Deck 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5

Question 1

Children begin to show an interest in acting out adult roles at about the time they are

A) four.
B) one.
C) two.
D) five.
E) three.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The vast majority of the pretend play of preschool children consists of

A) solitary activity.
B) parallel play.
C) intense cooperative group interaction.
D) play with imaginary companions.
E) doll play.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When children play with peers of the same age or slightly older, their play is more ________ than when they play with younger children.

A) positive
B) cooperative
C) imitative
D) verbal
E) all of the above

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Most of five-year-old Paul's pretend play is solitary, and he rarely engages in group pretend activities even though he has many children available to play with. What can be said of Paul's play patterns?

A) They are perfectly normal for a child his age.
B) They suggest the possibility that Paul is socially immature.
C) They are normal for a boy, but would suggest immaturity in a girl.
D) They are indicative of emotional disturbance.
E) They indicate that Paul is more socially mature than his age-mates.

Question 5

Young children who are very closely attached to their parents display all but which one of the following characteristics?

A) They are more independent and more curious.
B) They would rather play with adults than with other children.
C) They are more sociable and more cooperative in play with peers.
D) They are more likely to explore the physical environment.
E) They're more successful at social pretend play with peers.

Question 6

Which dramatic play roles are most likely to be acted out by the preschool child?

A) stereotyped character roles
B) fictional character roles
C) family roles
D) functional roles
E) roles defined in terms of specific action plans.

Question 7

The largest single type of day care arrangement in the U.S. today is

A) the organized child care facility, such as a group day care center or nursery school.
B) care by a grandparent in the child's own home.
C) care in the home of a grandparent or other relative.
D) care by the child's own mother at her place of employment.

Question 8

The stage of accidental product creation in play usually occurs at approximately the age of ________.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 9

In a study by Andrea Taylor and her associates (1997), creative play was more likely to occur in outdoor environments that had

A) adult supervisors.
B) trees and shrubs.
C) playground equipment.
D) adequate lighting.
E) tall buildings.

Question 10

The lowest level of social play, according to Parten, is _________ play.

A) onlooker
B) parallel
C) associative
D) cooperative
E) solitary

Question 11

Psychologists agree that children first realize the difference between fantasy and reality by the time they are _______ years old.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 12

While working at the easel, Joshua makes the following offer to Stephanie: "I'll let you use my yellow paint if you let me have some red." This interchange illustrates the concept of ___________ play.

A) solitary
B) cooperative
C) associative
D) onlooker
E) parallel

Question 13

Which does not occur as children progress through the preschool years?

A) an increase in solitary play
B) an increase in the size of the average play group
C) an increase in associative play
D) an increase in small-muscle play activities
E) a decrease in sensory play

Question 14

Moderate to severe malnutrition during childhood will

A) result in learning difficulties but will have no influence on play.
B) influence physical play, but will have no effect on make-believe play.
C) lower the quality and decrease the overall amount of play.
D) influence play to such a degree that the negative effects cannot be reversed.

Question 15

Which of the following dramatic play roles is most likely a functional role?

A) mother
B) baby
C) Batman
D) cab driver
E) Hulk Hogan

Question 16

If a play space for children is small, there is _______________ than occurs in a large open play space.

A) more rough-and-tumble play
B) less physical contact
C) more running around
D) more quiet, focused activity
E) less creative play

Question 17

If a preschool child were stable, predictable, reliable, and cooperative, the chances are that this child is not younger than _____ year(s) old.

A) three
B) two
C) four
D) five
E) one

Question 18

During the preschool years a preference for other-sex playmates is related to

A) social adjustment difficulties.
B) a high degree of popularity.
C) high teacher ratings of social competence.
D) higher intelligence.
E) autism.

Question 19

As compared to children from intact families, children whose parents divorce

A) engage in fewer episodes of dramatic play.
B) assume more flexible dramatic play roles.
C) assume more imaginative dramatic play roles.
D) seek other children to play with, and avoid solitary play.
E) temporarily lose interest in play of any sort.

Question 20

Stubbornness, rigidity, negativism, and unwillingness to compromise are often characteristic of the average child at age

A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) five.

Question 21

Each child is still focused on a separate activity, but there is sharing, lending, taking turns, and attending to the activities of one's peers in what is known as ______________play.

Question 22

Children who engage in a lot of group make-believe play are more likely to clean up after themselves when they finish playing.

Question 23

Stubbornness, rigidity, and negativism illustrate the stage of autonomy vs. doubt and are typical characteristics of the child at the age of ____.

Question 24

When children play separately at the same activ?ity at the same time and in the same place we refer to the activity as _________ play.

Question 25

According to Mildren Parten, the lowest level of play is _______ play.

Question 26

Mildred Parten underestimated the ability of young children to engage in cooperative play.

Question 27

Children appear to be the most closely attached to parents who tend to be secure, and who are confident in their _______ skills.

Question 28

The children who are the most securely attached to their parents are the ones who have the greatest amount of conflict when playing with peers.

Question 29

Play with members of the opposite sex is rare in the preschool years.

Question 30

The type of play that is most significantly influenced by nutritional deficiencies is __________ play.

Question 31

Most children start putting words into two-word phrases by the time they are 12-15 months of age.

Question 32

Taking on imaginary roles helps children to control their own impulsive behavior.

Question 33

The type of make-believe play that stimulates the "what if" type of thinking that forms the basis for mature hypothetical reasoning and problem solving is ________ play.

Question 34

When young children play in traditional playgrounds, most of their time is spent in _________ play.

Question 35

The type of dramatic play role that is assumed most often by the preschool child is the __________ role.

Question 36

Compared to younger ones, older preschool children need a greater degree of realism in their props to engage successfully in dramatic play.

Question 37

Children who are malnourished are less playful than those who have adequate diets.

Question 38

Children do not begin to take an interest in adult roles until the age of four.

Question 39

It is not until the age of three that children clearly know the difference between reality and make-believe

Question 40

In dramatic play, the __________role is always defined in terms of a specific plan of action, such as preparer of dinner, firefighter, or monster.

Question 41

The materials found in a particular playground could have a significant effect on the quality of the play that occurs there. What type of materials are most likely to encourage (a) pure physical play, (b) symbolic play, and (c) social play?

Question 42

Dramatic play has been found to have benefits for the preschool child in the areas of affective, intellectual, and social development. Describe the benefits of dramatic play in each of the three areas.

Question 43

Describe the positive and the negative effects of exposure to a group child care setting on the play of young children. Why do the findings seem to be contradictory in this area? How can the apparent contradictions be explained?

Question 44

What is the relationship between play and the security of a child's attachment to its mother? Specifically, in what ways do securely attached children play that is less typical of children who are not as closely attached?

Question 45

Even when children of different ages play with the same materials, they play with them in different ways. The manner of play depends on the child's level of social maturity. Choose any play material and describe how a two-, three-, four-, and five-year old might use it differently.

Question 46

List and describe six of the major functions of sociodramatic play in the life of the young child.

Question 47

You've been asked to design an outdoor play environment specifically for the purpose of encouraging creative pretend play. Describe your ideal play area as fully as possible, both in terms of materials used and characteristics of the physical environment.

Question 48

Describe the five categories of social play that were identified in the 1930's by Mildred Parten, and explain how children progress through these categories between the ages of two and five.