Deck 10: Leadership and Organizational Change 

Question 1

According to the expectancy theory,a high level of motivation requires:

A)high expectancy and low valence.
B)low expectancy and high valence.
C)low expectancy and low valence.
D)high expectancy and high valence.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to Maslow's need theory,which of the following needs would not be addressed first?

A)physiological
B)self-actualization
C)safety
D)social

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________ is the extent to which a person is in tune with his/her own feelings and the feelings of others.

A)Interdependence
B)Metacognition
C)Emotional intelligence
D)Social intelligence

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to the achievement-power-affiliation theory,a person who takes responsibility for finding solutions to problems is demonstrating a need for power.

Question 5

Motivation could be described as:

A)a function that managers perform in coordinating work to be done.
B)the process of creating a work environment in which people do their best work.
C)an inner force that activates or moves a person.
D)working together as a team to accomplish goals and objectives.

Question 6

When the baker blames the oven for the poor bakery product when,in fact,recipe procedures were not followed,the baker is using which defense mechanism?

A)repression
B)rationalization
C)substitution
D)withdrawal

Question 7

The motivation theory that is based on the belief that people act to increase pleasure and decrease displeasure is:

A)two-factor (maintenance and motivational).
B)reinforcement.
C)expectancy.
D)achievement-power-affiliation.

Question 8

Which of the following would be characteristic of a Theory X manager's beliefs about the average employee?

A)Uses only a portion of their intellectual potential.
B)Will exercise self-direction in the service of objectives to which they are committed.
C)Learns not only to accept but also to seek responsibility.
D)Has an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it if possible.

Question 9

Which of the following statements would be consistent with the beliefs of Argyris' Theory?

A)Management creates "Mickey Mouse" jobs and then is surprised with "Mickey Mouse" behavior.
B)People behave in a certain way because they have learned at some time which behaviors result in positive outcomes and which result in negative outcomes.
C)Power is the resource that enables a leader to induce compliance or influence others.
D)Because humans have an inherent dislike of work,they must be coerced and controlled.

Question 10

The leadership continuum developed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt includes which two major components?

A)Degree of authority used by the manager and the amount of freedom available to the employee.
B)The level of maturity of the employee and the degree of power used by the manager.
C)The concern of the manager for production and the concern for people.
D)The amount of initiating structure and the amount of consideration.

Question 11

In the two-factor theory,the hygiene (or maintenance)factors:

A)include the concepts of achievement and recognition.
B)will serve as motivators when present in the job.
C)are often related to dissatisfaction on the job.
D)are related to the content of the job.

Question 12

The University of Michigan and the Ohio State Leadership studies both suggested that most effective managers are those who:

A)allow employees to participate in decisions.
B)make decisions themselves.
C)focus on process.
D)give detailed directions.

Question 13

Situational leadership would suggest that:

A)leaders should use their referent power in work situations to be successful.
B)Theory Y beliefs on human behavior lead to success as a leader.
C)one leadership style is appropriate in nearly all situations.
D)behavior of effective leaders depends on the situation.

Question 14

Reinforcement theory emphasizes:

A)that needs are learned and socially acquired as individuals interact with their environment.
B)rewards or outcomes of performance to satisfy needs.
C)how the consequences of past action influence future actions.
D)the importance of job responsibilities as motivators.

Question 15

The highest level of needs on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is termed ________.

A)safety
B)physiological
C)social
D)self-actualization

Question 16

________ is the process of influencing the activities of employees toward goal achievement.

A)Job satisfaction
B)Expectancy
C)Motivation
D)Leadership

Question 17

Which of the following types of power come from the formal position held by an individual in an organization?

A)coercive
B)expert
C)legitimate
D)referent

Question 18

McClelland proposed which of the following motivation theories?

A)reinforcement
B)achievement-power-affiliation
C)expectancy
D)two-factor (maintenance and motivational)

Question 19

The ERG theory grouped human needs into what three categories?

A)existence,relatedness,growth
B)esteem,respect,group cohesiveness
C)excellence,responsibility,generosity
D)expectancy,relationships,goals

Question 20

A transformational leader:

A)intellectually stimulates followers.
B)has a high need for affiliation.
C)guides employees by clarifying roles and tasks.
D)motivates employees through use of rewards.

Question 21

According to the work by Kouzes and Posner,a leader enables others to act.

Question 22

The need for love,belonging,affiliation and acceptance are components of which of the 5 levels of need identified by Maslow?

Question 23

________ power comes from the formal position one holds in an organization.

Question 24

Continuous commitment is the commitment to the organization that employees display because they are happy to be members of the organization.

Question 25

________ is the ability to use social perceptiveness and behavioral flexibility to determine the requirements for leadership in a particular situation and select the appropriate response.

Question 26

The Blake and Mouton leadership grid has two dimensions,those dimensions are concern for production and concern for service.

Question 27

Hershey and Blanchard expanded the contingency approach to leadership by incorporating concern for people and concern for production in their leadership model.

Question 28

A change agent is a person who initiates a change.

Question 29

Democratic is the leadership style in which the leader allows the group to make the decision.

Question 30

Intrinsic motivation comes from factors inside the individual.

Question 31

The extent to which a person in tune with his/her own feelings and the feelings of others is termed ________.

Question 32

The concept of valence in expectancy theory is the expectancy that increased effort will lead to increased performance.

Question 33

An employee's general attitude about their job is referred to as job satisfaction.