Question 1

Calculate the mean of the following hemoglobin values: 6.2, 8.1, 7.9, 9.0, 5.8, 6.6, 7.3, 8.4, 10.2, 11.6&#10;A) 7.3&#10;B) 8.1&#10;C) 8.6&#10;D) 7.8

Accepted Answer

To calculate the mean, add all the values together and then divide by the number of values. The sum of the given values is 81.1, and there are 10 values. Therefore, the mean is 81.1 / 10 = 8.11, which rounds to 8.1.

Question 2

Which of the following is a cause of a shift?&#10;A) Rerunning a control material&#10;B) Not performing maintenance when due&#10;C) Improperly prepared reagent&#10;D) Analyzing a patient sample without a barcode

Accepted Answer

An improperly prepared reagent can cause a shift in results. Rerunning a control material, not performing maintenance when due, and analyzing a patient sample without a barcode may lead to incorrect results, but they do not cause a shift in results.

Question 3

Which of the following is not considered a preanalytical factor?&#10;A) Proper identification of the patient&#10;B) Labeling the specimen at the bedside&#10;C) Transporting the specimen to the laboratory&#10;D) Entering patient's results into the computer

Accepted Answer

Entering patient's results into the computer is part of the analytical phase of laboratory testing, not the preanalytical phase. Preanalytical factors include steps taken before the specimen reaches the laboratory, such as identifying the patient, labeling the specimen, and transporting it to the laboratory.

Question 4

Calculate the coefficient of variation with the following data: mean = 7.2; SD = 0.42; median = 7.6; mode = 7.5.&#10;A) 5.5%&#10;B) 5.6%&#10;C) 5.8%&#10;D) 5.2%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the coefficient of variation with the...

Question 5

Which of the following is a part of quality assurance?&#10;A) Procedure manual&#10;B) Equipment function checks&#10;C) Calibration verification procedures&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the above are part of quality assurance. A procedure manual outlines the standard operating procedures and protocols for specific tasks. Equipment function checks ensure that instruments are functioning properly and providing accurate results. Calibration verification procedures ensure that instruments are calibrated properly and producing reliable results. These are all important components of quality assurance in a laboratory setting.

Question 6

Which quality approach maximizes customer value?&#10;A) Root cause analysis&#10;B) FMEA&#10;C) Benchmarking&#10;D) Lean

Accepted Answer

Lean is focused on maximizing customer value by eliminating waste and continuously improving processes to deliver products or services more efficiently and effectively. This approach helps to ensure that customers receive high-quality products or services at the lowest possible cost.

Question 7

Which Westgard rule refers to two consecutive data points exceeding the ±2 SD limit? A) 1_2s B) 1_3s C) 2_2s D) 4_1s

Accepted Answer

The Westgard rule referred to as "2S" indicates two consecutive data points exceeding the ±2 standard deviation (SD) limit. This is represented by the choice "2_2s".

Question 8

Which quality approach requires performance to be measured against another world-class company?&#10;A) Root cause analysis&#10;B) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)&#10;C) Benchmarking&#10;D) Lean

Accepted Answer

Benchmarking is the quality approach that involves measuring an organization's performance against other world-class companies to identify best practices and improve processes. Root cause analysis, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Lean are all quality approaches, but they do not involve measuring performance against another company.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most common source of laboratory errors?&#10;A) Preanalytical factors&#10;B) Analytical factors&#10;C) Postanalytical factors&#10;D) Nonanalytical factors

Accepted Answer

Preanalytical factors are the most common source of laboratory errors, accounting for approximately 70% of all errors. Preanalytical factors include errors related to specimen collection, transport, and processing before testing. Analytical factors (B) refer to errors that occur during the actual analysis of the specimen and are less common than preanalytical factors. Postanalytical factors (C) include errors related to result reporting and interpretation and account for approximately 10% of laboratory errors. Nonanalytical factors (D) refer to errors that do not involve laboratory testing, such as errors in patient identification or communication between healthcare providers, and are outside the scope of the laboratory's responsibility.

Question 10

A sudden and consistent movement from the mean is a ______________.&#10;A) Shift&#10;B) Trend&#10;C) Titration&#10;D) Dilution

Accepted Answer

A sudden and consistent movement from the mean is referred to as a shift in statistical process control. A shift occurs when there is a sudden change in the process or when an external factor affects the process. Trends are gradual changes over a longer period, titration is a laboratory technique for determining the concentration of a substance, and dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solution.

Question 11

Which Westgard rule refers to one data point exceeding the ±3 SD limit? A) 1_2s B) 1_3s C) 2_2s D) 4_1s

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Westgard rule refers to one data...

Question 12

Which of the following is not considered a postanalytical factor?&#10;A) Entering patient's results into the computer&#10;B) Calculating patient's results&#10;C) Transporting the specimen to the laboratory&#10;D) Notifying physician of patient's results

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not considered...

Question 13

Which of the following is a cause of a trend? A) Improperly prepared reagents B) Improperly stored reagents C) Change in lot numbers D) Bacterial contamination of diluent/H₂O

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a cause...

Question 14

Which quality approach is used after a problem occurs to investigate the cause of the problem?&#10;A) Root cause analysis&#10;B) FMEA&#10;C) Benchmarking&#10;D) Lean

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which quality approach is used after a...

Question 15

Which of the following regulates all clinical laboratory testing?&#10;A) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)&#10;B) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)&#10;C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)&#10;D) College of American Pathologists (CAP)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following regulates all clinical...

Question 16

Which quality approach tries to identify the cause and impact of a failure before it happens?&#10;A) Root cause analysis&#10;B) FMEA&#10;C) Benchmarking&#10;D) Lean

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which quality approach tries to identify the...

Question 17

A gradual change in the same direction is a ___________.&#10;A) Shift&#10;B) Trend&#10;C) Titration&#10;D) Dilution

Accepted Answer

The answer of A gradual change in the same direction...

Question 18

Which of the following can be considered a matrix?&#10;A) Urine&#10;B) Whole blood&#10;C) Synovial fluid&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can be considered...

Question 19

Which of the following is not considered part of a quality test?&#10;A) Accurate and precise&#10;B) Unreasonable cost&#10;C) Free of defects&#10;D) Good customer service

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not considered...

Question 20

Which Westgard rule refers to one data point exceeding the ±2 SD limit? A) 1_2s B) 1_3s C) 2_2s D) 4_1s

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Westgard rule refers to one data...

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a random error?&#10;A) Bubbles in syringes&#10;B) Leaky tubing&#10;C) Clogs in tubing&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 22

Which Westgard rule refers to four consecutive control measurements exceeding the +1 SD or -1 SD limit on the same side of the graph? A) 1_2s B) 1_3s C) 2_2s D) 4_1s

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Westgard rule refers to four consecutive...

Deck 29: Quality Control in the Hematology Laboratory