Deck 11: Personality Theory and Assessment

Question 1

Which of the following, according to Freud, contains elements of experience that are usually out of awareness, but that can be made conscious if focused upon?

A) Preconscious
B) Primitive
C) Conscious
D) Unconscious

Answer 1

Preconscious

Question 2

An individual's unique characteristic patterns of thinking, behaving and feeling is called

A) psychic determiners.
B) intelligence.
C) temperament.
D) personality

Answer 2

personality

Question 3

According to Freud, the id

A) serves as thedividual's conscience.
B) desires immediate, total gratification of needs and urges
C) acts according to the morality principle.
D) operates according to the reality principle satisfying needs.

Answer 3

desires immediate, total gratification of needs and urges

Question 4

According to Freud, we can assume that as you read this question you are experiencing this moment in your

A) unconscious.
B) preconscious.
C) conscious
D) ego.

Question 5

According to Freud, the bulk of the human mind is in the realm of the:

A) preconscious.
B) superego.
C) unconscious
D) conscious.

Question 6

According to Freud, which of the following reside in the conscious?

A) Selfish needs
B) Stored knowledge
C) Repressed memories
D) Moment-to-moment thoughts and feelings

Question 7

Personality is defined as

A) the degree of popularity or social approval accorded andividual.
B) the common characteristics that alldividuals share regardless of superficial differences.
C) unpredictable deviations from andividual's usual pattern of behaviour.
D) andividual's unique and stable pattern of characteristics and behaviour

Question 8

When Hua momentarily recalls an incident from childhood, that memory moved from the

A) conscious to the preconscious.
B) preconscious to the unconscious.
C) unconscious to the conscious.
D) preconscious to the conscious

Question 9

In the psychoanalytic system of the personality, where are the untamed passions and biological urges held?

A) Superego
B) Conscious
C) Ego
D) Id

Question 10

According to Freud, your address and telephone number would usually reside in your

A) unconscious.
B) preconscious
C) conscious mind.
D) ego.

Question 11

The term _____________refers not only to a therapy for treating psychological disorders but also to a personality theory.

A) Preconscious theory
B) Jungian theory
C) Humanistic theory
D) Psychoanalysis theory

Question 12

Sigmund Freud's theory is built on

A) a theoretical description of the way which people learn to socialize from their family.
B) assumptions about lifelong human growth and development.
C) the concept of psychic determinism.
D) information gained from the treatment of his patients and his own life experiences

Question 13

Which of the following is not a major component of Freud's theory?

A) The dominant role of the unconscious determining our thoughts and behaviour
B) The concept offantile sexuality
C) The idea that some of our thoughts and behaviours happen by chance or accident
D) The central role of sexualstinct

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the ideas central to psychoanalytic theory?

A) The sexualstinct
B) The unconscious
C) Infantile sexuality
D) The lack of a cause for most human thought and behaviour

Question 15

The id is ________ unconscious and operates according to the ________ principle.

A) completely; reality
B) partly; pleasure
C) partly; reality
D) completely; pleasure

Question 16

According to Freud, which of the following would not reside at the level of the unconscious?

A) Shameful experiences
B) Accessible memories
C) Immoral urges
D) Untamed passions

Question 17

The definition of the term personality includes which aspect?

A) Idiosyncratic features which cannot be measured
B) Unique patterns of behaving
C) Unique features for which measurement devices exist
D) Unique patterns of thinking

Question 18

According to Freud, whatever we are thinking at any given moment would be part of our

A) id.
B) preconscious.
C) conscious
D) unconscious.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes what is meant by the term psychoanalysis?

A) It is a theory of the unconscious.
B) It is a therapy for treating psychological disorders.
C) It is both a therapy for treating psychological disorders and a theory of personality
D) It is a theory of personality.

Question 20

The theory of psychoanalysis was developed under the leadership of

A) Alfred Adler.
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Abraham Maslow.
D) Carl Rogers.

Question 21

According to Freud, the part of the personality that corresponds roughly to the word "reason" is the

A) ego
B) conscious.
C) id.
D) superego.

Question 22

Which of the following operates by the guideline "I want it and I want it now!"?

A) Ego
B) Conscious
C) Superego
D) Id

Question 23

Which of the following is not descriptive of Freud's ego?

A) Moral
B) Practical
C) Rational
D) Reality oriented

Question 24

What is Freud's term for the psychic or sexual energy that comes from the id and provides energy for the entire personality?

A) Thanatos
B) Fixation
C) Magnetism
D) Libido

Question 25

The part of the personality Freud called the id roughly corresponds to the concept of

A) conscience.
B) desire
C) reason.
D) restriction.

Question 26

The concept of the superego is similar to the concept of

A) conscience
B) socialization.
C) justice.
D) self-actualization.

Question 27

The moral system of personality, which consists of conscience and ego ideal, is the

A) superego
B) ego.
C) preconscious.
D) id.

Question 28

According to Freud, what part of the personality takes account of the external world and directs behaviour so as to satisfy the demands of the id?

A) Superego
B) Id
C) Ego
D) Conscious

Question 29

The part of the personality which would make you want to eat, drink, and be merry is your

A) id
B) ego ideal.
C) superego.
D) ego.

Question 30

According to psychoanalytic theory, __________ operates according to the __________ principle.

A) id; reality
B) superego; reality
C) id; pleasure
D) ego; compromise

Question 31

Which of the following terms best describes the role played by the ego, in consideration of the id and reality?

A) Negotiator
B) Supporter
C) Enforcer
D) Defiant

Question 32

The ego operates on the ________ principle and is best described as ________.

A) reality; moral
B) reality; pleasure-seeking
C) pleasure; practical
D) reality; practical

Question 33

According to Freud, the id operates in accordance with the ________ principle, whereas the ego operates in accordance with the ________ principle.

A) pleasure; moral
B) pleasure; reality
C) reality; pleasure
D) immoral; reality

Question 34

According to psychoanalytic theory, one of the ego's task is to

A) hold the id check until conditions appropriate for satisfaction of its impulses exist
B) operate accordance with the pleasure principle.
C) set moral guidelines for the id.
D) provide the source of energy for human personality.

Question 35

According to Freud, the part of the personality that corresponds roughly to the conscience is the

A) superego
B) ego.
C) id.
D) preconscious.

Question 36

The part of the personality that must determine the most appropriate ways and means of satisfying your biological urges is the

A) ego
B) ego ideal.
C) id.
D) superego.

Question 37

You just found a gold watch in a darkened movie theatre. What part of your personality would urge you to turn it in to the lost and found?

A) Ego
B) Id
C) Unconscious
D) Superego

Question 38

One might say that the ________ is in control of rapists and murderers.

A) id
B) libido
C) preconscious
D) superego

Question 39

The id is best described as

A) practical and opportunistic.
B) practical and unsympathetic.
C) irrational and selfish
D) moral and rational.

Question 40

The superego could be described as

A) the source of our knowledge.
B) more primitive than the id.
C) enlightened and modern.
D) our book of golden rules

Question 41

Whenever the ego is unable to solve its problems rationally, it turns to

A) emotions.
B) the superego.
C) free association.
D) defence mechanisms

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of repression?

A) Gustavo does not remember being humiliated by his football coach
B) Bernard asks a professor to raise his grade; when the professor refuses, Bernard throws a temper tantrum.
C) Hua explains that he ate an entire chocolate cake so that it wouldn't spoil the summer heat.
D) Paul redirects anger from his boss to his dog.

Question 43

Id is to ego as

A) desire is to conscience.
B) desire is to reason
C) conscience is to desire.
D) reason is to desire.

Question 44

Id is to ________ as ego is to ________.

A) pleasure-seeking; rational
B) rational; moral
C) pleasure-seeking; moral
D) moral: rational

Question 45

What defence mechanism did Freud believe was the most important, the most frequently used, and present to some extent in all other defence mechanisms?

A) Repression
B) Sublimation
C) Rationalization
D) Projection

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of rationalization?

A) Phil fails to recognize his attraction to his son's date.
B) Bernard asks a professor to raise his grade; when the professor refuses, Bernard throws a temper tantrum.
C) Paul redirects anger from his boss to his dog.
D) Hua explains that he ate an entire chocolate cake so that it wouldn't spoil the summer heat

Question 47

Which of the following statements is not true of defence mechanisms?

A) They help defend the ego against anxiety.
B) To be effective, they must operate on an unconscious level.
C) Theyvolve a distortion the way we perceive reality.
D) Their usedicates abnormal behaviour

Question 48

Which of the following involves the use of self-deception and distortions by the ego to protect against anxiety?

A) Lifestinct
B) Free association
C) Fixation
D) Defence mechanisms

Question 49

According to Freud, repression operates in all of the following ways except

A) removing painful memories from consciousness and keeping them the unconscious.
B) preventing disturbing aggressive impulses the unconscious from entering consciousness.
C) preventing disturbing sexual impulses the unconscious from entering consciousness.
D) rechannelling sexual or aggressive energyto pursuits and accomplishments that society considers praiseworthy

Question 50

Rationalization is defined as

A) taking out our frustrations on a less threatening person or object.
B) attributing our own undesirable thoughts or behaviour to others.
C) reverting to a behaviour that might have reduced anxiety at an earlier stage of development.
D) making excuses to justify our failures or mistakes

Question 51

The defence mechanism in which people attribute their own undesirable traits to others is called

A) projection
B) sublimation.
C) rationalization.
D) denial.

Question 52

William lives a lifestyle that places him at a high risk for contracting the HIV (AIDS) virus. He insists that he does not have any chance of being infected and refuses to take precautions. From the psychoanalytic point of view, William is using the defence mechanism of

A) reaction formation.
B) denial
C) sublimation.
D) displacement.

Question 53

Trudy denies her anger with her best friend Leah, and claims that it is Leah who is upset. Trudy may be using the defence mechanism called

A) projection
B) ego protection.
C) sublimation.
D) denial.

Question 54

Boris has just been told by his fiancée that the engagement is off. He insists that she is playing a joke, and does not really mean it. But she does. Boris is probably using

A) projection
B) regression
C) reaction formation.
D) sublimation.

Question 55

Projection is defined as

A) reverting to a behaviour that might have reduced anxiety at an earlier stage of development.
B) attributing our own undesirable thoughts or behaviour to others
C) taking out our frustrations on a less threatening person or object.
D) making excuses to justify our failures or mistakes.

Question 56

The purpose of a defense mechanism is to

A) protect the superego from the ego.
B) complete the development of the mind, so that all three parts can express themselves.
C) protect ourselves against anxiety and to maintain self-esteem
D) allow the expression of the id its raw form.

Question 57

Ego is to ________ as superego is to ________.

A) rational; moral
B) pleasure-seeking; rational
C) pleasure-seeking; moral
D) moral; rational

Question 58

Jamil has a great fear of dentists. He makes an appointment with his dentist, but although he marks the date and time on his calendar and in his date book, he still forgets to go. Freud would say that Jamil practiced the defence mechanism of

A) exclusion.
B) repression
C) projection.
D) repulsion.

Question 59

Forgetting a traumatic childhood experience would be an example of

A) displacement.
B) sublimation.
C) rationalization.
D) repression

Question 60

Id is to ________ as superego is to ________.

A) pleasure-seeking; rational
B) rational; moral
C) pleasure-seeking; moral
D) moral; rational

Question 61

What defence mechanism do most of us use to justify our failures and to explain behaviour of which we are ashamed?

A) Sublimation
B) Displacement
C) Projection
D) Rationalization

Question 62

According to Freud, the sex instinct

A) first appears during the phallic stage.
B) first appears at puberty.
C) is learned.
D) is present at birth

Question 63

Creating a work of art in moments of severe personal crisis may be an expression of the defence mechanism of

A) displacement.
B) rationalization.
C) sublimation
D) repression.

Question 64

Maxine makes excuses, finding self-deceiving justification for unacceptable ideas and impulses. This is called

A) suppression.
B) projection.
C) repression.
D) rationalization

Question 65

Dalia has shown an aggressive streak since she was a child. As an adult, she learned to channel her "fighting" instinct toward becoming an excellent kickboxing instructor. Which of the following defence mechanisms has she used?

A) Reaction formation
B) Projection
C) Repression
D) Sublimation

Question 66

Displacement is defined as

A) making excuses to justify our failures or mistakes.
B) reverting to a behaviour that might have reduced anxiety at an earlier stage of development.
C) taking out our frustrations on a less threatening person or object
D) attributing our own undesirable thoughts or behaviour to others.

Question 67

The defence mechanism in which the energy from an unacceptable impulse is redirected into a socially desirable form is called

A) rationalization.
B) projection.
C) reaction formation.
D) sublimation

Question 68

Michel recently quit smoking, and now he constantly talks about how disgusting and dangerous smoking is. What defence mechanism might Michel be using?

A) Reaction formation
B) Displacement
C) Regression
D) Sublimation

Question 69

According to Freud, a fixation develops as a result of

A) either too much or too little gratification at a psychosexual stage
B) too much gratification at a psychosexual stage.
C) the proper mix of overindulgence and frustration at a psychosexual stage.
D) too little gratification at a psychosexual stage.

Question 70

Which of the following is not one of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A) Genital
B) Latency
C) Libido
D) Anal

Question 71

Which of the following is an example of displacement?

A) Paul redirects anger from the boss to the dog
B) Phil fails to recognize his attraction to his son's date.
C) Hua explains that he ate an entire chocolate cake so that it wouldn't spoil the summer heat.
D) Bernard asks a professor to raise his grade; when the professor refuses, Bernard throws a temper tantrum.

Question 72

According to Freud, too much or too little gratification in a psychosexual stage is likely to result in

A) a fixation
B) a greater than average need for sexual activity adulthood.
C) a psychological need to move on to the next psychosexual stage.
D) a decreased need for sexual activity adulthood.

Question 73

Supplying an excuse for arriving late is an example of

A) repression.
B) rationalization
C) sublimation.
D) displacement.

Question 74

Regression occurs when we

A) take out our frustrations on a less threatening person or object.
B) rechannel negative psychic energy to a more positive activity.
C) behave as if we were many years younger than we are, to protect ourselves from a current anxiety
D) blame others for that for which we are responsible.

Question 75

Often when his wife criticizes him, Eric will pout for a while and then without a word, leave home and return to his mother's house for several hours. What would Freud label Eric's behaviour?

A) Reaction formation
B) Displacement
C) Rationalization
D) Regression

Question 76

What term did Freud use to describe what occurs when development is arrested by either too much or too little gratification at one of the stages of psychosexual development?

A) Derailment
B) Overcompensation
C) Stunting
D) Fixation

Question 77

After being punished by his father, a boy hits his younger brother. This is an example of

A) rationalization.
B) sublimation.
C) repression.
D) displacement

Question 78

As a consequence of his unresolved Oedipus complex, Will channelled his unconscious incestuous sexual desires into becoming a sex therapist. Which of the following defence mechanisms is he using?

A) Rationalization
B) Projection
C) Regression
D) Sublimation

Question 79

Kay resents her mother because she feels that her mother neglected her when she was growing up. Kay's overly kind and solicitous behaviour toward her mother, who is old and sick, may be an example of the defence mechanism called

A) reaction formation
B) sublimation.
C) displacement.
D) rationalization.

Question 80

The defence mechanism in which people defend against anxiety by adopting behaviours opposite of their true feelings is called

A) reaction formation
B) sublimation.
C) displacement.
D) rationalization.