Question 1

Which theorist,attempting to explain what dreams are all about,suggested that there are two levels of content to each dream-the manifest content and the latent content.&#10;A)Freud&#10;B)Cartwright&#10;C)Domhoff&#10;D)Van de Castle

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is the theorist who suggested that dreams have two levels of content - manifest content (the surface level of the dream that is remembered upon waking) and latent content (the underlying, unconscious meaning of the dream).

Question 2

What is the most frequently used illegal drug in the United States?&#10;A)Alcohol&#10;B)Cocaine&#10;C)Marijuana&#10;D)Methamphetamine

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States. In 2019, 43.5 million people ages 12 and older reported using marijuana in the past year. This is compared to 5.5 million reporting past-year use of cocaine and 1.9 million reporting past-year use of methamphetamine. While alcohol is not an illegal drug, it is the most commonly used substance overall in the United States.

Question 3

It is tempting,based on anecdotal evidence,to believe that when we die,we will be ushered into a utopian afterlife.After all,many who have had near death experiences (NDEs)have claimed to "see" friends or loved ones waiting for them.There is no scientific evidence,however,to support these claims.This reminds us of which principle of critical thinking?

A)Extraordinary claims
B)Replicability
C)Falsifiability
D)Ruling out rival hypotheses

Extraordinary claims

Accepted Answer

The principle of extraordinary claims states that when an extraordinary claim is made, strong evidence must be provided to support it. Anecdotal evidence, such as NDEs, may seem compelling but it is not considered strong or reliable evidence. Therefore, the belief in a utopian afterlife based on these experiences would be considered an extraordinary claim without strong evidence to support it.

Question 4

At its most basic level,_____ is an exercise in suggestion.&#10;A)hypnosis&#10;B)meditation&#10;C)dreaming&#10;D)lucidity

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is the practice of suggesting or guiding someone into a state of altered consciousness where they become more open and receptive to suggestions. It is essentially an exercise in suggestion, as the hypnotist suggests certain thoughts or behaviors to the person under hypnosis.

Question 5

Sleepwalking occurs most often during _____ sleep.&#10;A)REM&#10;B)stage 1&#10;C)stage 2&#10;D)stage 4

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking most often occurs during deep, non-REM sleep, which is primarily associated with stage 4 of the sleep cycle.

Question 6

Which of the following conditions would you least like the pilot flying your airplane to have?&#10;A)Enuresis&#10;B)Sleep terror&#10;C)Daytime insomnia&#10;D)Narcolepsy

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a serious sleep disorder that can cause sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks. Pilots with narcolepsy are typically unfit to fly due to safety concerns, as they may fall asleep while operating the aircraft. Enuresis, sleep terror, and daytime insomnia can be disruptive or uncomfortable for the pilot, but they do not pose the same level of danger as narcolepsy.

Question 7

Although he knows that it is wrong,Sean has a crush on his new stepmom.He dreams of the two of them running away together and living happily ever after.What aspect of dreaming does this represent?&#10;A)Activation-synthesis&#10;B)Repressed desires&#10;C)Wish fulfillment&#10;D)Dream-work

Accepted Answer

Sean's dream of running away with his stepmom and living happily ever after is an example of wish fulfillment. This idea is likely something he would like to happen, but he knows it is wrong and unrealistic. Dreaming about it allows him to experience the desire without the consequences of actually acting on it.

Question 8

Abdulkadir had a very strange thing happen to him last night.He was sound asleep in bed,and he was dreaming that he was at a party when he won the $250 million dollar lottery spin.As everyone was screaming,jumping up and down,and celebrating,Abdulkadir had the strangest sensation that he was actually dreaming.As it turns out,unfortunately,he was right.What principle explains this experience?

A)Lucid dreaming
B)Conscious dreaming
C)Unconscious dreaming
D)Sentient dreaming

Accepted Answer

Lucid dreaming is when a person becomes aware that they are dreaming while still inside the dream. This allows them to sometimes control or manipulate the dream. In this case, Abdulkadir had the sensation that he was dreaming, indicating that he may have become lucid during the dream.

Question 9

The need to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms is an indication of _____.&#10;A)a craving&#10;B)tolerance&#10;C)psychological dependence&#10;D)physical dependence

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence occurs when the body adapts to the presence of a drug, and stopping the drug leads to withdrawal symptoms. The need to take the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms is a clear indication of physical dependence.

Question 10

We spend the greatest amount of time engaged in what altered state of consciousness?&#10;A)Dreaming&#10;B)Under the influence of drugs&#10;C)Out-of-body experiences&#10;D)Sleeping

Accepted Answer

We spend approximately one-third of our lives sleeping, making it the altered state of consciousness that we spend the most time engaged in.

Deck 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness