#10;C) can be misinterpreted easily; may have to ask for appellate review&#10;D) is reasonably understandable; can always arrive at the same conclusion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Daubert standard of admissibility _____, so...

Question 13

Research presented in Chapter 1 suggests that most state court judges _____ their gatekeeping role established in Daubert _____ adequately define the four guidelines for admissibility.&#10;A) do not support; because they cannot&#10;B) support; and they can&#10;C) do not support; though they can&#10;D) support; whereas they cannot

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research presented in Chapter 1 suggests that...

Question 14

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court make explicit use of research provided by social scientists for the first time?&#10;A) Brown v. Board of Education.&#10;B) Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.&#10;C) General Electric Co. v. Joiner.&#10;D) Brandeis v. United States.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following cases did...

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of amicus curiae briefs over expert testimony?&#10;A) Research studies cited in the brief are listed in a reference section.&#10;B) Amicus curiae briefs are typically written by a team of researchers.&#10;C) Amicus curiae briefs are often reviewed by a professional organization.&#10;D) Amicus curiae briefs are typically more expensive to produce.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Deck 1: Section 3: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance