Deck 11: Urinary System

Question 1

The opening where the renal artery and renal vein enter and leave the kidney is called the

A) hilum.
B) ureter.
C) trigone.
D) renal tubule.
E) Bowman capsule.

Answer 1

hilum.

Question 2

When oxygen levels are low, the kidneys secrete erythropoietin to stimulate production of

A) nitrogenous products.
B) red blood cells.
C) white blood cells.
D) electrolytes.
E) amino acids.

Answer 2

red blood cells.

Question 3

Reabsorption in the nephron occurs in the

A) Bowman capsule.
B) renal corpuscle.
C) renal tubule.
D) glomerulus.
E) afferent arteriole.

Answer 3

renal tubule.

Question 4

In a frontal section of the kidney, the outer layer is the

A) hilum.
B) cortex.
C) medulla.
D) trigone.
E) meatus.

Question 5

The area at the base of the bladder delineated by the urethra and the ureters is called the

A) renal pelvis.
B) renal cortex.
C) trigone.
D) renal medulla.
E) Bowman capsule.

Question 6

Waste filtered by the kidney includes

A) bile.
B) diuretics.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) nitrogenous products.
E) chyme.

Question 7

The kidneys produce which hormone?

A) Vasopressin
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Erythropoietin
D) Calcitonin
E) Androgen

Question 8

After removal of wastes, blood leaves the kidney by way of the

A) ureter.
B) renal artery.
C) portal vein.
D) renal vein.
E) urinary meatus.

Question 9

The CF vesic/o means

A) seminal vesicle.
B) vas deferens.
C) vessel.
D) bladder.
E) prepuce.

Question 10

The renal corpuscle is composed of the funnel-shaped end of the renal tubule and the

A) ureter.
B) glomerulus.
C) renal pelvis.
D) peritubular capillaries.
E) efferent arteriole.

Question 11

The CF lith/o means

A) lip.
B) stone, calculus.
C) kidney.
D) good, normal.
E) renal pelvis.

Question 12

The renal corpuscle is composed of capillaries known as the

A) glomerulus.
B) tubule.
C) efferent arteriole.
D) afferent arteriole.
E) Bowman capsule.

Question 13

The CF olig/o means

A) odor.
B) oily.
C) excessive.
D) foreign.
E) scanty.

Question 14

The CF noct/o means

A) night.
B) natural.
C) near.
D) normal.
E) never.

Question 15

The microscopic filtering units found in the kidneys that are responsible for urine formation are called

A) calyces.
B) collecting tubules.
C) bulbourethral glands.
D) urinary meatus.
E) nephrons.

Question 16

Waste products are transported to kidneys via the

A) renal artery.
B) renal vein.
C) collecting tubule.
D) renal pelvis.
E) ureter.

Question 17

Urine is expelled from the body through the

A) renal tubule.
B) ureter.
C) renal pelvis.
D) calyx.
E) urethra.

Question 18

The combining form (CF) py/o means

A) pus.
B) fever.
C) hidden.
D) heat.
E) renal pelvis.

Question 19

The renal pelvis is

A) an extension of the peritoneal cavity.
B) an extension of the ureter.
C) located at the base of the bladder.
D) a portion of the urethra.
E) a portion of the renal corpuscle.

Question 20

In the process of urine formation, filtration takes place in the

A) renal corpuscle.
B) bladder.
C) renal pelvis.
D) loop of Henle.
E) collecting tubule.

Question 21

The CF pyel/o means

A) meatus.
B) bladder.
C) trigone.
D) pus.
E) renal pelvis.

Question 22

The loss of large amounts of plasma protein in urine, causing systemic edema, is called

A) pyelonephritis.
B) hydronephrosis.
C) nephrohydrosis.
D) nephrotic syndrome.
E) nephropyosis.

Question 23

Which term means blood in the urine?

A) hyperuricemia
B) hematuria
C) uremia
D) diuresis
E) hemoptysis

Question 24

An inability to control urination is called

A) anuria.
B) enuresis.
C) frequency.
D) polyuria.
E) dysuria.

Question 25

In glomerulonephritis, the glomerular membrane becomes

A) inflamed and leaky.
B) infected.
C) necrosed.
D) enlarged.
E) ischemic.

Question 26

One of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease is

A) hepatitis.
B) cystitis.
C) diabetes.
D) fistula.
E) cystocele.

Question 27

The CF glomerul/o means

A) bladder.
B) nephron.
C) glomerulus.
D) excretion.
E) filtration.

Question 28

The prefix retro- means

A) reverse.
B) return.
C) result.
D) backward, behind.
E) below, beneath.

Question 29

The CF kal/i means

A) sodium.
B) lithium.
C) potassium.
D) nitrogen.
E) chlorine.

Question 30

The CF azot/o means

A) blue, blueness.
B) nitrogenous compounds.
C) glucose compounds.
D) potassium.
E) sodium.

Question 31

The suffix -genesis means

A) forming, producing, origin.
B) generate.
C) genital.
D) glomerulus.
E) stricture.

Question 32

A Wilms tumor is a

A) malignant tumor of the kidney, usually occurring in children.
B) malignant tumor of the prostate gland associated with the aging process.
C) nonmalignant tumor resulting from kidney stones.
D) nonmalignant tumor present at birth.
E) malignant tumor of the bladder.

Question 33

Which of the following pairs of words and definitions is mismatched?

A) oliguria-decrease in urine volume
B) diuresis-painful urination
C) polyuria-increase in urine flow
D) anuria-complete absence of urine flow
E) hematuria-blood in the urine

Question 34

The CF ren/o means

A) bladder.
B) kidney.
C) nephron.
D) urethra.
E) meatus.

Question 35

The condition in which excess amounts of urea, creatinine, and uric acid build up in the blood is called

A) anuria.
B) azotemia.
C) hyperkalemia.
D) hypernatremia.
E) bilirubinemia.

Question 36

The prefix dia- means

A) through, across.
B) within.
C) carry.
D) destroy.
E) crush.

Question 37

The suffix -uria means

A) urea.
B) ureter.
C) structure.
D) urine.
E) stricture.

Question 38

Another term for enuresis is

A) dysuria.
B) anuria.
C) incontinence.
D) aspermia.
E) azotemia.

Question 39

The CF urethr/o means

A) urethra.
B) ureter.
C) urine.
D) urea.
E) uterus.

Question 40

An abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is called a(n)

A) duct.
B) vessel.
C) abscess.
D) fistula.
E) fissure.

Question 41

Inflammation of the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominopelvic cavity is called

A) periostitis.
B) peritoneopathy.
C) peritonitis.
D) serusitis.
E) seropathy.

Question 42

Excessive or frequent urination after going to bed is called

A) polyuria.
B) hyperuria.
C) enuresis.
D) nocturia.
E) dysuria.

Question 43

Crushing of a stone is called

A) lithiasis.
B) lithotomy.
C) lithotripsy.
D) lithogenesis.
E) lithectomy.

Question 44

The presence of pus in the urine is called

A) pyuria.
B) hematuria.
C) pusuria.
D) oliguria.
E) dysuria.

Question 45

A hemorrhage from the urethra is called

A) urethrorrhagia.
B) urethrolithiasis.
C) urethropathy.
D) urethrodynia.
E) urethrostenosis.

Question 46

The presence of abnormally large amounts of urea in the blood is called

A) uremia.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hematuria.
D) pyuria.
E) polyuria.

Question 47

Which test helps evaluate the blood flow, structure, and function of the kidneys after intravenous (IV) injection of a radioactive tracer?

A) Intravenous pyelography
B) Computed tomography (CT) scan of the kidneys
C) Renography
D) Renal nuclear scan
E) Electromyography

Question 48

The presence of calculi in any urinary structure is called

A) nephrolithiasis.
B) renal lithiasis.
C) ureterolith.
D) urolithiasis.
E) pyelolithiasis.

Question 49

The two most common causes of end-stage renal disease are diabetes and

A) arteriosclerosis.
B) hypertension.
C) ischemia.
D) necrosis.
E) nephroptosis.

Question 50

A narrowing or stricture of the urethra is called

A) urethratresia.
B) urethrostenosis.
C) urethritis.
D) urethrism.
E) urethrophraxis.

Question 51

A malignancy arising from the bladder is called

A) mucoma.
B) epithelioma.
C) myxedema.
D) adenocarcinoma.
E) nephrosarcoma.

Question 52

A procedure in which high-frequency sound waves produce images of the bladder to determine bladder volume and identify incomplete bladder emptying is called

A) cystoscopy.
B) cystography.
C) electromyography.
D) bladder ultrasonography.
E) cystourethrography.

Question 53

An inherited disease in which sacs of fluid develop in the kidney is called

A) Wilms tumor.
B) nephroma.
C) nephroblastosis.
D) polycystic kidney.
E) nephrocele.

Question 54

Suspension or fixation of a floating or moveable kidney is called

A) nephrorrhaphy.
B) nephropexy.
C) nephroptosis.
D) nephrolithiasis.
E) nephrolithotomy.

Question 55

The presence of an abnormally large quantity of protein in the urine is called

A) azotemia.
B) proteinuria.
C) hematuria.
D) anuria.
E) pyuria.

Question 56

An abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by accumulated urine that cannot flow past the obstruction is called

A) pyelopathy.
B) pyelostenosis.
C) hydronephrosis.
D) urethrostenosis.
E) anuria.

Question 57

The condition in which the bladder herniates into the vagina is called

A) vaginocele.
B) cystoptosis.
C) cystopathy.
D) cystitis.
E) cystocele.

Question 58

Excessive urination is called

A) polyuria.
B) nocturia.
C) anuria.
D) oliguria.
E) dysuria.

Question 59

Inflammation of the bladder is called:

A) vesicocele.
B) vesicodynia.
C) cystitis.
D) cystopathy.
E) nephritis.

Question 60

The visual examination of the bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies, and to remove pathological tissue is called

A) cystoscopy.
B) cystopexy.
C) cystotomy.
D) vesicocele.
E) vesicostomy.

Question 61

Which agents promote the excretion of urine?

A) Diaphoretics
B) Antidiuretics
C) Uremics
D) Uricosurics
E) Diuretics

Question 62

Insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to treat urine flow obstruction is called

A) intravenous pyelography.
B) ureteral stent placement.
C) intrathecal pyelography.
D) intra-arterial stent placement.
E) urethral stent placement.

Question 63

Which procedure is a radiological examination of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after urination using a contrast medium to enhance imaging?

A) Renal ultrasound
B) Renography
C) Nephrography
D) Voiding cystourethrography
E) Voiding cystography

Question 64

Which blood test is commonly used to evaluate kidney function?

A) Blood urea nitrogen
B) Urine culture and sensitivity
C) Blood culture and sensitivity
D) Renal culture
E) Bladder culture

Question 65

Which procedure measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra?

A) Myorrhaphy
B) Electromyorrhaphy
C) Electromyography
D) Urethrography
E) Urethromyography

Question 66

Surgical repair of the renal pelvis is called

A) nephroplasty.
B) peritoneoplasty.
C) ureteroplasty.
D) pyoplasty.
E) pyeloplasty.

Question 67

The surgical fixation of the bladder is called

A) cystocele.
B) cystoptosis.
C) cystopexy.
D) cystitis.
E) cystogram.

Question 68

Visual examination of the urethra is called

A) uroscopy.
B) cystoscopy.
C) ureteroscopy.
D) pyeloscopy.
E) urethroscopy.

Question 69

What type of dialysis removes toxic wastes from the body using the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?

A) Toxodialysis
B) Hemodialysis
C) Filtrate dialysis
D) Glomerular dialysis
E) Peritoneal dialysis

Question 70

Creation of an opening between the skin and kidney to drain urine to an external receptacle when ureters are unable to do so is called

A) nephropexy.
B) nephrostomy.
C) cystoscopy.
D) pyelorrhaphy.
E) nephrorrhaphy.

Question 71

A radiographic imaging of the urinary tract after intravenous injection of a contrast medium is called

A) BNO.
B) PSA.
C) KUB.
D) IVP.
E) DRE.

Question 72

The abbreviation ESWL is associated with

A) circulatory collapse.
B) severe hypotension.
C) hemorrhage.
D) dehydration.
E) nephrolithiasis.

Question 73

The physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of a urine specimen is called

A) specific gravity.
B) urinalysis.
C) renal dialysis.
D) urogram.
E) urochesia.

Question 74

Which abbreviation refers to chronic renal failure?

A) ESRD
B) DRE
C) KUB
D) US
E) ESWL

Question 75

Which laboratory test determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea?

A) BUN
B) C&S
C) PSA
D) UA
E) sp. gr.

Question 76

Radiological imaging of the bladder using a contrast medium is called

A) cystopexy.
B) cystogram.
C) cystography.
D) urography.
E) urogram.

Question 77

What type of dialysis filters waste-filled blood by diverting it to an artificial kidney machine and then returning the cleansed blood to the patient's bloodstream?

A) Toxodialysis
B) Hemodialysis
C) Filtrate dialysis
D) Glomerular dialysis
E) Peritoneal dialysis

Question 78

An incision that enlarges the urethral opening to relieve urethral stenosis is called

A) urethrostomy.
B) meatotomy.
C) cystotomy.
D) ureterotomy.
E) pyelotomy.

Question 79

Surgical removal of the bladder is called

A) vesicocele.
B) cystopexy.
C) cystostomy.
D) vesicostomy.
E) cystectomy.

Question 80

Imaging of the urethra is called

A) urethrography.
B) ureterography.
C) ureterogram.
D) urethromyogram.
E) urethromyography.