Question 1

If Darren's brain is like that of most people,then fine-tuned language skills will be handled by his _____.&#10;A)corpus callosum&#10;B)occipital lobe&#10;C)right cerebral hemisphere&#10;D)left cerebral hemisphere

Accepted Answer

Fine-tuned language skills are typically processed by the left cerebral hemisphere in most people, according to studies on language lateralization.

Question 2

According to _____ theory,memories are initially stored at multiple sites.Over time,storage strengthens at some sites,but weakens at others.&#10;A)memory transfer&#10;B)multiple trace&#10;C)memory consolidation&#10;D)neural realignment

Accepted Answer

The description matches the multiple trace theory, which posits that memories are initially stored at multiple sites in the brain and over time storage strengthens at some sites (traces) but weakens at others. The other choices do not accurately describe this process.

Question 3

Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing.One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident.This is an example of the brain's _____,which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.

A)Adaptology
B)Stagnation
C)Plasticity
D)Reflex arc

Plasticity

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to injury or trauma is plasticity. This is the ability of the brain's neural pathways and synapses to change and adapt in response to new experiences and learning, and is particularly important in recovery from brain injuries. In Jack's case, his brain was able to rewire itself to compensate for the damage caused by his injury, allowing him to eventually regain his ability to speak normally through extensive speech therapy.

Question 4

Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?&#10;A)GABA&#10;B)Dopamine&#10;C)Serotonin&#10;D)Acetycholine

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is involved in regulating mood and appetite. Low levels of serotonin have been linked to depression and anxiety, as well as increased appetite and cravings for carbohydrates. Seeking medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems may suggest that Andy's serotonin levels are not functioning properly.

Question 5

A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help form myelin and the blood-brain barrier,respond to injury,remove debris,and enhance learning and memory is called a(n)_____ cell.&#10;A)epidermal&#10;B)adipose&#10;C)glial&#10;D)polypeptide-Y

Accepted Answer

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that make up the majority of cells in the human nervous system. They play important roles in supporting, protecting, and nourishing neurons. One of their primary functions is to form myelin, a fatty substance that insulates neurons and helps them transmit signals more efficiently. Glial cells also help form the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood. They respond to injury by migrating to the site of damage and releasing chemicals that promote healing. Additionally, glial cells are involved in learning and memory processes.

Question 6

People's genetic makeup is their&#10;A)genotype.&#10;B)phenotype.&#10;C)mRNA.&#10;D)genome.

Accepted Answer

- Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by their unique combination of alleles. 
- Genome refers to the entire set of an organism's genetic material, including both coding and non-coding regions. Therefore, both A and D are correct choices. 
- Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism, resulting from both genetic and environmental factors. 
- mRNA is a molecule that helps to translate genetic information in DNA into protein sequences, but it is not equivalent to an individual's genetic makeup.

Question 7

When a neuron fires,it fires in a(n)_____ fashion,as there is no such thing as &#34;partial&#34; firing.&#10;A)all-or-none&#10;B)rapid fire&#10;C)accidental patterned&#10;D)quick succession

Accepted Answer

Neurons follow the all-or-none law, which means that they either fire completely or not at all. There is no partial or half-firing. This is because the threshold for firing must be exceeded for an action potential to occur.

Question 8

Kayla and Layla are twins who were separated at birth.A researcher interested in studying heredity tracks them down and speaks to their different families about the benefits that can be achieved by studying the two young girls.The girls and their different sets of parents agree to participate,and studies begin assessing various areas of the girls' lives.In order for this type of twin study to be most effective,what kind of twins should Kayla and Layla be?

A)Conjoined
B)Monozygotic
C)Amorphous
D)Dizygotic

Accepted Answer

The most effective type of twin study would require twins who share identical genetic makeup, so Kayla and Layla should be monozygotic (identical) twins. This would allow researchers to more easily identify differences between the two based on environmental factors rather than genetic differences.

Question 9

Hideki has had difficulty sleeping.His doctor wishes to examine his sleep patterns to determine the cause of his sleep problems.The doctor will most likely perform a(n)&#10;A)EEG.&#10;B)CT Scan.&#10;C)PET Scan.&#10;D)MRI.

Accepted Answer

An EEG or electroencephalogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the brain. It is commonly used to diagnose sleep disorders, such as insomnia or sleep apnea. Therefore, in this situation, an EEG is the best option for the doctor to examine Hideki's sleep patterns and determine the cause of his sleep problems. CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs are not typically used to examine sleep patterns.

Question 10

The _____ is sometimes called the emergency center of the body.&#10;A)pineal gland&#10;B)pituitary gland&#10;C)thyroid gland&#10;D)adrenal gland

Accepted Answer

The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which help the body respond to stress and emergencies. Thus, it is sometimes referred to as the emergency center of the body.

Deck 3: Biological Psychology