Question 1

When applying iontophoresis with lidocaine,in concentrations up to 50 percent,what is the minimum time of application to anesthetize the skin?&#10;A) 5 min&#10;B) 10 min&#10;C) 20 min&#10;D) 30 min

Accepted Answer

The minimum time of application for iontophoresis with lidocaine to anesthetize the skin is 10 minutes.

Question 2

What is an indication for the use of iontophoresis?&#10;A) Reduction of muscle spasm&#10;B) Postsurgical pain&#10;C) Contusions&#10;D) Arthritis

Accepted Answer

Iontophoresis is commonly used for the management of localized inflammation in conditions such as arthritis. It works by delivering medication through the skin using a small electric current. The medication used in iontophoresis has anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce pain and swelling in affected areas. It is not typically used for reduction of muscle spasm, postsurgical pain, or contusions.

Question 3

What type of electrical interference occurs when two electrical currents are in perfect phase,meaning the wavelengths are equal and the phases cross the baseline at the same point?&#10;A) Constructive interference&#10;B) Destructive interference&#10;C) Continuous interference&#10;D) Contiguous interference

Accepted Answer

When two electrical currents are in perfect phase, they combine to create a larger waveform with a higher amplitude, which is known as constructive interference. This occurs when the wavelengths are equal and the phases cross the baseline at the same point, resulting in a more powerful electrical signal with minimal interference.

Question 4

Most effects of electrical stimulation are the direct result of stimulation to what? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Sensory nerves&#10;B) Motor nerves&#10;C) Adipose tissue&#10;D) Fascia&#10;E) Muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

Most effects of electrical stimulation are directly due to its action on sensory nerves, motor nerves, and muscle fibers. Sensory nerves are stimulated, causing various sensations. Motor nerves are stimulated, leading to muscle contraction. Muscle fibers themselves can be directly stimulated by electrical currents, causing them to contract. Adipose tissue and fascia are not directly responsible for the primary effects of electrical stimulation.

Question 5

Which of the following are indications for the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Acute pain&#10;B) Increasing local blood flow&#10;C) Postsurgical pain&#10;D) Pain of unknown origin&#10;E) Muscle reeducation

Accepted Answer

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is indicated for acute and postsurgical pain. It is not typically used for increasing local blood flow or muscle reeducation, and while it may help with pain of unknown origin, it is not a primary indication for TENS.

Question 6

The primary purpose of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is to control pain by depolarizing what nerves?&#10;A) Sensory&#10;B) Motor&#10;C) Nociceptive&#10;D) Sensory,motor,or nociceptive

Accepted Answer

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is designed to control pain by depolarizing sensory, motor, or nociceptive nerves, depending on the settings and application, thereby affecting pain perception and transmission.

Question 7

What output modulation of interferential stimulation is analogous to the number of cycles per second?&#10;A) Beat frequency&#10;B) Burst duty cycle&#10;C) Interburst interval&#10;D) Premodulation

Accepted Answer

Beat frequency is analogous to the number of cycles per second in interferential stimulation. It refers to the difference in frequency between the two currents in interferential stimulation, which is typically set at 4,000 Hz. The beat frequency is the difference between the two frequencies, and it determines the therapeutic effects of the stimulation.

Question 8

What feature distinguishes microcurrent from other electrical modalities?&#10;A) Microcurrent does not attempt to excite peripheral nerves.&#10;B) Microcurrent only attempts to excite sensory nerves.&#10;C) Microcurrent only attempts to excite motor nerves.&#10;D) Microcurrent only attempts to excite nociceptive nerves.

Accepted Answer

Microcurrent is unique among electrical modalities in that it does not attempt to excite peripheral nerves. Instead, it is thought to work at the cellular level, helping to stimulate cellular energy production and promote healing. Unlike other electrical modalities such as TENS or NMES, microcurrent is typically sub-sensory and does not cause muscle contractions.

Question 9

When preparing the patient for a pain-control technique with electrical stimulation,one should ask about caffeine intake.The effectiveness of electrical stimulation on pain control is diminished after how many milligrams of caffeine have been ingested?

A) 200
B) 150
C) 100
D) 50

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the effectiveness of electrical stimulation on pain control is diminished after the ingestion of 200 milligrams or more of caffeine. Therefore, it is important to ask about caffeine intake before preparing a patient for pain-control technique with electrical stimulation.

Question 10

When using a monopolar technique,where is a good area to place the dispersive electrode?&#10;A) Abdomen&#10;B) Thigh&#10;C) Knee&#10;D) Shoulder

Accepted Answer

When using a monopolar technique, the dispersive electrode is used to complete the electrical circuit and return the current back to the generator. The thigh is a good location for placing the dispersive electrode as it has a large muscle mass and is typically easy to access, providing efficient dispersion of the electrical current. The abdomen, knee, and shoulder are not as ideal for placement of the dispersive electrode.

Question 11

Which electrotherapy agents are indicated for muscle disuse atrophy? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)&#10;B) High-voltage pulsed stimulation (HVPS)&#10;C) Interferential stimulation (IFS)&#10;D) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)&#10;E) Microcurrent electrical stimulation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which electrotherapy agents are indicated for muscle...

Question 12

&#34;Russian&#34; stimulation is an excellent method for what purpose?&#10;A) Decreasing muscular atrophy&#10;B) Modulating pain&#10;C) Reducing edema&#10;D) Helping superficial wound healing

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Russian&#34; stimulation is an excellent method for...

Question 13

What electrical current frequency will experience the least capacitive skin resistance?&#10;A) 500 Hz&#10;B) 200 Hz&#10;C) 2000 Hz&#10;D) 5000 Hz

Accepted Answer

The answer of What electrical current frequency will experience the...

Question 14

What are indications for the use of microcurrent electrical stimulation? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Sprain&#10;B) Neuropathies&#10;C) Superficial wound healing&#10;D) Hyperhidrosis&#10;E) Myofascial pain syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are indications for the use of...

Question 15

When attempting to control pain via the gate-control mechanism,what are correct high-voltage pulsed stimulation parameter settings?&#10;A) Motor-level output intensity&#10;B) Pulse frequency of 60 to 100 pps&#10;C) Electrode placement distal to the spinal nerve root origin&#10;D) 50 percent duty cycle

Accepted Answer

The answer of When attempting to control pain via the...

Question 16

Why is neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)able to provide stronger neuromuscular stimulation? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Large amplitude&#10;B) Long phase duration&#10;C) Short phase duration&#10;D) Lower intensities&#10;E) Faster ramping

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)able to...

Question 17

What is a proper indication for use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation?&#10;A) Prevention of joint contractures&#10;B) Acute pain&#10;C) Superficial wound healing&#10;D) Arthritis

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a proper indication for use...

Question 18

What electrotherapy agent strictly uses a monophasic current?&#10;A) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)&#10;B) High-voltage pulsed stimulation (HVPS)&#10;C) Interferential stimulation (IFS)&#10;D) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

Accepted Answer

The answer of What electrotherapy agent strictly uses a monophasic...

Question 19

What iontophoresis medication can be used on a heterotopic ossification?&#10;A) Acetic acid&#10;B) Dexamethasone and lidocaine&#10;C) Lidocaine and epinephrine&#10;D) Dexamethasone

Accepted Answer

The answer of What iontophoresis medication can be used on...

Question 20

When applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS),which protocol provides relief for hours and uses two to four pulses per second?&#10;A) High TENS&#10;B) Low TENS&#10;C) Brief-intense TENS&#10;D) Long-intense TENS

Accepted Answer

The answer of When applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS),which...

Deck 13: Clinical Application of Electrical Agents