Deck 2: The Chemistry of Life

Question 1

When two monosaccharides are joined together, ________ is formed through ________ synthesis.

A) a disaccharide; hydrolysis
B) a polysaccharide; hydrolysis
C) glucose; condensation
D) a disaccharide; condensation
E) starch; condensation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) A base is a H⁺ ion donor.
B) Pure water is completely neutral and has a pH of 0.
C) As the concentration of H⁺ goes up, the pH also goes up.
D) If the hydroxyl ions outnumber the H⁺ ions, the pH will be less than 7.0.
E) Bases reduce the concentration of H⁺ in water.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

If an atom X has an atomic number of 18, then:

A) there are 18 protons.
B) there are 9 protons and 9 electrons.
C) there are 18 neutrons.
D) there are 9 protons and 9 neutrons.
E) it also has a mass number of 18.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When one atom donates electrons and another atom accepts those electrons, a(n) ________ bond forms.

A) polar covalent
B) hydrogen bond
C) nonpolar covalent
D) ionic

Question 5

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A) electrons: negative charge
B) neutrons: no charge
C) protons: positive charge
D) atomic mass number: protons plus electrons
E) uncharged atom: the number of electrons = the number of protons

Question 6

The building blocks of ________ are ________ .

A) polysaccharides; fatty acids
B) DNA; nucleotides
C) nucleic acids; amino acids
D) polysaccharides; glycerol
E) fats; monosaccharides

Question 7

Which of the following compounds will not dissolve in water?

A) one consisting largely of non-polar covalent bonds
B) one consisting largely of polar covalent bonds
C) one consisting largely of ionic bonds
D) one that readily forms hydrogen bonds
E) one in which many of the atoms have partial charges

Question 8

The purines of nucleic acids are ________ and ________.

A) thymine; guanine
B) adenine; guanine
C) adenine; cytosine
D) thymine; cytosine
E) cytosine; guanine

Question 9

Why do proteins become less active as they lose their three-dimensional shape?

Question 10

Enzymes function by ________, which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

A) increasing the stability of the reactants
B) multiplying the number of active sites on the reactants
C) lowering the energy of activation
D) increasing the energy of activation
E) keeping the pH constant

Question 11

Describe the relationship between an atom's stability and its energy. How does this impact an atom's reactivity?

Question 12

What factors determine if a substance will or will not dissolve in water?

Question 13

An atom has 1 electron in an outer shell that holds a maximum of eight electrons. This atom:

A) is most likely an inert gas.
B) will most likely form polar covalent bonds.
C) will most likely gain electrons to achieve stability.
D) will most likely become a negatively charged ion to achieve stability.
E) will most likely lose its outer electron to achieve stability.