Question 1

Who is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus?&#10;A) Dalton&#10;B) Gay-Lussac&#10;C) Thomson&#10;D) Millikan&#10;E) Rutherford

Accepted Answer

Ernest Rutherford is credited with discovering the atomic nucleus through his gold foil experiment in 1911. He observed that alpha particles were deflected back from the gold foil, which led him to conclude that the positive charge of the atom must be concentrated in a small, dense nucleus at the center of the atom.

Question 2

Who is credited with first measuring the charge of the electron?&#10;A) Dalton&#10;B) Gay-Lussac&#10;C) Thomson&#10;D) Millikan&#10;E) Rutherford

Accepted Answer

Millikan is credited with first measuring the charge of the electron through his oil drop experiment in which he determined the magnitude of the charge on small oil droplets, and then used this information to calculate the charge of the electron.

Question 3

Bromine has two naturally-occurring isotopes. ⁷⁹Br has a mass of 78.9 amu and accounts for 50.3% of bromine atoms. If the atomic mass of bromine is 79.9 amu, what is the mass of an atom of the second bromine isotope?

A) 77.9 amu
B) 80.0 amu
C) 80.1 amu
D) 80.9 amu
E) 88.9 amu

Accepted Answer

Let x be the mass of the second bromine isotope.

We know that the average atomic mass of bromine is 79.9 amu, and that one isotope (with a mass of 78.9 amu) accounts for 50.3% of bromine atoms.

Using this information, we can set up the following equation:

(0.503)(78.9 amu) + (0.497)x = 79.9 amu

Solving for x, we get:

x = (79.9 amu - (0.503)(78.9 amu))/0.497

x = 80.9 amu

Therefore, the mass of an atom of the second bromine isotope is 80.9 amu. The correct answer is D.

Question 4

What are the approximate carbon:hydrogen mass ratios in methane (CH₄) and ethyne (C₂H₂)? A) 1:4 and 1:1 B) 3:2 and 6:1 C) 3:1 and 12:1 D) 3:2 and 12:1 E) 3:1 and 6:1

Accepted Answer

- Methane (CH4) has one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. The atomic mass of carbon is approximately 12, and the atomic mass of hydrogen is approximately 1. Therefore, the mass ratio of carbon to hydrogen in methane is approximately 12:4, which simplifies to 3:1.
- Ethyne (C2H2) has two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. The atomic mass of carbon is approximately 12 and the atomic mass of hydrogen is approximately 1. Therefore, the mass ratio of carbon to hydrogen in ethyne is (2 x 12): (2 x 1), which simplifies to 24:2 or 12:1.

Thus, the approximate carbon:hydrogen mass ratios in methane and ethyne are 3:1 and 12:1, respectively, which corresponds to choice C.

Question 5

Millikan's oil-drop experiment&#10;A) established the charge on an electron.&#10;B) showed that all oil drops carried the same charge.&#10;C) provided support for the nuclear model of the atom.&#10;D) suggested that some oil drops carried fractional numbers of electrons.&#10;E) suggested the presence of a neutral particle in the atom.

Accepted Answer

Millikan's oil-drop experiment provided the first definitive measurement of the charge of an electron, establishing it as a fundamental physical constant. The experiment allowed Millikan to calculate the value of the charge on individual oil drops, which he found to be quantized in units of the electron's charge.

Question 6

The chemical symbol for potassium is&#10;A) P.&#10;B) Po.&#10;C) Pt.&#10;D) Pm.&#10;E) K.

Accepted Answer

The chemical symbol for potassium is represented by the letter "K".

Question 7

In a Millikan oil-drop experiment, the charges on several different oil drops were as follows: -5.92; -4.44; -2.96; -8.88. The units are arbitrary. What is the likely value of the electronic charge in these arbitrary units?

A) -1.11
B) -1.48
C) -2.22
D) -2.96
E) -5.55

Accepted Answer

Using Millikan's equation, q = (mg)/(Ed), where q is the charge on the oil drop, m is the mass of the oil drop, g is acceleration due to gravity, E is the electric field strength, and d is the distance traveled by the oil drop.

We can rearrange this equation to: e/m = (g/d)(1/E) where e/m represents the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron.

We can take the average of the values given: (-5.92 -4.44 -2.96 -8.88)/4 = -5.05. This represents the value of (g/d)(1/E).

Using the accepted value of e/m (1.76 x 10^11 C/kg), we can solve for (g/d)(1/E): (-9.81 m/s^2)/(1.76 x 10^11 C/kg) = -5.56 x 10^-12 N/C.

This value is close to the average value obtained from the charges on the oil drops. To find the electronic charge in arbitrary units, we can set the charge of an electron equal to the charge on one of the oil drops (in absolute value) and solve for e in arbitrary units. For example, if we use the value of -5.92, then we get e = (1.602 x 10^-19 C)(5.92) = -9.47 x 10^-19 arbitrary units.

Therefore, the likely value of the electronic charge in these arbitrary units is closest to -1.48, which is answer choice B.

Question 8

Kaolinite, a clay mineral with the formula Al₄Si₄O₁₀(OH)₈, is used as a filler in slick-paper for magazines and as a raw material for ceramics. Analysis shows that 14.35 g of kaolinite contains 8.009 g of oxygen. Calculate the mass percent of oxygen in kaolinite.

A) 1.792 mass %
B) 24.80 mass %
C) 30.81 mass %
D) 34.12 mass %
E) 55.81 mass %

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kaolinite, a clay mineral with the formula...

Question 9

An isotope of which of the following elements is chosen as a standard in measuring atomic mass?&#10;A) carbon&#10;B) oxygen&#10;C) hydrogen&#10;D) neon&#10;E) helium

Accepted Answer

Carbon-12 isotope (with 6 protons and 6 neutrons) is chosen as the standard in measuring atomic mass because it is abundant, stable, and has a well-known value for atomic mass.

Question 10

When an atom is represented by the symbol   , the value of A is the&#10;A) number of neutrons in the atom.&#10;B) number of protons in the atom.&#10;C) atomic mass of the element.&#10;D) total number of electrons and neutrons in the atom.&#10;E) total number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an atom is represented by the...

Question 11

Atoms X, Y, Z, and R have the following nuclear compositions:   Which two are isotopes?&#10;A) X & Y&#10;B) X & R&#10;C) Y & R&#10;D) Z & R&#10;E) X & Z

Accepted Answer

The answer of Atoms X, Y, Z, and R have...

Question 12

Lithium forms compounds which are used in dry cells and storage batteries and in high-temperature lubricants. It has two naturally occurring isotopes, ⁶Li (isotopic mass = 6.015121 amu) and ⁷Li (isotopic mass = 7.016003 amu). Lithium has an atomic mass of 6.9409 amu. What is the percent abundance of lithium-6?

A) 92.50%
B) 86.66%
C) 46.16%
D) 7.503%
E) 6.080%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lithium forms compounds which are used in...

Question 13

Bromine is the only nonmetal that is a liquid at room temperature. Consider the isotope bromine-81, . Select the combination which lists the correct atomic number, neutron number, and mass number, respectively.

A) 35, 46, 81
B) 35, 81, 46
C) 81, 46, 35
D) 46, 81, 35
E) 35, 81, 116

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bromine is the only nonmetal that is...

Question 14

Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha ( $\alpha$ ) particles and found that a small percentage of the particles were deflected. Which of the following was not accounted for by the model he proposed for the structure of atoms?

A) the small size of the nucleus
B) the charge on the nucleus
C) the total mass of the atom
D) the existence of protons
E) the presence of electrons outside the nucleus

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rutherford bombarded gold foil with alpha ($\alpha$)...

Question 15

One amu is defined as&#10;A) the mass of a proton.&#10;B) 1/12 the mass of an atom of   .&#10;C) the mass of an atom of   .&#10;D) 1/20 the mass of an atom of   .&#10;E) 1/16 the mass of an atom of   .

Accepted Answer

The answer of One amu is defined as&#10;A) the mass...

Question 16

Which one of the following statements about atoms and subatomic particles is correct?&#10;A) Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus by bombarding gold foil with electrons.&#10;B) The proton and the neutron have identical masses.&#10;C) The neutron's mass is equal to that of a proton plus an electron.&#10;D) A neutral atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.&#10;E) An atomic nucleus contains equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following statements about...

Question 17

J. J. Thomson studied cathode ray particles (electrons) and was able to measure the mass/charge ratio. His results showed that&#10;A) the mass/charge ratio varied with as the cathode material was changed.&#10;B) the charge was always a whole-number multiple of some minimum charge.&#10;C) matter included particles much smaller than the atom.&#10;D) atoms contained dense areas of positive charge.&#10;E) atoms are largely empty space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of J. J. Thomson studied cathode ray particles...

Question 18

In the modern periodic table, the order in which the elements are placed is based on&#10;A) atomic mass.&#10;B) mass number.&#10;C) atomic number.&#10;D) atomic size.&#10;E) chemical reactivity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the modern periodic table, the order...

Question 19

Which of the following symbols does not represent an element? A) O₂ B) Co C) HF D) Cs E) Xe

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following symbols does not...

Question 20

Who is credited with measuring the mass/charge ratio of the electron?&#10;A) Dalton&#10;B) Gay-Lussac&#10;C) Thomson&#10;D) Millikan&#10;E) Rutherford

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is credited with measuring the mass/charge...

Question 21

The compound, BaO, absorbs water and carbon dioxide readily and is used to dry gases and organic solvents. What is its name?&#10;A) barium oxide&#10;B) barium(II) oxide&#10;C) barium monoxide&#10;D) baric oxide&#10;E) barium peroxide

Accepted Answer

The answer of The compound, BaO, absorbs water and carbon...

Question 22

Which of the following ions occurs commonly? A) N³⁺ B) S⁶⁺ C) O^2- D) Ca⁺ E) Cl⁺

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following ions occurs commonly?&#10;A)...

Question 23

A column of the periodic table is called a&#10;A) group.&#10;B) period.&#10;C) isotopic mixture.&#10;D) pillar.&#10;E) shell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A column of the periodic table is...

Question 24

Sodium oxide combines violently with water. Which of the following gives the formula and the bonding for sodium oxide? A) NaO, ionic compound B) NaO, covalent compound C) Na₂O, ionic compound D) Na₂O, covalent compound E) Na₂O₂, ionic compound

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sodium oxide combines violently with water. Which...

Question 25

Which of the following is a metalloid?&#10;A) carbon, C, Z = 6&#10;B) sulfur, S, Z = 16&#10;C) germanium, Ge, Z = 32&#10;D) iridium, Z = 77&#10;E) bromine, Br, Z = 35

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a metalloid?&#10;A)...

Question 26

A row of the periodic table is called a&#10;A) group.&#10;B) period.&#10;C) isotopic mixture.&#10;D) family.&#10;E) subshell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A row of the periodic table is...

Question 27

Which of the following is a non-metal?&#10;A) lithium, Li, Z = 3&#10;B) bromine, Br, Z = 35&#10;C) mercury, Hg, Z = 80&#10;D) bismuth, Bi, Z = 83&#10;E) sodium, Na, Z = 11

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a non-metal?&#10;A)...

Question 28

Which, if any, of the following elements do not occur in the major classes of organic compounds?&#10;A) H&#10;B) C&#10;C) N&#10;D) O&#10;E) All the above elements occur in the major classes of organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which, if any, of the following elements...

Question 29

Which of the following is a metal?&#10;A) nitrogen, N, Z = 7&#10;B) phosphorus, P, Z = 15&#10;C) arsenic, Z = 33&#10;D) thallium, Tl, Z = 81&#10;E) silicon, Si, Z = 14

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a metal?&#10;A)...

Question 30

After an atom has lost an electron it becomes a/an ______ and has a _______ charge.&#10;A) anion, positive&#10;B) isotope, negative&#10;C) anion, negative&#10;D) cation, positive&#10;E) nucleus, positive

Accepted Answer

The answer of After an atom has lost an electron...

Question 31

Which of the following compounds is ionic? A) PF₃ B) CS₂ C) HCl D) SO₂ E) MgCl₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following compounds is ionic?&#10;A)...

Question 32

Which of the following elements are the least reactive?&#10;A) alkali metals&#10;B) noble gases&#10;C) halogens&#10;D) alkaline earth metals&#10;E) metalloids

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following elements are the...

Question 33

Which of the following is the empirical formula for hexane, C₆H₁₄? A) C₁₂H₂₈ B) C₆H₁₄ C) C₃H₇ D) CH_2.3 E) C_0.43H

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the empirical...

Question 34

Which of the following ions occurs commonly? A) P³⁺ B) Br⁷⁺ C) O⁶⁺ D) Ca²⁺ E) K^-

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following ions occurs commonly?&#10;A)...

Question 35

Which one of the following groups does not contain any metals?&#10;A) C, S, As, H&#10;B) Cu, P, Se, Kr&#10;C) N, Ne, Nd, Np&#10;D) Xe, Hg, Ge, O&#10;E) Cl, Al, Si, Ar

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following groups does...

Question 36

The colorless substance, MgF₂, is used in the ceramics and glass industry. What is its name? A) magnesium difluoride B) magnesium fluoride C) magnesium(II) fluoride D) monomagnesium difluoride E) none of the above, since they are all misspelled

Accepted Answer

The answer of The colorless substance, MgF₂, is used in...

Question 37

Which of the following compounds is covalent? A) CaCl₂ B) MgO C) Al₂O₃ D) Cs₂S E) PCl₃

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following compounds is covalent?&#10;A)...

Question 38

Barium fluoride is used in embalming and in glass manufacturing. Which of the following gives the formula and bonding for barium fluoride? A) BaF₂, ionic compound B) BaF₂, covalent compound C) BaF, ionic compound D) BaF, covalent compound E) Ba₂F, ionic compound

Accepted Answer

The answer of Barium fluoride is used in embalming and...

Question 39

Select the incorrect statement about elements and compounds.&#10;A) All ionic compounds are neutral.&#10;B) Some elements exist as molecules.&#10;C) The bonding in compounds may be covalent or ionic.&#10;D) The molecular formula of a compound provides more information than the structural formula.&#10;E) Among the elements, there are more metals than non-metals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the incorrect statement about elements and...

Question 40

What is the chemical symbol for the group 6A (16) element that lies in period 4?&#10;A) Cr&#10;B) Hf&#10;C) W&#10;D) Ti&#10;E) Se

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the chemical symbol for the...

Question 41

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect? A) O^2- oxide B) Cd²⁺ cadmium C) ClO₃^- chlorate D) HCO₃^- hydrogen carbonate E) NO₂^- nitrate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following combinations of...

Question 42

A red glaze on porcelain can be produced by using MnSO₄. What is its name? A) manganese disulfate B) manganese(II) sulfate C) manganese(IV) sulfate D) manganese sulfate E) manganese(I) sulfate

Accepted Answer

The answer of A red glaze on porcelain can be...

Question 43

Which one of the following is a polyatomic cation?&#10;A) nitrate&#10;B) chromate&#10;C) permanganate&#10;D) hydronium&#10;E) potassium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following is a...

Question 44

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect? A) NH₄⁺ ammonium B) S^2- sulfide C) CN^- cyanide D) S₂O₃^2- thiosulfate E) ClO₃^- perchlorate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following combinations of...

Question 45

Sodium peroxide is an oxidizer used to bleach animal and vegetable fibers. What is its formula? A) NaO B) NaO₂ C) Na₂O₂ D) Na₂O E) NaH₂O₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sodium peroxide is an oxidizer used to...

Question 46

Zinc acetate is used in preserving wood and in manufacturing glazes for porcelain. What is its formula? A) ZnAc₂ B) ZnCH₃COO C) Zn(CH₃COO)₂ D) Zn₂CH₃COO E) ZnCH₃COCH₃

Accepted Answer

The answer of Zinc acetate is used in preserving wood...

Question 47

The compound, NaH₂PO₄, is present in many baking powders. What is its name? A) sodium biphosphate B) sodium hydrogen phosphate C) sodium dihydrogen phosphate D) sodium hydrophosphate E) sodium dihydride phosphate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The compound, NaH₂PO₄, is present in many...

Question 48

Barium sulfate is used in manufacturing photographic paper. What is its formula? A) BaSO₄ B) Ba(SO₄)₂ C) Ba₂SO₄ D) Ba₂(SO₄)₃ E) BaSO₃

Accepted Answer

The answer of Barium sulfate is used in manufacturing photographic...

Question 49

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect? A) Ba²⁺ barium B) S^2- sulfate C) CN^- cyanide D) ClO₄^- perchlorate E) HCO₃^- bicarbonate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following combinations of...

Question 50

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas of ions is incorrect? A) O₂^- oxide B) Al³⁺ aluminum C) NO₃^- nitrate D) PO₄^3- phosphate E) CrO₄^2- chromate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following combinations of...

Question 51

What is the formula for lead (II) oxide? A) PbO B) PbO₂ C) Pb₂O D) PbO₄ E) Pb₂O₃

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the formula for lead (II)...

Question 52

Ferric oxide is used as a pigment in metal polishing. Which of the following is its formula? A) FeO B) Fe₂O C) FeO₃ D) Fe₂O₅ E) Fe₂O₃

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ferric oxide is used as a pigment...

Question 53

The substance, KClO₃, is a strong oxidizer used in explosives, fireworks, and matches. What is its name? A) potassium chlorite B) potassium chloride C) potassium(I) chlorite D) potassium(I) chlorate E) potassium chlorate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The substance, KClO₃, is a strong oxidizer...

Question 54

The substance, CoCl₂, is useful as a humidity indicator because it changes from pale blue to pink as it gains water from moist air. What is its name? A) cobalt dichloride B) cobalt(II) chloride C) cobalt chloride D) cobaltic chloride E) copper(II) chloride

Accepted Answer

The answer of The substance, CoCl₂, is useful as a...

Question 55

What is the name of Na₂O? A) disodium monoxide B) sodium monoxide C) sodium dioxide D) sodium(I) oxide E) sodium oxide

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of Na₂O? A) disodium...

Question 56

In the ionic compound with the general formula M₂X₃, the likely charge on X is A) +1. B) +3. C) -1. D) -2. E) -3.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the ionic compound with the general...

Question 57

What is the formula for magnesium sulfide? A) MgS B) MgS₂ C) Mg₂S D) Mg₂S₃ E) MgSO₄

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the formula for magnesium sulfide?&#10;A)...

Question 58

Silver chloride is used in photographic emulsions. What is its formula? A) Ag₂Cl₃ B) Ag₂Cl C) AgCl₃ D) AgCl₂ E) AgCl

Accepted Answer

The answer of Silver chloride is used in photographic emulsions....

Question 59

The substance, CaSe, is used in materials which are electron emitters. What is its name?&#10;A) calcium monoselenide&#10;B) calcium(II) selenide&#10;C) calcium selenide&#10;D) calcium(I) selenide&#10;E) calcium(II) selenium

Accepted Answer

The answer of The substance, CaSe, is used in materials...

Question 60

The compound, (NH₄)₂S, can be used in analysis for trace amounts of metals present in a sample. What is its name? A) ammonium sulfide B) diammonium sulfide C) ammonium sulfite D) ammonia(I) sulfite E) ammonium(I) sulfide

Accepted Answer

The answer of The compound, (NH₄)₂S, can be used in...

Question 61

What is the name of PCl₃? A) phosphorus chloride B) phosphoric chloride C) phosphorus trichlorate D) trichlorophosphide E) phosphorus trichloride

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of PCl₃? A) phosphorus...

Question 62

What is the name of the acid formed when HCN gas is dissolved in water?&#10;A) cyanic acid&#10;B) hydrocyanic acid&#10;C) cyanous acid&#10;D) hydrocyanous acid&#10;E) hydrogen cyanide

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the acid...

Question 63

Which one of the following combinations of names and formulas is incorrect? A) H₃PO₄ phosphoric acid B) HNO₃ nitric acid C) NaHCO₃ sodium carbonate D) H₂CO₃ carbonic acid E) KOH potassium hydroxide

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following combinations of...

Question 64

What is the name of P₄Se₃? A) phosphorus selenide B) phosphorus triselenide C) tetraphosphorus selenide D) phosphoric selenide E) tetraphosphorus triselenide

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of P₄Se₃? A) phosphorus...

Deck 2: The Components of Matter