Deck 7: Play in Special Populations

Question 1

With preschool children the use of anatomically correct dolls seems to be questionable because

A) Children under the age of four fail to understand that the doll is supposed to represent them.
B) Preschool children are not verbal enough to say what happened to them.
C) Preschool children do not have a concept of gender and so anatomically correct dolls are meaningless to them.
D) Anatomically correct dolls frighten young children.
E) All of the above.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The behavior of children with emotional problems is characterized by developmental _______ while in the child with an intellectual deficit the problem is one of _________.

A) delay, confusion
B) distortion, confusion
C) distortion, delay
D) precocity, delay
E) regression, confusion

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The period of the greatest expansion of hospital play programs in the United States occurred during the

A) late 1800's and early 1900's.
B) 1980's.
C) 1960's and 1970's.
D) 1930's.
E) 1850's and 1860's.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which type of hospital play program is based primarily on the assumption that children are better adjusted if they can release their feelings freely?

A) activity/recreation
B) diversionary
C) therapeutic
D) child development
E) child-life

Question 5

Which statement about the play of children with visual impairments is correct?

A) Children with visual impairments are usually unable to play.
B) Children with visual impairments play less imaginatively than sighted children.
C) Children with visual impairments play differently with toys, but are no different from sighted children in their make-believe play.
D) Sighted children usually refuse to incorporate children with visual impairments into their play.
E) Children with limited vision prefer group play activities rather than solitary ones.

Question 6

The ability described by psychologists as a "theory of mind" refers to the capacity to

A) understand one's own thought processes.
B) impute mental states to oneself and others.
C) realize that reason, and not emotion, governs human behavior.
D) play appropriately with toys.
E) realize that there are no simple explanations for human thinking.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about childhood autism is true?

A) It is the result of being raised by cold and indifferent parents.
B) It is characterized by significant impairments in social interaction and communication skills.
C) It affects one in every hundred children in the United States.
D) Its symptoms are exactly the same as those of Asperger's Syndrome.
E) It is usually accompanied by intellectual impairments.

Question 8

Which group of children is the least likely to engage in symbolic play?

A) speech delayed
B) hearing impaired
C) autistic
D) hospitalized
E) intellectually impaired

Question 9

Which is true of the symbolic play of children with intellectual deficits?

A) It appears at a later age than in typical children.
B) It appears suddenly rather than gradually.
C) It appears very rarely.
D) It appears before sensorimotor play.
E) It can be encouraged but will not appear spontaneously.

Question 10

Which is not true of the outcome of the inclusion approach of integrating special needs children into classrooms with typically developing children?

A) Children with special needs are usually completely accepted by other children.
B) Young children seem to prefer a playmate whose development is normal to a playmate with a disability.
C) Positive social interaction is more likely among children without disabilities than among children who have them.
D) There is often very little spontaneous interaction between the two groups.
E) Children with special needs develop fewer friendships.

Question 11

When children who have been sexually abused are at play, they

A) spend most of their time undressing and examining the sexual parts of dolls.
B) are passive, and do not call attention to themselves.
C) are disruptive and aggressive.
D) play more imaginatively than non-abused children do.
E) refuse to play with adult dolls, and instead play only with dolls that look like babies.

Question 12

Children with autism are less likely to engage in complex toy play and less likely to use toys appropriately, and this is probably because

A) they do not see the toys as representative of other objects.
B) they fear toys because they think they're alive.
C) they have few opportunities to learn what toys are used for.
D) parents of children with autism think their children would not like toys.
E) toys require that they communicate, which they are unable to do.

Question 13

When entering a playgroup, children with disabilities are often

A) overly direct and even disruptive.
B) shy.
C) excessively polite.
D) hostile and aggressive.
E) apologetic and eager to please.

Question 14

Which is not a necessary condition for play to occur in a hospital setting?

A) a caring and consistent supervisor
B) a warm, inviting, child-oriented atmosphere
C) a large variety of play materials
D) a playroom in which no medical procedures take place
E) a supply of educationally-oriented toys and games

Question 15

The stresses of hospitalization for young children will often result in

A) anxious and antisocial later in childhood.
B) regressive, immature behaviors.
C) anger and destructive behaviors.
D) temporary emotional withdrawal.
E) all of the above

Question 16

Compared to the average child, a child with an intellectual deficit seems to prefer to play with _________ materials.

A) unfamiliar
B) unstructured
C) colorful
D) structured
E) familiar

Question 17

According to the author of your text, the least valuable type of hospital play program is the ________ program.

A) activity/recreation
B) diversionary
C) therapeutic
D) child development
E) child-life

Question 18

Children with hearing difficulties often differ from other children in the amount of ___________ play they engage in.

A) sensorimotor
B) aggressive
C) make-believe
D) doll
E) rough-and-tumble

Question 19

Repetitive manipulation of toys is characteristic of children who are

A) intellectually impaired.
B) visually impaired.
C) hospitalized.
D) speech-delayed.
E) autistic.

Question 20

Preschool children who have difficulty understanding language or using it expressively have four of the following characteristics. Which statement is not correct in describing such children?

A) They are usually well liked and accepted by their peers.
B) They often behave aggressively with peers.
C) They are less capable of handling peer conflict.
D) They are easily frustrated when interacting with peers.
E) They are more dependent on adults for assistance than are other children.

Question 21

The goal of a ___________ play program is to encourage children not to think about being in a hospital.

Question 22

Children with autism have difficulty with _________ attention, which is coordinated looking at toys and people, showing toys to others or pointing to events and objects.

Question 23

One of the most striking differences in play between blind and sighted chil?dren is that children with limited vision engage in greater amounts of _________ play.

Question 24

The greatest period of expansion of hospital play programs occurred during the decades of the _____ and ______.

Question 25

A "theory of mind" refers to the ability to recognize the faulty logic in one's own thinking.

Question 26

The objective of _____ _____ hospital play programs is to reduce children's anxiety, as well as that of their families, and to help them maintain their self-esteem throughout the hospital experience.

Question 27

When they are included in groups with typically developing children, the play of special children is more sophisticated than when they are placed in separate settings.

Question 28

Children with cognitive deficits seem to be interested in the ________ rather than the ___________ characteristics of objects.

Question 29

Asperger's syndrome is characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and significant communication problems.

Question 30

The specific emotional disorder that has received the most attention from researchers in terms of its impact on play is _______.

Question 31

Children with visual impairments have very little interest in playing.

Question 32

Young children with hearing difficulties engage in lesser amounts of ___________ make-believe play.

Question 33

Children with autism rarely engage in _________ play, and when they attempt to do so they are less successful than the typically developing child.

Question 34

Young children with hearing difficulties prefer coopera?tive make-believe play to solitary play.

Question 35

Compared to typical children, children with autism are less likely to engage in complex toy play and less likely to use toys appropriately.

Question 36

Even if they are free of specific intellectual impairments, children with language deficits have difficulty with symbolic play.

Question 37

When a child plays with dolls in sexual ways, this is almost always an indicator that the child has been a victim of sexual abuse.

Question 38

Hospitalization is often so stressful an experience for young children that it can actually delay recovery.

Question 39

The classic "Sally and Anne" study is an example of a _________ experiment, which is the most widely used task to indicate the presence of a theory of mind.

Question 40

Children with intellectual deficits seem to get less pleasure from toys than do typically developing children.

Question 41

It is generally agreed today that it is a good idea to mainstream children with disabilities into regular preschool classrooms, but physical integration does not guarantee that children with special needs will be socially integrated. How does the typical preschool child view a child with a disability? What types of adult interventions are necessary to fully integrate the preschool classroom?

Question 42

List and describe four types of hospital play programs. Which type of program appears to be the most beneficial, and why?

Question 43

You have been asked to suggest a list of play materials for use in a hospital play program. What materials would you recommend, and why?

Question 44

What are the specific differences between typical children and those with intellectual deficits in their (a) play with objects and (b) make-believe, or symbolic, play? How can these differences be explained?

Question 45

How does the play of children who have been physically abused differ from that of victims of sexual abuse? How might these differences be explained?

Question 46

List and discuss the various suggestions offered by Frost and Klein (1979) to help adults make the play experience a richer one for children with visual impairments. Add to the list a suggestion of your own.

Question 47

Even highly intelligent children who have autism rarely engage in symbolic play. Describe the two hypotheses that have been suggested as explanations of this deficit, and discuss the research in support of each.

Question 48

Describe some of the emotional reactions of hospitalized children that indicate that a hospital stay can be a highly stressful experience. What is there about hospitalization that is so stressful for many children?