Deck 14: Endocrine System

Question 1

The combining form (CF) adren/o means

A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) adenoids.
D) thyroid gland.
E) thymus gland.

Answer 1

adrenal glands.

Question 2

Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called

A) reticular cells.
B) target cells.
C) satellite cells.
D) stem cells.
E) sensory cells.

Answer 2

target cells.

Question 3

The CF crin/o means

A) crinology.
B) secrete.
C) absorb.
D) cross.
E) hidden.

Answer 3

secrete.

Question 4

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the

A) thalamus.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) hypothalamus.
D) hypophysis.
E) adenohypophysis.

Question 5

The CF calc/o means

A) carbon dioxide.
B) calcaneum.
C) carbonate.
D) calcium.
E) calcine.

Question 6

The "master gland" that regulates other glands is called the

A) thyroid.
B) pineal.
C) pituitary.
D) parathyroid.
E) adrenal.

Question 7

The four parathyroid glands are

A) located on the anterior upper surface of the thyroid gland.
B) located on the anterior lower surface of the thyroid gland.
C) located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
D) embedded in the middle of the thyroid gland.
E) located on the four edges of the thyroid gland.

Question 8

A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called

A) cretinism.
B) homeostasis.
C) glycogenesis.
D) hirsutism.
E) metabolism.

Question 9

Which gland regulates metabolism?

A) Pineal
B) Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
C) Parathyroid
D) Adrenal
E) Thyroid

Question 10

Which substance is an electrolyte?

A) Epinephrine
B) Cortisol
C) Glucose
D) Potassium
E) Insulin

Question 11

The CF home/o means

A) different.
B) unlike.
C) same, alike.
D) humerus.
E) sweat.

Question 12

Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?

A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Sodium
D) Glucagon
E) Thyroxine

Question 13

Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?

A) Prolactin
B) Somatropin
C) Glucocorticoid
D) Estrogen
E) Oxytocin

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?

A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Aldosterone
D) Insulin
E) Androgen

Question 15

Which hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete during a crisis situation?

A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Aldosterone
D) Cortisol
E) Epinephrine

Question 16

The CF glyc/o means

A) milk.
B) protein.
C) granule.
D) glue.
E) sugar, sweetness.

Question 17

The CF kal/i means

A) calcium.
B) carbonate.
C) nucleus.
D) potassium (an electrolyte).
E) plasma.

Question 18

Which organ produces insulin?

A) Thyroid gland
B) Pineal gland
C) Pancreas
D) Kidneys
E) Pituitary gland

Question 19

The CF pancreat/o means

A) parathyroid.
B) pancreas.
C) sugar.
D) insulin.
E) gland.

Question 20

The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called

A) oxytocin.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) somatotropin.
D) prolactin.
E) follicle-stimulating hormone.

Question 21

The CF thyr/o means

A) thyroid gland.
B) parathyroid gland.
C) thymus gland.
D) adrenal gland.
E) pineal gland.

Question 22

Hypersecretion of urine is called

A) polydipsia.
B) anuria.
C) glycosuria.
D) hyperuricemia.
E) diuresis.

Question 23

The CF toxic/o means

A) death.
B) tension.
C) decay.
D) poison.
E) destruction.

Question 24

Diagnosis of which type of diabetes usually occurs when patients are children or young adults?

A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
C) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes insipidus
D) Type 1 diabetes
E) Type 2 diabetes

Question 25

Exophthalmos is a disorder caused by hypersecretion of T₃ and T₄ from the

A) pineal gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) pancreas.
D) gonads.
E) parathyroid gland.

Question 26

The suffix -gen means

A) genetic.
B) genitalia.
C) forming, producing, origin.
D) ganglion.
E) pregnancy.

Question 27

Hypersecretion of thyroxine causes which disorder?

A) Graves disease
B) Myxedema
C) Cretinism
D) Addison disease
E) Tetany

Question 28

An abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood is called

A) hypovolemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypocalcemia.
D) hypoglycemia.
E) hyponatremia.

Question 29

Gigantism and dwarfism result from improper secretion of growth hormone from the

A) pituitary gland.
B) adrenal gland.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pancreatic gland.
E) thymus gland.

Question 30

An endocrinologist would treat which disease?

A) Cerebral palsy
B) Stroke
C) Diabetes
D) Meningitis
E) Myeloma

Question 31

Hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex causes

A) Cushing syndrome.
B) Graves disease.
C) cretinism.
D) myxedema.
E) diabetes.

Question 32

The prefix poly- means

A) change.
B) many, much.
C) excessive.
D) above normal.
E) gray.

Question 33

In adults, hypersecretion by the thyroid gland causes

A) cretinism.
B) myxedema.
C) osteoporosis.
D) Graves disease.
E) tetany.

Question 34

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the

A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) pancreas.
D) pineal gland.
E) thyroid gland.

Question 35

The prefix exo- means

A) exocrine.
B) outside, outward.
C) inward.
D) abnormal.
E) excrete.

Question 36

The suffix -emia means

A) blood condition.
B) thirst.
C) lymph.
D) insulin.
E) urinary condition.

Question 37

What term means an excessive growth of body hair, especially in women?

A) virilism
B) hirsutism
C) diuresis
D) cretinism
E) tetany

Question 38

The prefix micro- means

A) large.
B) micron.
C) small.
D) expansive.
E) less.

Question 39

A characteristic of tetany is

A) muscle spasms.
B) bone spurs.
C) tumors.
D) increased calcium levels.
E) blurred vision.

Question 40

The prefix eu- means

A) good, normal.
B) euphoria.
C) out from.
D) euphonism.
E) feeling.

Question 41

Excessive development of mammary tissue in males is called

A) hyperplasia.
B) gynecomastia.
C) galactorrhea.
D) adnexa.
E) hypervolemia.

Question 42

Which procedure involves partial or complete excision of the pituitary gland?

A) Adenectomy
B) Adrenalectomy
C) Hypophysectomy
D) Encephalectomy
E) Encephalotomy

Question 43

An elevated potassium level in the blood is called

A) hypervolemia.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hyponatremia.
D) hypercalcemia.
E) hypothyroidism.

Question 44

Acromegaly results from hypersecretion of

A) insulin.
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone.
C) growth hormone.
D) glucocorticoids.
E) prolactin.

Question 45

Pronounced hyperthyroidism is a characteristic of which disorder?

A) Graves disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Addison disease
E) Hypothyroidism

Question 46

Which surgical procedure involves incision of the thyroid gland?

A) Thyrostomy
B) Thyrotomy
C) Thyropathy
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyroidectomy

Question 47

Which disorder is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by enlargement of the facial and jaw bones?

A) Thyrotoxicosis
B) Goiter
C) Graves disease
D) Hyperkalemia
E) Acromegaly

Question 48

Onset of diabetes that occurs later in life is called

A) type 1.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) ketosis.
D) type 2.
E) ketoacidosis.

Question 49

Hypersecretion of adrenal estrogen and progestin in males leads to

A) masculinization.
B) cretinism.
C) dwarfism.
D) virilism.
E) feminization.

Question 50

In which condition are sodium blood levels lower than normal?

A) Hypervolemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Hypothyroidism

Question 51

A clinical manifestation of Addison disease is

A) jaundice on the extremities.
B) muscle weakness.
C) blurred vision.
D) anorexia.
E) kidney polyp.

Question 52

Which disease is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia?

A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Myelomalacia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Acromegaly
E) Jaundice

Question 53

Which laboratory test measures blood glucose levels in a blood sample after the patient refrains from eating food for at least 8 hours?

A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose

Question 54

Which term means excessive glucose in the blood?

A) hypoglycemia
B) glucogenesis
C) glucosuria
D) hyperglycemia
E) glycogen

Question 55

Which screening test determines how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood at regular intervals after a fast of at least 8 hours?

A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose

Question 56

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

A) hypergonadism.
B) euthyroid.
C) thyromegaly.
D) tetany.
E) hypophyseal enlargement.

Question 57

The procedure to incise and remove a pancreatic stone is called

A) pancreatolithotomy.
B) pancreatopathy.
C) pancreatomegaly.
D) pancreatoma.
E) pancreatolithiasis.

Question 58

A disorder caused by hyperthyroidism is

A) adenoma.
B) neoplasm.
C) goiter.
D) cretinism.
E) Addison disease.

Question 59

Which procedure involves the excision of one or more parathyroid glands?

A) Parathyroidotomy
B) Thyroidectomy
C) Parathyroidectomy
D) Thyroidolysis
E) Parathyroidolysis

Question 60

An abnormal condition of pancreatic stones is called

A) pancreatitis.
B) pancreatopathy.
C) pancreatomegaly.
D) pancreatoma.
E) pancreatolithiasis.

Question 61

Which procedure involves excision of the pituitary gland through the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue?

A) Pituitarotomy
B) Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
C) Encephalectomy
D) Cephalotomy
E) Exophthalmometry

Question 62

Which abbreviation stands for parathormone?

A) PBI
B) ADH
C) PTH
D) TSH
E) LH

Question 63

Hyposecretion of growth hormone in infants causes gigantism.

Question 64

Hypothyroidism that develops during adulthood is known as cretinism.

Question 65

Hypersecretion of thyroxine causes Graves disease.

Question 66

The adrenal cortex is associated with osteoporosis.

Question 67

Which abbreviation is associated with an electrolyte?

A) DI
B) K
C) LT
D) T₃
E) T₄

Question 68

Which laboratory test measures the amount of blood glucose levels after the administration of glucose?

A) TFT
B) HRT
C) GTT
D) GH
E) PGH

Question 69

Hyposecretion of prolactin in nursing mothers causes galactorrhea.

Question 70

The blood test used to diagnose diabetes by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin coated with glucose is called

A) fasting blood glucose.
B) A1c test.
C) RAIU
D) glucose tolerance test.
E) insulin tolerance test.

Question 71

Which classification of drugs helps in preparing for thyroidectomy or treating thyrotoxic crisis?

A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones

Question 72

Which abbreviation denotes diabetic complications that occur when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones?

A) DKA
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) FBS
E) GH

Question 73

A radioactive iodine uptake and scan is a nuclear procedure associated with diagnosing the

A) pancreas.
B) thymus gland.
C) pituitary gland.
D) thyroid gland.
E) adrenal glands.

Question 74

Which classification of drugs helps treat Addison disease?

A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones

Question 75

What classification of drugs increases skeletal growth in children?

A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids

Question 76

Decreased calcium and phosphorus in the blood may cause tetany.

Question 77

Which classification of drugs suppresses inflammation and controls allergic reactions?

A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids

Question 78

Which abbreviation is associated with administration of iodine?

A) NPH
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) RAI
E) FSH

Question 79

Which classification of drugs helps treat type 2 diabetes?

A) Insulins
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antidiuretics

Question 80

Which imaging procedure obtains images of the thyroid gland after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine to identify thyroid pathologies, such as tumors?

A) Thyroid function test
B) Protein-bound iodine test
C) Thyroid scan
D) Radioactive iodine uptake
E) Insulin tolerance test