Deck 15: Food Security, Hunger, and Malnutrition

Question 1

To effectively address and remedy food insecurity, policy-makers must avoid underlying societal problems such as political instability and violence.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Food insecurity

A) only affects one's nutritional status.
B) is linked to feelings of alienation and distress.
C) does not lead to hunger.
D) simply means that a person must purchase fewer groceries until his or her next paycheck.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Older adults experience food insecurity for a variety of reasons, but poverty is not one of them.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following is least associated with risk of food insecurity in the United States?

A) Income
B) Ethnicity
C) Family structure
D) Season of year

Question 5

Food insecurity describes the condition of

A) inadequate access to food.
B) difficulty making decisions about which foods to purchase.
C) lack of confidence in preparing foods.
D) lack of a vegetable garden.

Question 6

Inhabitants of refugee camps created by political turmoil and subsequent displacement of people from their homes have the highest rates of disease and malnutrition of any group worldwide.

Question 7

Households classified as having low food security experience reduced food quality and reduced variety of foods,

A) but not necessarily reduced food intake.
B) and reduced food intake.
C) but not reduced dairy food intake.
D) None of the above

Question 8

A lack of grocery stores within a community can add to difficulties in accessing food. Such an environment is referred to as a

A) food disparity.
B) food hardship.
C) food ghost town.
D) food desert.

Question 9

The phenomenon of the nutrition transition is closely linked to urbanization.

Question 10

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that _____ people in the world experience persistent hunger.

A) one in three
B) one in five
C) one in seven
D) one in nine

Question 11

Households with income levels above the poverty line never experience food insecurity.

Question 12

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, American households spend _____ per person on food each week.

A) $11
B) $22
C) $44
D) $88

Question 13

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies affect nearly one-third of the world's population.

Question 14

When the word hunger is applied on a global level, it is describing

A) a temporary condition that does not pose any severe health consequences.
B) a condition of severe malnutrition.
C) a chronic shortage of available food.
D) a condition related to food alone and not to vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

Question 15

The condition whereby a person is able to access enough nutritious food to support a healthy life is called

A) self-reliance.
B) food security.
C) sustainable living.
D) food preservation.

Question 16

Undernourished children tend to be in the lowest height-for-age percentiles compared with a well-nourished reference group.

Question 17

The Peace Corps mission is to promote world peace; therefore, Peace Corps volunteers do not address issues of food security.

Question 18

One of the greatest determinants of food insecurity is poverty.

Question 19

Black and Latino households have a higher risk of food insecurity than other ethnic groups, and

A) households headed by single men are at an even higher risk.
B) households headed by single women are at an even higher risk.
C) households with young boys are at an even higher risk.
D) households with young girls are at an even higher risk.

Question 20

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children encourages mothers to purchase nutrient-dense foods rather than breastfeed.

Question 21

It is estimated that malnutrition causes _____ percent of deaths in infants and young children worldwide.

A) 15
B) 30
C) 45
D) 60

Question 22

The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, perhaps motivated by the hope of finding employment, describes the process of

A) rural displacement.
B) urban transition.
C) rural migration.
D) urbanization.

Question 23

Rising food costs and a poor economy

A) will contribute to increased improvements in food access in the U.S.
B) only peripherally impact food security.
C) are less important than food deserts in contributing to food insecurity.
D) will almost certainly result in an increase in the number of households experiencing food insecurity in the U.S.

Question 24

The range of causes of food insecurity throughout the world that makes the problem so challenging to address includes all of the following except:

A) political climate and economic policy.
B) population growth and life stage.
C) insufficient food available to feed every person.
D) ethnicity and gender.

Question 25

A program that collects unused perishable foods from food service facilities is called a _____ program.

A) food rescue
B) food harvest
C) food collection
D) field gleaning

Question 26

The federally funded program formerly known as the Food Stamp Program that helps low-income families pay for food is called

A) Meals on Wheels.
B) the Child and Adult Care Food Program.
C) the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
D) the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

Question 27

The Millennium Development Project has pledged to _____ the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by 2015.

A) reduce by one-quarter
B) cut in half
C) cut by a third
D) reduce by one-tenth

Question 28

_____ is the USDA program that aids families with young children with coupons that can be used to purchase approved nutrient-dense foods.

A) SNAP
B) WIC
C) Head Start
D) CACFP

Question 29

Children from food-insecure households tend to

A) perform well in school.
B) be well behaved.
C) be at an increased risk of suicide.
D) earn scores on standardized tests equivalent to those earned by children from food-secure households.

Question 30

The three most common micronutrient deficiencies affecting people worldwide are iron, iodine, and _____ deficiencies.

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E

Question 31

The region with the highest percentage of hungry people in the world is

A) Asia.
B) sub-Saharan Africa.
C) South America.
D) Central America.

Question 32

The region with the highest number of hungry people in the world is

A) Asia.
B) sub-Saharan Africa.
C) South America.
D) Central America.

Question 33

Conditions that contribute to food insecurity include all of the following except:

A) physical limitations that impact one's ability to obtain food.
B) mental function or mental health issues that diminish one's ability to obtain food.
C) the inability to purchase food due to poverty.
D) insufficient food production occurring worldwide.

Question 34

A program intended to distribute surplus agricultural products that otherwise would not be harvested is called a _____ program.

A) food rescue
B) food harvest
C) food collection
D) field gleaning

Question 35

Conditions that might contribute to food insecurity in a household with income above the poverty line include

A) an unexpected medical expense.
B) an unexpected repair bill.
C) keeping up with utility bills.
D) All of the above

Question 36

Assessing food insecurity in prosperous countries

A) can be difficult because it is not necessarily associated with detectable signs of malnutrition.
B) is simple because weight and height are the only indicators measured to determine food access.
C) is not necessary; instead efforts should be focused on non-prosperous countries.

Question 37

In contrast to households classified as having low food security, households with very low food security are

A) more likely to have sufficient food intake.
B) less likely to have sufficient food intake.
C) more likely to have food nearby but be unable to purchase it.
D) more likely to be able to purchase food, but have no access to grocery stores.

Question 38

Populations at especially high risk for food insecurity are women, children, and _____.

A) the elderly
B) teenagers
C) young adults
D) middle-aged men

Question 39

A _____ is an agency that collects donated food and distributes it to food pantries, shelters, and soup kitchens.

A) food bank
B) food recovery program
C) food distribution center
D) food collaborative

Question 40

The electronic benefit transfer card can be used to purchase

A) alcohol.
B) paper products.
C) food.
D) tobacco.

Question 41

The living loans program of Heifer International embodies the organization's philosophy of sustainability because

A) a gift of livestock from Heifer International to a community is repaid by the community gifting the offspring of the livestock to another community.
B) a gift of livestock from Heifer International to a community is repaid by the community selling food from the slaughter of the livestock to another community.
C) a gift of livestock from Heifer International to a community is repaid by the community giving the offspring back to the organization.

Question 42

Living in the suburbs is associated with _____ risk of food insecurity compared with living in either urban or more rural areas.

A) equal
B) reduced
C) increased

Question 43

Children who are malnourished will experience the greatest benefits of intervention, in terms of growth and development, if treated

A) before their second birthday.
B) before their third birthday.
C) before their fourth birthday.
D) before their fifth birthday.

Question 44

In order to develop an effective solution to food insecurity, the best solution will require

A) nutritionists to be the leaders in efforts to deliver food and nutritional supplements around the globe so that individuals will be able to affect political and economic issues.
B) policymakers to be the leaders in order to address the political and economic issues so that food can be delivered safely to areas in need.
C) governments to direct peace and economic stability in their countries so that humanitarian organizations can aid in delivering food and nutritional supplements to people in need.
D) nutritionists and policymakers to combine their efforts to ensure that all obstacles are addressed in order to aid malnourished people and ultimately reverse global food insecurity.

Question 45

Food recovery programs include all the following except:

A) food rescue.
B) food harvest.
C) food collection.
D) field gleaning.

Question 46

The impact of malnutrition in adults is lower work productivity overall, and this can affect the country's economic growth and standard of living. The most appropriate conclusion to draw from this situation is that

A) nourishing children will be essential in combating economic strife.
B) providing equal educational opportunities to women and girls will become essential to add to the work force.
C) providing workforce training will be critical in reversing the economic impact of malnutrition.
D) not only is poverty a cause of hunger, but hunger is a cause of poverty.

Question 47

A current reason for addressing gender inequalities in the world as part of the strategy for reversing the problem of global hunger is that

A) provision of educational opportunities to girls and women might increase the number of schools built.
B) provision of educational opportunities to girls and women might reduce political turmoil.
C) provision of equal education and employment of girls and women might increase earning capacity and per capita income.
D) provision of educational opportunities to girls and women might reverse urbanization.

Question 48

Food-insecure older adults who have food available to them but who choose not to prepare it

A) are to blame for their own food insecurity.
B) may have limited mobility or poor health that make the food difficult to prepare.
C) should sell the food to increase their income.
D) should order prepared, ready-to-eat food to avoid malnutrition.

Question 49

The federally funded National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs

A) have no guidelines to use when deciding what to serve.
B) are new programs with limited enrollment since they began in 1999.
C) provide quality day care for children.
D) provide meals to children either free of charge or at reduced cost.

Question 50

One difference between SNAP and WIC is that

A) they are administered by different governmental agencies.
B) SNAP provides benefits to low-income households, while WIC provides benefits to household with young children present regardless of income.
C) SNAP provides benefits to low-income households, while WIC provides benefits to low-income households with infants and children who are at nutritional risk.
D) None of the above is correct. They are not different from each other.

Question 51

If a woman was shopping for her family using assistance form SNAP, she would be able to shop at

A) a grocery store.
B) a convenience store.
C) some farmers markets.
D) All of the above

Question 52

Consequences of malnutrition during pregnancy include

A) reduced risk of neonatal death.
B) increased risk of gestational diabetes.
C) reduced risk of neural tube defects.
D) increased risk of having a low-birth-weight baby.

Question 53

Political unrest, reduced land availability for growing crops, population growth, and gender inequality are

A) all contributors to food insecurity in the United States.
B) all contributors to global food insecurity.
C) issues that are expected to be resolved within the next year.
D) not related to food access and security.

Question 54

Which of the following best explains why mothers in food-insecure households experience hunger before their children do?

A) The mothers are constantly seeking food and therefore are too tired to eat.
B) The children demand food from their mothers.
C) The mothers consume less food themselves in order to shield their children from hunger.
D) The mothers consume more food than their children, but are too weak to properly metabolize it.

Question 55

Which of the following does not contribute to the high rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in disadvantaged groups?

A) Entry of farmers markets into disadvantaged communities
B) A lack of supermarkets in disadvantaged communities
C) Poor food choices
D) Socioeconomic disparities in food access