Deck 11: Middle Adulthood

Question 1

A few years ago Robert noticed a few gray hairs.A little frustrated,he was able to isolate and pluck them out one by one; however,recently his gray hairs have become overwhelming in number and he has more gray hairs than brunette.Which of the following best describes the development of time period Robert is in?

A)emerging adulthood
B)young adulthood
C)middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Answer 1

C

Question 2

During middle adulthood the number of rods and cones of the retina decline dramatically.By age 60,an individual has lost about ____ of their rods and cones.

A)1/3
B)1/4
C)1/2
D)2/3

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When you were in high school,your friends had "mosquito" ring tones on your cell phones,which were very high-pitched (17kHz)tones.What did your 45-year-old teachers think of it?

A)Some of the teachers thought that there was an invasion of mosquitoes at your school.
B)Most the time the ring tones were very quiet and the teachers seemed to like them.
C)They found the high-pitched noise to be very irritating.
D)Most never heard it.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

For most men of European descent hair turning gray begins in ____,but by ____ most people have turned mostly or all gray.

A)late teens; young adulthood
B)young adulthood; middle adulthood
C)late teens; middle adulthood
D)middle adulthood; late adulthood

Question 5

In regards to photoreceptors of the eye,rods are ____ and cones are ____.

A)light receptors; color receptors
B)color receptors; light receptors
C)monocular depth cues; binocular depth cues
D)binocular depth cues; monocular depth cues

Question 6

The changes that occur in vision during middle adulthood make it necessary that most adults ____.

A)take the visual test each time they renew their licenses
B)get reading glasses
C)never drive at night
D)watch movies and television on large-screen television sets

Question 7

What are the tiny hairs in the inner ear known as?

A)tympanic hairs
B)incus,stapes,and malleus
C)cilia
D)hearing hairs

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why visual acuity during middle age declines?

A)The lens of the eye enlarges and becomes less flexible and less transparent.
B)The occipital lobe,the area of the brain that controls vision,becomes less efficient.
C)The retina of the eye becomes less pliable and malleable,therefore affecting acuity.
D)The phenomenon known as binocular vision becomes less efficient and slowly disappears.

Question 9

Your father,who is a high school English teacher,is having some difficulty reading,which is causing him considerable frustration.He has a pair of reading glasses,but loses them constantly because he is not really used to needing glasses.What is something that you could suggest to him that might be helpful? What type of surgery could he have?

A)monovision
B)regular Lasik
C)binocular adjustment procedure
D)retinal replacement

Question 10

Hearing declines in midlife for about 13% of adults in developed countries,especially for ____.

A)speech sounds
B)low-pitched sounds
C)high-pitched sounds
D)bone-conducted sound

Question 11

You have noticed that whenever you and your mother are at a bookstore,she needs to hold the book that she is reading about an arm's length away from her face.Is she just trying to embarrass you?

A)Yes,middle adults have really good vision.
B)No,she needs to get reading glasses.
C)No,she probably has macular degeneration and needs to see an ophthalmologist.
D)Yes,although there are minor visual changes,she is obviously just playing them up.

Question 12

When are individuals likely to notice that it is more difficult to perceive images in sharp focus and to see in dim light?

A)late teens
B)young adulthood
C)middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 13

By age 60,the rod and cone receptors diminish by what percentage?

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 14

Which the following best describes the number of people who need glasses for reading by age 60?

A)a small handful of people
B)about a third of people
C)about half of people
D)most people

Question 15

During ____ vision and hearing both decline,although the decline is greater for ____.

A)young adulthood; vision
B)young adulthood; hearing
C)middle age; vision
D)middle age; hearing

Question 16

During middle adulthood,which of the following is more likely to experience hair thinning and baldness?

A)a male of European descent
B)a female of European descent
C)a male of Asian descent
D)a female of Asian descent

Question 17

What continues to increase in prevalence partly due to a biological tendency toward increasing body fat and losing muscle mass in middle adulthood?

A)obesity
B)joint problems
C)athletic injuries
D)hair loss

Question 18

What is a surgical technique that can be used to help those who have difficulties seeing distant objects?

A)lens ablation
B)retinal surgery
C)mono-chromal adjustment
D)Lasik

Question 19

What enlarges and becomes less flexible and less transparent,making it more difficult to perceive images in sharp focus and to see in dim light?

A)retina
B)iris
C)cornea
D)lens

Question 20

During middle adulthood,which of the following best explains why skin begins to wrinkle and becomes saggy?

A)Skin begins to lose its fat content and the three layers of skin begin to adhere to each other less firmly.
B)The body retains less water; therefore,skin begins to wrinkle and becomes less pliable.
C)White blood cells begin to decrease in number and skin cells are indirectly affected.
D)The nuclei of skin cells begin to shrink,which in turn affects skin elasticity.

Question 21

Why do tribal Africans in middle adulthood show less decline in hearing than people in developed countries do?

A)They are exposed to less noise in their daily lives.
B)They must make loud noises to keep away predators,so they are used to loud noise.
C)They are genetically better at hearing.
D)Their diets have been shown to support hearing.

Question 22

Menopause tends to occur earlier among women if they ____.

A)abuse alcohol
B)smoke
C)are obese
D)live in poverty

Question 23

At what age do men stop producing sperm?

A)50 years
B)60 years
C)70 years
D)never

Question 24

____ is the end of monthly ovulation and menstruation.

A)Menstruation
B)Menstrual cycle
C)Menopause
D)Menarche

Question 25

One of the most important physical changes of midlife occurs in the reproductive system as fertility declines,a change known as the ____.

A)cacography
B)cochlea
C)climatology
D)climacteric

Question 26

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon known as menopause?

A)The end of monthly ovulation and menstruation.
B)The first menstrual period; the establishment of menstruation.
C)The first male climax and the releasing of sperm.
D)The end of sperm production and fertility.

Question 27

In regards to Lasik monovision

A)the brain automatically figures out which eye to rely on most,depending on whether near vision would distance vision is necessary.
B)human beings only rely on one eye at any given time,a phenomenon known as monocular vision.
C)binocular vision is seldom used and human beings rely on one eye,his or her dominant eye,the majority of the time.
D)of the photoreceptors-cones are located in the left eye and rods are located in the right eye and it is these photoreceptors that help to determine distance

Question 28

Menopause usually takes place in the ____,but there is a wide range of individual variations,from the ____.

A)late 30 or early 40s; early 20s to the late 40s
B)late 40s or early 50s; early 30s to the late 50s
C)late 50s or early 60s; early 40s to the late 60s
D)late 60s or early 70s; early 50s to the late 70s

Question 29

Which of the following is an environmental cause for decreased auditory acuity during middle adulthood?

A)The eardrum and other structures in the inner ear become less flexible.
B)In the brain,the auditory cortex becomes less efficient in processing information from the inner ear.
C)The cilia in the inner ear begin to thin making more difficult to hear.
D)Having a history of working within a factory or a job that exposes a person to chronically loud noises.

Question 30

What is the term that is used to describe the end of monthly ovulation and menstruation?

A)menopause
B)climacteric
C)infertility
D)ovarian blockage

Question 31

Your mother has exercised regularly throughout her entire life.She is very fit,and she has never smoked.Relative to most women,when is menopause likely to occur for her?

A)earlier than most women
B)Exercise has no affect on menopause.
C)later than most women
D)Women who exercise generally do not menstruate.

Question 32

Why are men more likely to experience great hearing loss than women in middle adulthood? They are more likely to ____.

A)listen to very loud music which causes damage to the inner ear
B)be employed in places where there would be chronic exposure to loud noises
C)smoke,which causes irreversible harm to the outer and middle ear
D)not spend as much time trying to listen to what other people are saying

Question 33

What describes the most important physical changes of midlife in terms of the reproductive system as fertility declines in males and females?

A)menopause
B)climacteric
C)infertility
D)erectile dysfunction

Question 34

At what age does menopause usually occur?

A)between 20 and 30 years of age
B)between 30 and 40 years of age
C)between 40 and 50 years of age
D)between 50 and 60 years of age

Question 35

Your mother has been experiencing some of the symptoms of menopause and has been asking her mother about her own experiences with menopause,specifically,when it stopped.Although you are a woman who is still in her early 20s,why is this information important for you and your mother alike?

A)just for information
B)The beginning and end of menopause is influenced by genetics.
C)The end of menopause has a lot to do with generational attitudes.
D)Menopause is completely different for each person and there is no genetic or environmental influence.

Question 36

What happens to the eardrum and other structures of the inner ear during middle adulthood? They become ____.

A)less flexible and more sensitive to sound
B)less flexible and less sensitive to sound
C)more flexible and less sensitive to sound
D)basically unchanged during this time

Question 37

Lasik is a type of surgery that

A)visual problems
B)auditory problems
C)tactile problems
D)olfactory problems

Question 38

Which of the following is a neurological explanation of why auditory acuity declines during midlife?

A)The eardrum and other structures in the inner ear become less flexible.
B)The auditory cortex in the brain becomes less efficient in processing information from the inner ear.
C)The cilia in the inner ear begin to thin making more difficult to hear.
D)The pinna and external auditory canal become less flexible and pliable,therefore making it more difficult to capture environmental sounds.

Question 39

What is the time preceding menopause known as?

A)premenopause
B)perimenopause
C)pseudomenopause
D)postmenopause

Question 40

The tiny hairs in the inner ear that transmit sounds to the brain and make it possible for an individual to hear are known as ____.

A)cilia
B)malleus
C)eardrum
D)incus

Question 41

Women from what world region have the highest rate of hot flashes at 80%?

A)Africa
B)Japan
C)United States
D)India

Question 42

What is a positive result of HRT in menopausal women? It helps to ____.

A)increase bone density
B)decreases the likelihood of stroke
C)reduce the symptoms of menopause
D)improves sexual functioning

Question 43

Which of the following is a known factor that contributes to an earlier onset of menopause?

A)an increase in estrogen
B)having never given birth
C)regular exercise
D)a decrease in testosterone

Question 44

Your father,who is 45 years old,has recently been discussing the desire to father another child.He is worried that he will not able to do so even though he and your mother are strongly considering it.What would you tell him regarding his ability to father another child? He should

A)probably get started,sperm quality and mobility begin to decline at his age
B)give up on the idea,his sperm count is probably too low
C)he should have a fertility check since most males have little to no sperm at age 45 years
D)think carefully about fathering a child; the child has no chance of being born healthy

Question 45

At what rate do testosterone levels decline during midlife?

A)1% per year
B)6% per year
C)12% per year
D)18% per year

Question 46

Which of the following American ethnic groups report the highest rate of hot flashes as a result of menopause?

A)women of African descent
B)women of Asian descent
C)women of European descent
D)women of South American descent

Question 47

For women who are experiencing severe symptoms during menopause,what is a strategy that can alleviate their distress?

A)chiropractic massage
B)hormone replacement therapy
C)eating soy-bean based foods
D)frequent intercourse

Question 48

Which of the following provides support for a genetic influence for the timing of menopause?

A)research studies that show a correlation of the timing of menopause between mothers and daughters and identical twins
B)research studies that show a correlation of the timing of menopause between biologically unrelated women who live in the same environment,sharing a house or an apartment
C)research studies that show a correlation of the timing of menopause for women who live within the same geographical region or country
D)research studies that show a correlation of the timing of menopause for mothers and their adopted daughters

Question 49

Your aunt is beginning menopause and was discussing her feelings about it with you.She was wondering if you knew of anything "natural" that might help relieve her symptoms.What is one thing that might help?

A)taking daily naps in the afternoon
B)drinking large amounts of caffeine
C)eating soybean-based foods
D)living in a very warm climate

Question 50

All women experience _____ and the end of menstruation that constitute menopause,but women vary widely in how they experience the ____.

A)spiritual decline,physiological and psychological effects
B)emotional decline; physiological and social effects
C)cognitive decline; social and psychological effects
D)hormonal declines; physiological and psychological effects

Question 51

A common symptom of menopause is ____.

A)hot flashes
B)anemia
C)dementia
D)jaundice

Question 52

About ____ of women experience symptoms of menopause extreme enough to cause severe distress.

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 53

When are the drops in estrogen and progesterone levels associated with menopause the most severe?

A)at the very beginning
B)during the entire time menopause is occurring
C)at the very beginning and after the end of menopause
D)after the end of menopause

Question 54

For women who experience severe symptoms during menopause,____ is sometimes used to alleviate their distress.

A)chiropractic and acupuncture therapy
B)cognitive behavioral therapy
C)hormone replacement therapy
D)psychoanalytic therapy

Question 55

Generally speaking,how do women across cultures view menopause?

A)fear it in that it signifies the end of reproduction
B)generally welcome the end of their reproductive years.
C)dislike it in that they feel less attractive
D)are typically completely ambivalent

Question 56

A possible explanation of why women in Japan experience a lower rate of hot flashes during menopause is that ____.

A)cultural forces have dictated that hot flashes are inappropriate and Japanese women unconsciously suppress them
B)soybean is a large part of their diet and it contains plant estrogen
C)ginger root is commonly consumed and it has been proven to suppress hot flashes
D)fish is a large part of their diet and vitamin B12 is known to minimize hot flashes

Question 57

Sichhun is a 50-year-old female whose hormone levels have dropped.Her menstrual cycle has ceased and she has begun to experience hot flashes,headaches,dizziness,and heart palpitations on a frequent basis.Which of the following best explains Sichhun's condition?

A)menopause
B)jaundice
C)anemia
D)dementia

Question 58

What is a very common symptom of menopause?

A)cravings for carbohydrates
B)sleeping constantly
C)hot flashes
D)rashes

Question 59

Your grandmother is 62 years old,is a breast cancer survivor,and is experiencing very strong menopausal symptoms.A friend of hers has suggested that hormone replacement therapy would probably help her with her symptoms.Given her background,what would be your advice? She should ____.

A)definitely not use HRT
B)try HRT cautiously and have frequent checkups
C)alternate HRT weekly
D)definitely use HRT; there are no reasons not to do so

Question 60

Your 45-year-old neighbor knows that you are taking a developmental course.She is experiencing some severe symptoms of menopause and was interested in your thoughts on hormone replacement therapy.What would you tell her? HRT is ____.

A)effective,but there are serious potential side effects
B)effective and completely safe
C)not effective and carries many potential side effects
D)not effective,but there are no severe risks

Question 61

What is unique to human females during midlife that does not happen to any other primate species?

A)lifetime pair bonding
B)menopause
C)midlife crisis
D)second families

Question 62

What is the term that describes the building up of plaque in the arteries?

A)pulmonary disease
B)coronary disease
C)high blood pressure
D)atherosclerosis

Question 63

How many hours of sleep do medical authorities recommend getting a night?

A)5 to 6 hours
B)7 to 9 hours
C)10 to 11 hours
D)12 hours

Question 64

Your 59-year-old uncle is convinced that he will have osteoporosis.He is in good health and is quite active.What would you tell him?

A)It is not very likely.Only 20% of persons with osteoporosis are male.
B)He is probably
C)It is not likely if he drinks a lot of milk.
D)He is probably

Question 65

Your 46-year-old uncle is about 60 pounds overweight and is having difficulty sleeping at night.What advice would you give him? You could tell him that ____.

A)most people his age have difficulty sleeping and not to worry about it
B)he should probably consider trying to lose weight.That should help improve his sleeping
C)he is probably depressed and that is why he is having sleeping problems
D)he should see his doctor,he has probably had a small heart attack

Question 66

Your grandmother is a 56-year-old smoker and just read an article discussing osteoporosis.The article did not really cover much,just stated that the likelihood of osteoporosis increases with age.What would you say to her about her risk factor? She should ____.

A)not worry about osteoporosis,you are sure that she will not have trouble
B)get yearly bone density checks and quit smoking!
C)drink a lot of milk
D)start an exercise routine

Question 67

What is a problem that is commonly experienced by individuals in midlife who are obese,have cardiovascular disease,or who are depressed?

A)heart palpitations
B)snoring
C)sleep problems
D)low levels of dopamine

Question 68

Ed is a middle-aged male who is a high-risk candidate for coronary heart disease.Which of the following are recommendations to help Ed lower his risk?

A)establish a healthy diet,increase exercise,and quit smoking
B)get more sleep,get more sun,and get more potassium
C)increase calcium,folic acid and B12,but decrease iron
D)start a multivitamin regimen,decrease stress,and limit the consumption of high fructose corn syrup

Question 69

What is the condition called in which the bones become thin and brittle as a result of rapid calcium depletion?

A)osteoporosis
B)calciumemia
C)ossicle depletion
D)phosphoritis

Question 70

From middle adulthood onward,women lose about what percentage of their bone mass?

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 71

By age 40 years,many individuals in midlife experience sleep problems.What are the consequences? Adults in midlife are ____.

A)less likely to experience the deepest type of sleep
B)more likely to have nightmares
C)more likely to fall asleep on the job
D)less likely to have appropriate bone density

Question 72

Over the years plaque builds up on the coronary arteries,a condition called ____,causing the passage of blood through the arteries to become constricted.

A)cystic fibrosis
B)multiple sclerosis
C)amniocentesis
D)atherosclerosis

Question 73

Which of the following pairs of individuals have a higher concordance rate of osteoporosis than the rest?

A)monozygotic twins
B)dizygotic twins
C)biological sisters
D)adopted sisters

Question 74

____ is a condition in which the bones become thin and brittle as a result of rapid calcium depletion.

A)Scoliosis
B)Jaundice
C)Diabetes
D)Osteoporosis

Question 75

How often do health authorities recommend that women over 50 have their bone density checked?

A)every six months
B)every year
C)every two years
D)every five years

Question 76

What is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

A)eating soy-based foods
B)smoking
C)too much exercising
D)obesity

Question 77

Which of the following is the leading cause of death for adults worldwide?

A)heart disease
B)starvation
C)war
D)cancer

Question 78

During middle adulthood,which of the following are factors related to sleep disturbances and sleep disorders?

A)obesity,cardiovascular disease,and depression
B)arthritis,jaundice,and diabetes
C)restless legs syndrome,myopic vision,and hypertension
D)anxiety,eczema,and psoriasis

Question 79

Eighty percent of people who are diagnosed with osteoporosis are women.The simple explanation for this phenomenon is ____.

A)During menopause women lose estrogen and this puts women at a greater risk for the development of osteoporosis.
B)Women have two X chromosomes and it's known that an inoculating factor for the development of osteoporosis is the Y chromosome.
C)Men have higher levels of testosterone and higher levels of testosterone to combat the development of osteoporosis.
D)Women often live a lifestyle that puts them at greater risk for the development of osteoporosis as compared to men.

Question 80

Medical authorities recommend ____ of sleep per night as optimal,but among midlife adults in the United States more than ____ report receiving less than 7 hours of sleep at least occasionally.

A)5-7 hours; three-quarters
B)6-8 hours; two-thirds
C)7-9 hours; one-fourth
D)9-11 hours; one-half