Deck 2: The Physiology and Psychology of Pain

Question 1

What pain-decreasing medication temporarily blocks nerve conduction,thus resulting in the loss of sensation?

A) Aspirin
B) Lidocaine
C) Endorphin
D) Propoxyphene

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In pain control theory,which is considered a secondary pain control approach?

A) Target the perception of pain
B) Resolve physiological pain triggers
C) Decrease mechanical irritation
D) Decrease chemical irritation

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which inflammatory pain mediator is released by mast cells to directly stimulate nociceptors?

A) Bradykinins
B) Prostaglandin
C) Substance P
D) Histamine

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What does the verbal rating scale use to represent the current pain intensity of a patient?

A) 10-cm line
B) Different faces
C) Numbers 1 through 10
D) Descriptive terms

Question 5

Which statement best describes nociception?

A) Nociception must be interpreted as pain by higher brain centers.
B) Nociception is a neuropsychological process that must be interpreted as pain.
C) Nociception describes an unpleasant sensation.
D) Nociception is the neural process of encoding and processing noxious stimuli.

Question 6

Which scenario will result in a closing of the gate,thus inhibiting the pain signal from getting to the second-order neuron?

A) Large-diameter afferent traffic is greater than small diameter.
B) Small-diameter afferent traffic is greater than large diameter.
C) Increase speed of small-diameter afferent transmission.
D) Increase speed of large-diameter afferent transmission.

Question 7

Memories of past experiences are a component that creates one's "pain filter." Where do these memories come from?

A) Limbic system
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Somatosensory system
D) Thalamus

Question 8

Which of the following are examples of mechanical stimuli that can trigger peripheral nociceptors? Select all that apply.

A) Thermal changes associated with the inflammatory response
B) Direct-force trauma
C) Release of prostaglandins from trauma
D) Pressure from swelling

Question 9

What best defines pain that is produced from a normally nonpainful stimulus?

A) Hyperesthesia
B) Hyperalgesia
C) Primary hyperalgesia
D) Primary hyperesthesia

Question 10

Which of the following are associated with pain tolerance? Select all that apply.

A) Limbic system
B) C fibers
C) Cortex
D) A-delta fibers
E) Thalamus

Question 11

Which statements are true regarding the definition of pain? Select all that apply.

A) Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience.
B) Pain is associated only with actual tissue damage and not potential damage.
C) Pain is always an emotional experience.
D) Acute pain has an identifiable cause and extended duration.
E) Pain is just a simple sensation and not a process.

Question 12

Which of the following dimensions of pain perception localize the source and type of pain?

A) Effective-terminal
B) Sensory-discriminative
C) Cognitive-evaluative
D) Affective-motivational

Question 13

What mechanoreceptor is located deeper in the skin and reacts to higher levels of mechanical pressure?

A) Merkel's disks
B) Meissner's corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Ruffini corpuscles

Question 14

Which therapeutic modalities can provide mechanical pain reduction by removing swelling,restoring joint motion,decreasing pressure on nerve endings,and restoring blood flow? Select all that apply.

A) Intermittent compression
B) Continuous passive motion
C) Shortwave diathermy
D) Electrical stimulation
E) Cervical/lumbar traction

Question 15

Which statements are true regarding the afferents responsible for transmitting pain? Select all that apply.

A) The fibers that transmit pain are A-beta and C fibers.
B) The fibers are heavily myelinated.
C) A-delta fibers give ability to localize pain to a specific spot.
D) Both types of fibers respond to mechanical pressure and temperature extremes.
E) Pain originating from C fibers is referred to as "fast" pain.

Question 16

Which therapeutic modality has the ability to alter cell membrane permeability and thus alter the rate of nerve depolarization?

A) Cold packs
B) Therapeutic ultrasound
C) Electrical stimulation
D) Intermittent compression

Question 17

Pain threshold is often based on the recruitment of ___________fibers.

A) A-delta
B) A-beta
C) C
D) COX-1

Question 18

What substance is released by the body and reduces the perception of pain by bonding to pain receptor sites?

A) Serotonin
B) Enkephalin
C) Mast cells
D) Tract cells

Question 19

Damage to the diaphragm can result in referred pain to the skin and muscles of the ___________________.

A) neck and shoulder
B) lower back
C) thigh and knee
D) anterior thorax

Question 20

Regarding pain control,the primary action of NSAIDS is to block the action of what inflammatory pain mediator?

A) Bradykinins
B) Prostaglandin
C) Substance P
D) Histamine