Deck 15: Neck and Trunk

Question 1

The quadratus lumborum is a prime mover in which of the following trunk motions?

A) Trunk flexion
B) Compression of abdominal contents
C) Trunk extension
D) Lateral bending

Answer 1

Lateral bending

Question 2

The facet joints of the lumbar spine primarily run in which plane to allow good spinal flexion and extension?

A) Frontal plane
B) Sagittal plane
C) Transverse plane
D) A and C

Answer 2

Sagittal plane

Question 3

Which cervical muscle,when contracted unilaterally,rotates the head to the opposite side?

A) Splenius capitis
B) Sternocleidomastoid
C) Erector spinae
D) Scalene

Answer 3

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 4

Which of the following is the best position to achieve eccentric strengthening of the trunk extensors?

A) Supine,curl up with focus on the "up" part of the exercise
B) Supine,curl up with focus on the "down" part of the exercise
C) Prone,raise head and shoulders with focus on the "up" part of the exercise
D) Prone,raise head and shoulders with focus on the "down" part of the exercise

Question 5

When you instruct a client in a "chin tuck" exercise,which of the following is occurring with the head muscles?

A) Head flexors and head extensors are being stretched.
B) Head flexors and head extensors are being strengthened.
C) Head flexors are being strengthened; head extensors are being stretched.
D) Head flexors are being stretched; head extensors are being strengthened.

Question 6

The muscle that originates on the iliac crest and inserts on the 12th rib and transverse processes of T12 to L5 is the

A) iliopsoas.
B) quadratus lumborum.
C) rectus abdominis.
D) internal oblique.

Question 7

The muscle that originates on the spinous processes of T3 through T6 and inserts on the transverse processes of C1 through C3 is the

A) scalene.
B) sternocleidomastoid.
C) splenius cervicis.
D) clavicular portion of the pectoralis major.

Question 8

The bony landmark of the vertebra that makes up the anterior portion of the neural arch is called the

A) lamina.
B) pedicle.
C) vertebral foramen.
D) spinous process.

Question 9

The posteriorly located muscles that primarily serve to extend,laterally bend,and rotate the head are called the

A) erector spinae muscles.
B) hyoid muscles.
C) prevertebral muscles.
D) suboccipital muscles.

Question 10

The trunk muscle whose primary function is compression of abdominal contents is the

A) rectus abdominis.
B) internal oblique.
C) external oblique.
D) transverse abdominis.

Question 11

Which muscle originates on the transverse process of a vertebra and inserts on the spinous process of the vertebra above?

A) Interspinalis
B) Intertransversarii
C) Transversospinalis
D) Erector spinae

Question 12

The spinal ligament that runs posteriorly along the vertebral bodies inside the vertebral foramen is called the

A) ligamentum flavum.
B) supraspinous ligament.
C) anterior longitudinal ligament.
D) posterior longitudinal ligament.

Question 13

Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebra and inserts on the first and second ribs?

A) Sternocleidomastoid
B) Scalene
C) Splenius capitis
D) Splenius cervicis

Question 14

All of the following muscles,when contracted unilaterally,will produce lateral bend of the spine EXCEPT the

A) intertransversarii.
B) scalene.
C) rectus abdominis.
D) external oblique.

Question 15

The erector spinae are prime movers in which of the following motions?

A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Lateral bend
D) B and C

Question 16

The trunk muscle that originates on the pubis and inserts on the costal cartilages of the fifth,sixth,and seventh ribs is the

A) external oblique.
B) internal oblique.
C) transverse abdominis.
D) rectus abdominis.

Question 17

The muscle of the cervical spine that is innervated by cranial nerve XI is the

A) sternocleidomastoid.
B) scalene.
C) splenius capitis.
D) splenius cervicis.

Question 18

Having a client bend the hips and knees to do sit-ups for abdominal strengthening instead of keeping the legs straight serves what purpose?

A) Makes the stronger hip flexors passively insufficient
B) Makes the stronger hip flexors actively insufficient
C) Makes the trunk flexors less actively insufficient
D) Has no role in muscle work; makes the exercise look easier for better patient compliance

Question 19

Which is the best position and instruction for a scoliosis client to strengthen lateral benders of the right side of the trunk?

A) Supine,laterally bend to right
B) Prone,laterally bend to left
C) Side-lying over an exercise ball,laterally bend to right
D) Any of the above are equally effective.

Question 20

Which is the best instruction to most effectively stretch the left sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A) Flex and laterally bend to the right; rotate to the left side
B) Flex and laterally bend to the right; rotate to the right side
C) Flex and laterally bend to the left; rotate to the left side
D) Flex and laterally bend to the left; rotate to the right side

Question 21

A common type of fracture seen in those with osteoporosis is which of the following?

A) Hangman's fracture
B) Compression fracture
C) Spondylolisthesis
D) Torticollis

Question 22

A spinal pathology characterized by chronic inflammation of the vertebral column and SI joints is which of the following?

A) Spondylosis
B) Stenosis
C) Scoliosis
D) Ankylosing spondylitis