Deck 5: Thermal Modalities

Question 1

Which nerves are most susceptible to cold-induced neuropathy? Select all that apply.

A) Ulnar
B) Peroneal
C) Femoral
D) Tibial
E) Radial

Answer 1

A,B

Question 2

Heat produces vasodilation through a combination of what mechanisms? Select all that apply.

A) Arteriole smooth muscle relaxes
B) Capillary smooth muscle relaxes
C) Release of neurotransmitters and peptides
D) Spinal level reflex
E) Cerebral cortex level reflex

Answer 2

A,C,D

Question 3

Maximum analgesia occurs when skin temperature drops to approximately ____°F,which occurs after around 20 minutes after ice pack application.

A) 58
B) 28
C) 32
D) 45

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What effect does cold application have on edema formation and reduction? Select all that apply.

A) Cryotherapy limits edema formation.
B) Cryotherapy reduces the effects of arthrogenic inhibition.
C) Cold application promotes the removal of edema.
D) Cold application will not hinder venous return.
E) Cryotherapy decreases cell metabolism,which leads to less secondary hypoxic injury.

Question 5

What factors will influence skin temperature? Select all that apply.

A) Ambient temperature
B) Humidity
C) Exercise
D) Food consumption
E) Mood

Question 6

When comparing heat and cold,which of the following accurately describes the effect of heat treatments?

A) Decreased cell wastes
B) Decreased blood flow
C) Increased fluid viscosity
D) Increased capillary permeability

Question 7

Which scenario will result in the greatest decrease of subcutaneous tissue temperatures?

A) Ice bag applied with a compression wrap
B) Ice bag alone
C) Ice bag applied over an elastic wrap
D) Ice bag applied with a compression wrap over an elastic wrap

Question 8

Which is a primary hemodynamic effect of cold application?

A) Arteriole vasodilation
B) Increased blood viscosity
C) Increased blood flow
D) Capillary vasoconstriction

Question 9

Based on the practical evidence,which cold application is more effective at decreasing sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity?

A) Cold water immersion
B) Ice pack application
C) Ice massage
D) Immersion,ice pack,and ice massage have the same effect.

Question 10

Which is a contraindication to cold application?

A) Chronic wound
B) Chronic pain
C) Neuralgia
D) Chronic muscle spasm

Question 11

What statement is true regarding skin temperature and muscular temperature following cold treatments?

A) Unlike muscle,skin temperature continues to decrease for up to 30 minutes after modality removal.
B) Intramuscular cooling is increased when modality is applied following exercise.
C) Muscle cooling is diminished when the patient remains sedentary.
D) Skin temperature is a good indicator of the temperature of underlying tissues.

Question 12

In which scenarios is heat indicated? Select all that apply.

A) To encourage tissue healing
B) To control the inflammatory reaction in its subacute or chronic stages
C) To improve range of motion
D) When acute inflammation is active
E) After activity to decrease cell metabolism

Question 13

What primary method is used to heat tissue when ultrasound is applied?

A) Mechanical action
B) Chemical action
C) Energy transfer
D) Magnetic current

Question 14

Which local response will occur as the body responds to heat loss from cryotherapy?

A) Vasodilation
B) Decreased metabolic rate
C) Increased inflammation
D) Increased pain

Question 15

What is identified when skin has ghost-white areas and beet-red splotches?

A) Mottling
B) Erythema
C) Pallor
D) Cyanosis

Question 16

What is the correct order of cooling in tissues?

A) Skin,adipose,fascia,muscle
B) Skin,fascia,muscle,adipose
C) Skin,adipose,muscle,fascia
D) Skin,muscle,fascia,adipose

Question 17

Cryotherapy modalities have a temperature range between 32°F and ____°F.

A) 65
B) 55
C) 45
D) 75

Question 18

How deep are superficial heating agents able to penetrate?

A) Less than 2 cm
B) 2 cm to 4 cm
C) 4 cm to 6 cm
D) Greater than 6 cm

Question 19

Which sensation of cold results from decreased nerve conduction velocity and an increase in the threshold required to fire nerves? This sensation is seldom achieved with cold application.

A) Anesthesia
B) Analgesia
C) Aching
D) Burning

Question 20

Every 1.8°F change in tissue temperature results in a percent change in the tissues' metabolic rate.

A) 5
B) 7
C) 13
D) 20