Deck 11: Interpreting Peoples Stories: From Freud to Today

Question 1

Jung's approach to dream interpretation would emphasize all of the following except

A) Dreams as symbols of universal myths
B) Dreams as anticipations of future problems
C) Dreams as expressions of the desire for balance in personality
D) Dreams as revelations of instinctual frustration

Answer 1

Dreams as revelations of instinctual frustration

Question 2

The psychoanalytic method of free association involves

A) Reporting one's stream of thoughts spontaneously as they occur
B) Interacting with many different people in a nondiscriminatory way
C) Interpreting the manifest content of the dream in terms of the latent content
D) Engaging in behavior that is free of superego restraint

Answer 2

Reporting one's stream of thoughts spontaneously as they occur

Question 3

In Dora's dream of the jewel-case, fire represents

A) Her father's concern that his summer home might burn down
B) Sexual love
C) Bedwetting
D) All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

In the Oedipus complex, penis envy symbolizes desire for

A) Power
B) Sexuality
C) Nurturance
D) Justice

Question 5

In Hermans' theory of the dialogical self, a valuation is

A) Anything that a person finds to be important for life
B) An assessment of a person's progress in identity formation
C) A goal that society suggests the person should achieve
D) A split in the self between the "I" and the "me"

Question 6

From Freud's perspective, a dream's manifest content is the

A) Symbols in the dream
B) Dream as it is consciously remembered
C) Process of distorting the dream
D) Objective meaning of the dream

Question 7

Hermans argues that the self is "dialogical" because

A) People come to understand who they are through dialogue with other people
B) Different self-positions engage in dialogue with each other
C) The self reflects the social discourse in a person's environment
D) A single author the `I') communicates with many self-concepts "me's")

Question 8

For Jung, the archetypes are located in the

A) Personal unconscious
B) Self
C) Collective unconscious
D) Id

Question 9

In the normal resolution of the Oedipus complex,

A) Identification follows object choice
B) Object choice follows identification
C) The superego takes over the ego's domain
D) The ego takes over the superego's domain

Question 10

In Jungian psychology, individuation involves all of the following except

A) The maturation of the self
B) Exploration of the unconscious
C) Integration of opposites
D) The triumph of the ego

Question 11

In Hermans' theory, S-motives refer to

A) Support from others
B) Self-actualization
C) Agency
D) Libidinal urges

Question 12

In Freud's conception of the Oedipus complex, castration anxiety symbolizes the fear of

A) Success
B) Failure
C) Dependency
D) Powerlessness

Question 13

The process of moving from the manifest content to the latent content in dreams is called dream

A) Interpretation
B) Work
C) Destruction
D) Transference

Question 14

The Freudian approach to interpretation of life narratives assumes all of the following except

A) Behavior may be interpreted on many different levels
B) Behavior is a product of compromise among forces
C) No single interpretation is ever complete and fully true
D) Interpretation may be achieved through rational analysis

Question 15

A Freudian view of Yukio Mishima's suicide would include

A) A regression to the oral stage of development
B) Confusion between Mishima's object choice and identification
C) Inability of Mishima to repress his dreams
D) Mishima's libido overcoming his life instinct

Question 16

In Nancy Chorodow's reinterpretation of the Freudian Oedipal complex, little girls develop an interdependent orientation to the world and little boys develop an oppositional orientation because

A) Girls identify with mother and boys view themselves as different from mother
B) Fathers are more nurturant toward girls than toward boys
C) Girls look to complete themselves in relationships whereas boys already feel completed
D) Society encourages girls to be socially cooperative and encourages boys to be competitive

Question 17

The fact that there is always more material in the latent than in the manifest level of the dream suggests that dreams are

A) Overdetermined
B) Treaties
C) Symbolic creations
D) Impossible to interpret

Question 18

According to Freud, Dora unconsciously comprehends her own mother's preoccupation with cleanliness as a

A) Fixation at the anal stage of development
B) Response to her husband's venereal disease
C) Way of obtaining the love of her daughter and husband
D) Fear of falling into a disorderly state of mind

Question 19

Which of the following archetypes in Jung's theory of life stories and myths embodies the wild and bestial aspects of human nature?

A) Anima
B) Shadow
C) Persona
D) Trickster

Question 20

All of the following are true of Jungian archetypes except that they

A) Are universal patterns or forms
B) Remain repressed because they are too threatening
C) Are linked to natural events and transitions in the human life cycle
D) Set instinctual limits on human behavior and experience

Question 21

Which of the following ideas best describes the "postmodern" attitude about self and identity?

A) The self is multiple and ambiguous
B) Achieving identity requires hard psychological work
C) Eternal truths exist within the person rather than in society
D) Selves are discovered rather than made

Question 22

Hermans's dialogical approach to life narratives uses a self-confrontation strategy for research. According to this strategy, the research participant is an)

A) Opponent
B) Co-investigator
C) Passive subject in an experiment
D) Patient

Question 23

The fictional finalism provides life strivings with

A) False images of self
B) Goals for the future
C) A belief in the afterlife
D) Dynamic traits for interpersonal relationships

Question 24

Feminist approaches to interpreting life stories tend to

A) Suggest that men dominate life and determine narrative meanings.
B) Emphasize psychological differences between men and women.
C) Place gender at the center of the interpretive process.
D) Replace psychological frameworks with sociological ones.

Question 25

Adler's term for the overall pattern of a person's life is

A) Self
B) Style of life
C) Identity
D) Phenomenal field

Question 26

Adler's individual psychology emphasizes all of the following themes except

A) Unconscious determinants of behavior
B) Creating the self
C) Life as narrative
D) Social determinants of behavior

Question 27

To suggest that human lives are like "texts" is to adopt which of the following root metaphors for psychology?

A) Mechanism
B) Organicism
C) Dramaturgical
D) Narrative

Question 28

According to Adler, first-born children should show which of the following characteristics?

A) Being spoiled
B) Skepticism about authority
C) Competitiveness
D) Conservatism

Question 29

In which of the following famous case studies did Freud and Breuer discover that a patient's talking about narrating) dreams and daytime fantasies helped to relieve the patient's symptoms?

A) Ann O
B) Frau Emmy von N.
C) Little Hans
D) The Rat Man

Question 30

For Freud, the dream work relates to dreams in the same way that _____ relates to pathological symptoms.

A) Symptom formation
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Narrative interpretation
D) Empathy

Question 31

Bruner argues that a story is not told until there is a "deviation from the canonical." He means that if a story is to be considered worth telling, it must contain

A) Something unexpected
B) Violation of society's laws
C) A hero
D) A moral lesson about how not to live

Question 32

Adler's concept for the person's sense of kinship for all of humanity is called

A) Intimacy motivation
B) Communion
C) Eros
D) Social interest

Question 33

In Gregg's approach to interpreting life stories as if they were pieces of music, personal images that hold high moral significance are related to similar images that are less valued by being

A) Set in a parallel melody
B) Raised an octave
C) Played in a minor key
D) Inverted and extended in a fugue

Question 34

In psychoanalytic approaches, when a therapist or researcher) projects his or her own feelings and wishes regarding the patient or participant) onto the relationship with the patient or participant), this is an example of

A) Dream work
B) Hermeneutics
C) Transference
D) Countertransference

Question 35

Hermans's approach for studying the dialogical self involves

A) Projective assessment
B) Cooperative interviewing
C) Laboratory observation
D) Monitoring daily behavior and thoughts

Question 36

According to Abigail Stewart, feminist strategies for studying women's lives should incorporate all of the following procedures except

A) Examination of power relationships as they relate to gender
B) Assessing the investigator's own relationship to the material being studied
C) Paying careful attention of social position and context
D) Exploring the coherence and unity of the woman's self-concept

Question 37

Freud's approach to dream interpretation and the postmodern approach to understanding life stories have which of the following principles in common?

A) People's stories are not as coherent as they initially seem.
B) People's stories are determined by inner, unconscious forces.
C) People's stories are strongly shaped by cultural norms and categories.
D) People are active agents in constructing their own purposeful life stories.

Question 38

Early memories of students who report that they exert effective control in the world emphasize

A) Passive activity
B) Experiences of joy and excitement
C) Strong parental control over behavior
D) Personally causing events to occur

Question 39

Adler's concept of striving for superiority refers to a basic human desire for

A) Power
B) Communion
C) Completion
D) Happiness

Question 40

Which of the following ideas is not a central part of Gregg's theory of the self as music and story?

A) The self is filled with tension and conflict
B) The self reflects the power structures of the social world within which the individual lives
C) A single true self can be disconcerned as a dominant melody in life
D) Opposite images in the self exist in an octave relation

Question 41

When Hermans describes multiple voices and "I" positions in the dialogical self, he almost seems to be suggesting that people have multiple personalities. What do the students think? Do people feel that Hermans's conception makes sense in terms of their own inner lives?

Question 42

What does it mean to suggest, as Freud does, that all behavior and experience may be seen as similar to a "text" and a "treaty?" What are the implications of this view for understanding persons?

Question 43

Of all the theories reviewed in this chapter, Jung's analytical psychology seems to pay the least attention to the influence of the social world. Is this a problem? What are the strengths and the limitations of Jung's approach?

Question 44

Discuss alternative methods Freud might have employed to analyze Dora's dream of the jewel-case.

Question 45

Some writers on the postmodern self suggest that it is futile to try to compose a coherent identity in today's world. Do the students agree?

Question 46

Some feminist approaches to life narrative argue that examining women's lives requires different strategies and approaches than those that might be used to understand the lives of men. Do the students agree?