Question 1

What theorist strongly disagreed with Freud's ideas about women and their feelings of inferiority and the Oedipus complex?&#10;A)Adler&#10;B)Horney&#10;C)Jung&#10;D)Klein

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney was a prominent critic of Freud's views on women, particularly his theory of the Oedipus complex and his assertion that women had inherent feelings of inferiority. Horney believed that social and cultural factors, rather than biology, played a greater role in shaping gender differences and that women's sense of inferiority stemmed from societal messages about their worth and capabilities.

Question 2

Research suggests that the Big Five personality traits are&#10;A)unique to each culture.&#10;B)identical in every culture.&#10;C)fairly consistent across many cultures.&#10;D)useless for cultural evaluation.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that the Big Five personality traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) are fairly consistent across many cultures. However, there may be some cultural variations in the extent to which these traits are valued or expressed.

Question 3

According to Freud,habits such as smoking or overeating could result from a fixation in the _____ stage.&#10;A)oral&#10;B)anal&#10;C)genital&#10;D)phallic

Accepted Answer

The oral stage is the first stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory, occurring from birth to about 18 months of age. At this stage, the focus of pleasure is on the mouth, and it is where the infant learns to satisfy their basic needs such as feeding, sucking, and biting. A fixation at this stage could result in habits such as nail-biting, smoking, or overeating as ways to satisfy the need for oral stimulation.

Question 4

Which of the following represents a shared environmental influence?&#10;A)Todd and Vie both receive 5 dollars for each &#34;A&#34; they earn on their report cards.&#10;B)Taryn has chores to do around the house.&#10;C)June goes to ballet,while Mitch is at football.&#10;D)Eli gets to go to sleepaway camp while Jonah gets to stay home for camp.

Accepted Answer

Shared environmental influences refer to those aspects of the environment that individuals living in the same household experience similarly, such as rules, rewards, or punishments that apply to all children in the family equally. In this case, Todd and Vie both receiving 5 dollars for each "A" they earn on their report cards is an example of a shared environmental influence because it is a reward system applied equally to both individuals.

Question 5

The book suggests that criminal profiling can fall victim to&#10;A)social durability bias.&#10;B)the P.T.Barnum effect.&#10;C)confirmation bias.&#10;D)projective hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The book suggests that criminal profiling can...

Question 6

Which of the following statements might lead to feelings of incongruence?&#10;A)&#34;If you want to go out for the cheerleading squad,I think that is wonderful.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;I would rather you join the band than go out for the basketball team.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;I think it is wonderful when you draw pictures,but why don't you try using markers next time?&#34;&#10;D)&#34;I know that you are shy,so why don't you sit in the back of the class?&#34;

Accepted Answer

The statement expresses a preference for the child's choice, which may conflict with their own desires or interests, leading to feelings of incongruence. The other statements are more supportive and encouraging.

Question 7

Achak is upset.He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach,Achak would not have flunked his midterm.What locus of control is Achak demonstrating?&#10;A)Latent&#10;B)Reciprocal&#10;C)Internal&#10;D)External

Accepted Answer

Achak is demonstrating an external locus of control by blaming his teacher for his failure on the midterm. He believes that his teacher's ability to teach led to his poor performance, rather than taking responsibility for his own studying and preparation for the exam.

Question 8

A key criticism of the trait perspective on personality development is that it&#10;A)fails to explain the cause of the differences in the various trait dimensions.&#10;B)focuses too much on the role of unconscious forces in personality development.&#10;C)ignores the evil and selfishness that humans are capable of.&#10;D)lacks supportive evidence for the existence of multiple trait dimensions.

Accepted Answer

The trait perspective describes personality in terms of individual traits, however, it does not fully explain the cause of the differences in the various trait dimensions. The trait perspective mostly focuses on descriptive rather than explanatory aspects of human behavior, which limits its ability to identify causes of individual differences.

Question 9

The _____ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests.&#10;A)TAT&#10;B)MMPI&#10;C)Rorschach&#10;D)NEO

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests. It consists of over 550 true/false questions and is designed to measure areas such as psychopathology, personality traits, and behavioral tendencies. Its extensive research base allows for more accurate interpretations of test results.

Question 10

William's father wants him to join the army.William has no desire to join.What personality test could William fool the easiest into believing he had a psychological disorder that might keep him out of the army?

A)MMPI-2
B)Rorschach
C)CPI
D)MBQ

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach test is a projective personality test that assesses a person's emotional and personality functioning based on their responses to ink blots. It is not meant to diagnose psychological disorders, but rather to gain insight into a person's personality, emotions, and thought processes. However, it is known for being more susceptible to manipulation, so William may be able to "fool" the test by giving responses that suggest he has a psychological disorder that would make him unfit for the army. Other tests, such as the MMPI-2 or CPI, are more structured and have validity scales to detect dishonesty or attempts to manipulate the results. The MBQ does not exist as a recognized personality test.

Deck 14: Exsetntion: Personality