Question 1

The period of the stance phase when the body is directly over the weight-bearing limb and the vertical displacement of the pelvis is at its highest point is&#10;A) initial contact.&#10;B) loading response.&#10;C) midstance.&#10;D) terminal stance.

Accepted Answer

This period is referred to as midstance, as the body is directly over the weight-bearing limb and the vertical displacement of the pelvis is at its highest point during this phase. A is incorrect because initial contact is the point when the foot first touches the ground, B is incorrect because loading response is the period when the weight is moving onto the foot and the foot is adapting to the ground, and D is incorrect because terminal stance is the final period of the stance phase when the heel is starting to lift off the ground.

Question 2

Which muscle group slows down the knee motion in terminal swing and prevents the knee from &#34;snapping&#34; into extension just prior to initial contact?&#10;A) Hip flexors&#10;B) Knee flexors&#10;C) Hip extensors&#10;D) Knee extensors

Accepted Answer

The knee flexors, which include the hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles, slow down the knee motion in terminal swing and prevent the knee from "snapping" into extension just prior to initial contact. This helps to control the movement of the lower leg and prevent injury.

Question 3

A difficulty or slowness in initiating gait is characteristic of which of the following conditions?&#10;A) Rheumatoid arthritis&#10;B) Nonfunctioning gastrocnemius muscle&#10;C) Parkinsonism&#10;D) Muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

Parkinsonism is characterized by bradykinesia, which includes difficulty in initiating and executing movement, including gait.

Question 4

Weakness of the gastrocnemius muscle group can cause a gait best described as&#10;A) rocking horse gait.&#10;B) sore foot limp.&#10;C) foot slap.&#10;D) ataxic gait.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Weakness of the gastrocnemius muscle group can...

Question 5

A gait pattern characterized by a wide base of support and unsteady movements is called&#10;A) Parkinsonian gait.&#10;B) scissors gait.&#10;C) ataxic gait.&#10;D) antalgic gait.

Accepted Answer

An ataxic gait is characterized by unsteady movements and a wide base of support, indicating a loss of coordination and balance. Parkinsonian gait is characterized by small shuffling steps and a stooped posture. Scissors gait is characterized by a crossing over of the legs while walking. Antalgic gait is characterized by a limp or shortened stance on one leg due to pain.

Question 6

If you are describing a gait abnormality that occurs when the heel leaves the ground but the ball of the foot and toes remain in contact with the ground,you are speaking of which portion of the stance phase?

A) Initial contact
B) Midstance
C) Terminal stance
D) Terminal swing

Accepted Answer

This gait abnormality is known as a "toe walk" and occurs during the latter part of the stance phase, specifically during terminal stance when the body weight transfers from the forefoot to the heels. During this phase, the heel is elevated off the ground, but the ball of the foot and toes remain in contact with the ground.

Question 7

Having paralysis of the ankle dorsiflexors would cause which type of gait?&#10;A) Steppage gait&#10;B) Bell clapper gait&#10;C) Sore foot limp&#10;D) Rocking horse gait

Accepted Answer

Paralysis of the ankle dorsiflexors leads to "steppage gait," in which the person lifts their leg higher than normal during the swing phase to avoid dragging the toes or foot.

Question 8

A normal width of walking base measured from the midpoint of each heel is A)( ¹/₂ inch). B) 1 inch. C) 3 inches. D) 6 inches.

Accepted Answer

The normal width of walking base is approximately 3 inches, as measured from the midpoint of each heel. Option A looks like a measurement based on landmarks, but it is not a standard measurement for the normal width of walking base. Options B and D are too narrow and too wide, respectively, for the average walking base.

Question 9

The term used to describe the distance between heel strike of one limb and heel strike of the other is&#10;A) double support.&#10;B) step length.&#10;C) cadence.&#10;D) single support.

Accepted Answer

Step length is the term used to describe the distance between heel strike of one limb and heel strike of the other. Double support is the period of time when both feet are on the ground, while single support is the period of time when only one foot is on the ground. Cadence refers to the number of steps taken per minute.

Question 10

A verbal cue that you could give a patient with poor balance to improve their gait safety is&#10;A) increase the cadence.&#10;B) decrease the step length.&#10;C) increase the width of walking base.&#10;D) B and C

Accepted Answer

Decreasing step length and increasing the width of walking base can help in improving the patient's base of support and reducing the risk of falls. By bringing the feet closer together and shortening the step length, the patient's center of gravity is shifted forward, making it easier to maintain balance. Additionally, increasing the width of the walking base helps to provide a wider support base, making it easier to maintain balance in all directions. Increasing the cadence alone may not be helpful in improving balance and gait safety.

Question 11

The term used to describe walking speed is&#10;A) cadence.&#10;B) stride length.&#10;C) gait cycle.&#10;D) period of nonsupport.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term used to describe walking speed...

Question 12

During the loading response of the stance phase,which muscle group contracts eccentrically to keep the foot from slapping the ground as that extremity accepts the body's weight?&#10;A) Knee extensors&#10;B) Ankle dorsiflexors&#10;C) Ankle plantar flexors&#10;D) Toe flexors

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the loading response of the stance...

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of arm swing in gait?&#10;A) Serves to slow down the lower limbs to maintain balance and control&#10;B) Provides a counterrotation effect to the trunk&#10;C) Helps to propel the lower limbs forward in space&#10;D) None of the above-it is strictly a passive,extraneous activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements best describes...

Question 14

The term used to describe the activity that occurs between the time of heel strike of one extremity and the heel strike of that same extremity is&#10;A) double support.&#10;B) stride length.&#10;C) gait cycle.&#10;D) cadence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term used to describe the activity...

Question 15

When pain is present in the leg,which phase of the gait cycle is shortened?&#10;A) Preswing&#10;B) Midswing&#10;C) Swing&#10;D) Stance

Accepted Answer

The answer of When pain is present in the leg,which...

Question 16

You measure a person's leg lengths and note that there is a difference of ³/₄ inch.You inform your patient that this is an atypical finding.What would be a typical range for leg length discrepancy? A) (¹/₈) inch or less B) (¹/₄) inch or less C) (¹/₂) inch or less D) Typical is the legs being exactly the same length

Accepted Answer

The answer of You measure a person's leg lengths and...

Question 17

You will be working with a patient who has had a stroke.You expect which of the following descriptions to best characterize the typical gait pattern that you will see?&#10;A) Excessive anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis with exaggerated arm swing&#10;B) A shift of the trunk to the affected side with weight-bearing&#10;C) Weight shift to the uninvolved side with circumduction of the involved leg&#10;D) A quick shift posteriorly of the trunk at the moment of heel strike

Accepted Answer

The answer of You will be working with a patient...

Question 18

If you note a problem with gait that occurs when the non-weight-bearing limb is directly under the body,you are speaking of which part of the swing phase?&#10;A) Preswing&#10;B) Initial swing&#10;C) Midswing&#10;D) Terminal swing

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you note a problem with gait...

Question 19

Your patient has a long leg cast on the left leg but is allowed to bear weight while ambulating.During the swing phase,what will you likely see that person do to move that limb forward?&#10;A) Extend the trunk&#10;B) Shift the trunk to the left side during swing phase&#10;C) Circumduct the left hip&#10;D) Flex the knee on the right side

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has a long leg cast...

Question 20

Your patient has a tendency to cross the unsupported limb in front of the other during swing phase.This could indicate spasticity of which of the following muscle groups?&#10;A) Hip flexors&#10;B) Hip adductors&#10;C) Knee extensors&#10;D) Ankle plantar flexors

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has a tendency to cross...

Question 21

Which of the following is true regarding the changes in gait that occur with an elderly person?&#10;A) Increased time in stance phase&#10;B) Shorter step length&#10;C) Decreased vertical displacement&#10;D) All of the above are true regarding gait changes with age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true regarding...

Question 22

Vertical displacement of the center of gravity is at its lowest at which point in the gait cycle?&#10;A) Midstance&#10;B) Midswing&#10;C) Initial contact&#10;D) Preswing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vertical displacement of the center of gravity...

Deck 22: Gait