Deck 6: Memory

Question 1

The longevity of sensory memory is best described as

A) very short
B) very long.
C) a few nano-seconds.
D) a few hours.

Answer 1

very short

Question 2

Which of the following memory processes refers to the way in which information is entered into memory?

A) Retrieval
B) Reminiscence
C) Storage
D) Encoding

Answer 2

Encoding

Question 3

Three basic processes involved in the act of remembering are

A) acquisition, application and extinction.
B) exposure, attention and retention.
C) stimulus,terpretation and response.
D) encoding, storage and retrieval

Answer 3

encoding, storage and retrieval

Question 4

Which of the following refers to the processes through which information is retained in memory?

A) Storage
B) Reminiscence
C) Encoding
D) Retrieval

Question 5

Which memory system holds information coming in through the senses for a period ranging from a fraction of a second to several seconds?

A) Episodic memory
B) Sensory memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Short-term memory

Question 6

Which of the following is not a memory system in the Atkinson and Shiffrin model?

A) intermediate memory
B) Sensory memory
C) Short-term memory
D) Long-term memory

Question 7

What is the following task measuring? "Repeat these digits after me: 8-0-6-5-9-1-7. Now try 5-2-9-7-3-1-2-5."

A) Short-term memory
B) Sensory memory
C) Long-term memory
D) Mathematical memory

Question 8

How many different memory systems does the Atkinson and Shiffrin model propose?

A) Five
B) Two
C) Four
D) Three

Question 9

Research demonstrates that the amount of information transferred to short-term memory from sensory memory is

A) very large.
B) unmeasurable andsignificant.
C) unique to hearing.
D) very small

Question 10

According to the text, what portion of the information present in sensory memory is transferred to short-term memory?

A) Only a small portion
B) All
C) The vast majority
D) About half

Question 11

Short-term memory is very important for all of the following except

A) carrying on a conversation.
B) problem-solving.
C) remembering something you learned class last week
D) dialling a new telephone number.

Question 12

When Lisa twirled a flashlight in a dark room, which memory system caused her to briefly perceive a trail of light behind the actual location of the light?

A) intermediate
B) Sensory
C) Short-term
D) Long-term

Question 13

Hearing the last few words someone has spoken seem to echo briefly in your head is an example of auditory

A) short-term memory.
B) intermediate memory.
C) sensory memory
D) long-term memory.

Question 14

Which of the following is analogous to converting and putting information into a computer in a form the computer can recognize?

A) Encoding
B) Retrieval
C) Storage
D) Reminiscence

Question 15

Short-term memory usually codes information according to

A) visual images.
B) sound
C) meaning.
D) episodes.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to the processes that allow us to locate and then use information previously stored in memory?

A) Storage
B) Buffers
C) Retrieval
D) Encoding

Question 17

Transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory is called ________; bringing the material that has been stored to mind is called ________.

A) encoding; retrieval
B) consolidation; decoding
C) consolidation; retrieval
D) encoding; decoding

Question 18

According to basic memory theory, when you recall information to answer questions on this test, you are

A) retrievingformation
B) reintegratingformation.
C) decodingformation.
D) assimilatingformation.

Question 19

The duration of sensory memory is

A) longer for vision than for hearing.
B) the same across all sense modalities.
C) longer for hearing than for vision
D) equal for vision and hearing and different for the other senses.

Question 20

Which of the following is the name of the physiological change in the brain that allows information to be stored?

A) Habituation
B) Conditioning
C) Consolidation
D) Memory alteration

Question 21

One form of memory strategy that links new information to previously learned information is called

A) short-term memory strategy
B) sensory memory strategy
C) long-term memory strategy
D) elaboration strategy

Question 22

Information in the short-term memory must be rehearsed in order to be retained for longer than about

A) 1 or 2 secondS.
B) 20 or 30 seconds
C) 5 seconds.
D) 2 or 3 minutes.

Question 23

When a hyphen is placed in a phone number, like 964-2281, remembering the phone number is easier because the hyphen encourages one to make use of

A) rehearsal.
B) chunking
C) savings method.
D) attention.

Question 24

Which of the following sets of numbers best represents the number of separate items that can be held in the short-term memory?

A) 10056839210377
B) 25776645925
C) 173
D) 7341839

Question 25

Anastasia has just looked up a new phone number. While dialling the number, she rehearses it to keep it in her

A) short-term memory
B) sensory memory.
C) intermediate memory.
D) long-term memory.

Question 26

Information entered into short-term memory fades quickly unless it is

A) unassociated with past memories.
B) passively retained.
C) actively rehearsed
D) left alone.

Question 27

A component of working memory is

A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) short-term memory
C) semantic memory.
D) iconic memory.

Question 28

When each new, incoming item pushes an existing item out of short-term memory, __________ has occurred.

A) Retrieval
B) interference
C) Displacement
D) Trace decay

Question 29

Which of the following types of memory is what most people refer to when they use the term "memory," because it is the system that allows retention of vast amounts of information for an extended period?

A) interpretative memory
B) Long-term memory
C) Short-term memory
D) Sensory memory

Question 30

According to the levels-of-processing model, which of the following involves shallow processing of information?

A) Judging the value of an antique
B) Deciding if a word fits a sentence
C) indicating if a word is printed capital letters
D) Determining if two words rhyme

Question 31

Rehearsal increases the amount of time information can be held in

A) long-term memory.
B) sensory, short-term and long-term memory
C) short-term memory
D) sensory memory.

Question 32

What is said to occur when short-term memory is holding its maximum, and each new item entering short-term memory pushes out an existing item?

A) Displacement
B) Chunking
C) Consolidation
D) Encoding

Question 33

The capacity of the long-term memory system is best described as

A) high.
B) unlimited
C) small.
D) limited.

Question 34

The maximum time information can be held in the short-term memory without rehearsal is

A) 3 minutes.
B) 30 minutes.
C) 3 seconds.
D) 30 seconds

Question 35

Which of the following is not descriptive of long-term memory?

A) It is a storehouse of our accumulated knowledge andformation.
B) It usually storesformation according to sound
C) It has a virtually unlimited capacity.
D) It is relatively permanent.

Question 36

There are two types of declarative memory-episodic memory and ________ memory.

A) literal
B) working
C) personal
D) semantic

Question 37

The capacity of short-term memory is just right for a

A) six-character postal code.
B) person's name.
C) digital clock.
D) seven-digit phone number

Question 38

Various forms of manipulation of information exist that involve more than simply rote rehearsal. The goal of this manipulation is to retain information in long-term memory. These activities are known as

A) short-term memory rehearsal
B) memory strategies
C) long-term rehearsal
D) sensory strategies

Question 39

The process of combining separate pieces of information into large units in short-term memory is referred to as

A) the savings method.
B) acoustical storage.
C) chunking
D) reminiscence.

Question 40

Jane must introduce a senior manager at an important meeting. Jane does not wish to use notes for the brief set of comments she wants to make. She spends the evening before the meeting reading the comments over and over again, until she has them memorized. This process is called

A) rehearsal
B) over-reading.
C) constant practice method.
D) edict imagery memory.

Question 41

Jeff is able to ride a bicycle although he hasn't ridden one for a few years, thanks to his

A) episodic memory.
B) nondeclarative memory
C) semantic memory.
D) cognitive memory.

Question 42

What is the subsystem within long-term memory that holds our memory for motor skills gained through repetitive practice?

A) Declarative memory
B) Semantic memory
C) Nondeclarative memory
D) Episodic memory

Question 43

The levels-of-processing model states that the ability to recall memories depends on

A) whether or not theformation was stored short-term memory long enough to getto long-term memory.
B) how deeply we have processed theformation
C) the amount of rehearsal required to getformationto long-term memory.
D) sensory memory detecting and holding theformation.

Question 44

What is the subsystem within long-term memory that stores facts, information and personal life experiences?

A) Nondeclarative memory
B) Declarative memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Episodic memory

Question 45

If you were to write an autobiography, the content would be retrieved primarily from your

A) nondeclarative memory.
B) episodic memory
C) sensory memory.
D) semantic memory.

Question 46

The subpart of long-term memory which is autobiographical in nature is __________ memory; the subpart which is like an encyclopedia or dictionary of stored knowledge is __________ memory.

A) semantic; episodic
B) episodic; semantic
C) nondeclarative; declarative
D) declarative; semantic

Question 47

Which of the following is not part of declarative memory?

A) Personal life events
B) Facts
C) information
D) Driving a car

Question 48

Your ability to remember who attended your high school prom is an example of

A) semantic memory.
B) episodic memory
C) nondeclarative memory.
D) mnemonic memory.

Question 49

Which of the following memories is linked to general knowledge not associated with specific times or contexts?

A) Nondeclarative memory
B) Semantic memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Sensory memory

Question 50

An especially good __________ memory will aid Meredith in winning big on quiz shows such as Jeopardy.

A) short-term
B) episodic
C) semantic
D) nondeclarative

Question 51

Which of the following would not be stored in semantic memory?

A) The chemical formula for water
B) Games played at your sixth birthday party
C) The definition of "carnivore"
D) The capital of France

Question 52

A newspaper story that describes someone's experiences growing up in a small town is most like

A) iconic memory.
B) semantic memory.
C) nondeclarative memory.
D) episodic memory

Question 53

"The earth is the third planet from the sun. True or false?" Your ability to answer this question relies on your

A) nondeclarative memory.
B) semantic memory
C) episodic memory.
D) short-term memory.

Question 54

Which of the following would be stored in nondeclarative memory?

A) Mathematical formulas
B) Knowing how to knit
C) The meaning of "hypothalamus"
D) The date of your mother's birthday

Question 55

The memory that stores general knowledge and concepts, ideas and rules about the world is called

A) cognitive memory.
B) episodic memory.
C) semantic memory
D) nondeclarative memory.

Question 56

Your ability to do well on these exam questions relies on

A) episodic memory.
B) semantic memory
C) short-term memory.
D) maintenance memory.

Question 57

Episodic memory would most closely resemble

A) an encyclopedia.
B) a dictionary.
C) a diary
D) a cookbook.

Question 58

Which of the following would not be stored in semantic memory?

A) Methods of factoring algebraic equations
B) The knowledge that Idaho grows potatoes and Iowa grows corn
C) The meaning of "crustacean"
D) How to play the guitar

Question 59

The ability to play tennis is stored primarily in

A) nondeclarative memory
B) representational memory.
C) propositional memory.
D) declarative memory.

Question 60

Which subsystem of long-term memory does not require conscious awareness?

A) Semantic memory
B) Nondeclarative memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Declarative memory

Question 61

The percentage of time saved in relearning material compared to the time taken in the original learning is called the

A) encoding effect.
B) retrieval score.
C) savings score
D) relearning score.

Question 62

Answering a multiple-choice question such as this one is a

A) savings memory task.
B) recognition memory task
C) relearning memory task.
D) recall memory task.

Question 63

Yolanda has witnessed a robbery, and the police have asked her to identify the guilty person in a police line up. Yolanda is performing a

A) savings task.
B) recognition task
C) relearning task.
D) recall task.

Question 64

What is the memory that is not a replica of an event, but one that has been pieced together from a few highlights and uses information that may or may not be accurate?

A) A reconstruction
B) A schematization
C) Hyperamnesia
D) Metamemory

Question 65

When material must be recalled in a specific order, which of the following types of recall is required?

A) Serial recall
B) Structured recall
C) Free recall
D) Fixed recall

Question 66

What early memory researcher found that, rather than accurately recalling information detail by detail, people often reconstruct and systematically distort facts to make them more consistent with past experiences?

A) Frederick Bartlett
B) William James
C) Hermann Ebbinghaus
D) Elizabeth Loftus

Question 67

A savings score is given in terms of the

A) percentage of items correct on relearning.
B) time saved on each item learned.
C) total time spent seconds or minutes during relearning.
D) time or learning trials saved relearning relative to the time or learning trials learning the items originally

Question 68

Which of the following methods is the most sensitive way of measuring retention and can detect learning when other methods cannot?

A) Recall
B) Retrieval
C) Recognition
D) Relearning

Question 69

Which of the following is the best example of a test question involving recall?

A) Essay questions
B) True-false questions
C) Multiple-choice questions
D) Matching questions

Question 70

__________ consists of motor skills, habits and simple classically conditioned responses.

A) Non-declarative memory
B) Episodic memory
C) Semantic memory
D) Declarative memory

Question 71

Recall differs from recognition in that recall

A) maximizes retrieval cues.
B) taps short-term memory as well as long-term memory.
C) is a more sensitive method of measuring memory.
D) requires few or no retrieval cues

Question 72

When on the witness stand, Wally is asked to relate the events as they happened on the morning of the crime. For this task, which of the following types of recall is required?

A) Free recall
B) Relearning
C) Recognition
D) Serial recall

Question 73

Although you may seem to forget all of the material on this exam, you do retain something because you will not have to study it as much for the comprehensive final. This is an example of which method of measuring memory?

A) Serial recall
B) Relearning
C) Recognition
D) Recall

Question 74

When 3-year-old Josh counts from one to ten, he is using

A) relearning.
B) serial recall
C) free recall.
D) structured recall.

Question 75

When psychologists say that a person's memory is a reconstruction, they mean that the memory

A) is false.
B) is an accurate account of an event.
C) has been pieced together and is probably partly accurate and partlyaccurate
D) was repressed and then recovered.

Question 76

Alan has won his school's spelling bee by correctly spelling the word, "conscious." Alan has performed a

A) recall task
B) recognition task.
C) savings task.
D) relearning task.

Question 77

All of the following test items are recognition questions except

A) multiple-choice questions.
B) matching questions.
C) essay questions
D) true-false questions.

Question 78

Which of the following is not one of the main methods used by researchers for measuring memory?

A) retention
B) relearning
C) recall
D) recognition

Question 79

When Bartlett studied memory using rich and meaningful events presented in lifelike scenarios, he found that

A) infantile amnesia was common.
B) people tend to displace a lot of their memories.
C) accurate reports were rare and distortions were common
D) people had very accurate memories for small details.

Question 80

Often we fill in details when recalling natural events. We seem to add material to what we actually experienced. This phenomenon is referred to as

A) a schematization.
B) a reconstruction
C) hyperamnesia.
D) metamemory.