Deck 9: Emerging Adulthood

Question 1

Which of the following best captures the characteristics of the age of identity explorations?

A)an understanding of one's multifaceted self,to possess instability in one's occupational field,to understand one's biological heritage,and to reflect on one's life with high integrity
B)an understanding of one's gender identity,to possess stability in one's career,to understand one's ethnic heritage and biological beginnings
C)an understanding of who one is,what one's capabilities and limitations are,what one's beliefs and values are,and how one fits into the society around them
D)an understanding of who others are,what a person's temperament is,how the genetic lineage affects longevity,and to have a shaky global view

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods?

A)It is the age of identity explorations,instability,being self-focused,feeling in-between,and possibilities.
B)It is the age of stability,being other-focused,identity diffusion,feeling in-between,and stagnation.
C)It is the age of identity moratorium,stability,feeling marginalized,being self-focused,and developing a global worldview.
D)It is the age of instability,being other-focused,identity foreclosure,feeling marginalized,and possibilities.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Your 26-year-old brother finished college and is working and living by himself.You asked him how it feels to be on his own and he told you he feels like ____.

A)an adult now
B)he is not quite an adult yet,but certainly not a kid
C)he is still an adolescent,but living alone
D)he is fearful of failure

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is one explanation for the dramatic rise in the typical ages of entering marriage and parenthood today in developing countries?

A)marriage is not necessary for sexual relationships
B)parents today discourage early marriage
C)fear of divorce
D)emerging adults cannot make decisions

Question 5

What is one explanation for the dramatic rise in the typical ages of entering marriage and parenthood today in developing countries?

A)the difficulty in finding employment
B)the increase in the number of years to complete formal education
C)the difficulty in finding someone with whom to be romantic
D)society does not encourage early marriage

Question 6

What are the typical ages for emerging adulthood?

A)12 to 17 years
B)18 to 25 years
C)26 to 30 years
D)31 to 35 years

Question 7

What was the median age of marriage for men in most developed countries in 1960?

A)20 years
B)23 years
C)27 years
D)30 years

Question 8

What was the median age of marriage for women in most developed countries in 1960?

A)18 years
B)21 years
C)24 years
D)27 years

Question 9

The age of ____ is an age when people explore various possibilities in love and work as they move toward making enduring choices.

A)instability
B)feeling in-between
C)possibilities
D)identity explorations

Question 10

The median age of marriage for men in most developed countries today is close to _____.

A)22 years
B)25 years
C)30 years
D)35 years

Question 11

In the past,the transition to young adulthood occurred when people were married,entered parenthood,and started stable work.Around what age does this happen for most people today who live in developed countries?

A)20 years
B)25 years
C)30 years
D)35 years

Question 12

The goal of emerging adults' self-focusing is learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person,but emerging adults ____.

A)are not able to meet this goal
B)do not see self-sufficiency as a permanent state
C)need nearly total assistance from their parents during this time
D)have very little cognitive or financial resources to make this happen

Question 13

What is the median age of marriage for women in most developed countries today?

A)20 years
B)23 years
C)27 years
D)30 years

Question 14

Patrick is an emerging adult.For a time period he lived with a group of friends from high school,then he moved back home with his parents,and now he has an apartment of his own.Which of the following characteristics of emerging adulthood best describes Patrick's situation?

A)age of identity explorations
B)age of possibility
C)age of instability
D)self-focused age

Question 15

What is the most distinctive characteristic of emerging adulthood? It is the age of ____.

A)identity exploration
B)instability
C)self-focusing
D)possibilities

Question 16

What percentage of Americans will move back into their parents' home at least once during emerging adulthood?

A)10%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 17

What is the best way to describe the occupational possibilities for young women today?

A)good,but there are still gender-specific occupations
B)about what it was in the 1960s
C)virtually unlimited
D)improving,but problematic

Question 18

In American society,what age group moves from one residence to another the most frequently?

A)8- to 12-year-olds
B)13- to 18-year-olds
C)18- to 29-year-olds
D)30- to 35-year-olds

Question 19

Characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other periods begin to develop ____ emerging adulthood and ____.

A)before; cease to develop afterward
B)before; continue to develop afterward
C)after; cease to develop afterward
D)after; continue to develop afterward

Question 20

When asked,"Do you feel that you have reached adulthood?" the majority of emerging adults respond: ____.

A)Yes.
B)No.
C)In some ways.
D)I've felt like an adult for years.

Question 21

In one national survey of 18- to 29-year-olds in the United States (because this is the age of possibilities),nearly all-89%-agreed with the statement:

A)"I have chosen a career path that brings satisfaction and stability to my life."
B)"I am financially independent and emotionally mature."
C)"I am who I am and that is never going to change."
D)"I am confident that eventually I will get to where I want to be in life."

Question 22

The time period of emerging adulthood is more likely to be a part of ____,and absent in ____.

A)developed countries; rural developing countries
B)rural developing countries; developed countries
C)collective cultures; individualistic cultures
D)developed countries; urban developing countries

Question 23

In the United States,which of the following is the most cited criterion as a marker of adulthood?

A)financial independence
B)the capacity to support one's parents financially
C)emotional and cognitive maturity
D)behavioral and spiritual maturity

Question 24

The time period of emerging adulthood is more likely to be seen in ____.

A)developed countries
B)developing countries
C)collective cultures
D)individualistic cultures

Question 25

What is required for emerging adulthood to exist?

A)a relatively high median age of entering marriage and parenthood
B)an economy that has high interest rates
C)a population that exceeds 150 million
D)a population in which there is large ratio of males to females

Question 26

Your developmental class is having an interesting discussion about what it means to be an adult.Most of the class includes individuals who are emerging adults.What is the consensus of your class? The most important marker for adulthood is ____.

A)financial independence
B)when they are capable of supporting their parents financially
C)when people get married
D)when people start having children

Question 27

The time period of emerging adulthood is more likely to be seen in which of the following countries?

A)Afghanistan,Chad,and Ethiopia
B)the United States,Europe,and Japan
C)South Africa,Papa New Guinea,and Cambodia
D)Zimbabwe,Liberia,and Brazil

Question 28

At which of the following time periods of life is one likely to see a peak in grip strength,cardiac output,maximum oxygen uptake,and bone density?

A)teens
B)20s
C)30s
D)40s

Question 29

Cardiac output peaks in which of the following time periods of life?

A)childhood
B)adolescence
C)emerging adulthood
D)middle adulthood

Question 30

What is the ability of the body to take in oxygen and transport it to various organs?

A)aerobic ability
B)anaerobic ability
C)max VO₂
D)peak physical conditioning

Question 31

In developing countries,in what areas is emerging adulthood most likely to be experienced?

A)near the borders of developed countries
B)urban
C)rural
D)in places where universities exist

Question 32

Which of the following regions of the world has the longest and most leisurely experience for emerging adulthood?

A)Australia
B)Europe
C)South America
D)Southeast Asia

Question 33

In Asia,which of the following is the most cited criterion as a marker of adulthood?

A)financial independence
B)the capacity to support one's parents financially
C)emotional and cognitive maturity
D)behavioral and spiritual maturity

Question 34

You are talking to your roommate who is European and you ask about when people in Europe expect to get married and to start a family.How does your roommate respond? The median age when people in most European countries enter marriage and parenthood is ____.

A)late teens
B)early 20s
C)near 30
D)after 35

Question 35

In the United States and Europe,the most important criteria is for becoming an adult is ____,whereas in Asia it is ____.

A)financial independence; the capacity to support one's parents financially
B)the capacity to support one's parents financially; financial independence
C)emotional maturity; behavioral and cognitive majority
D)behavioral and cognitive maturity; emotional maturity

Question 36

Which of the following emerging adults have a high degree of pressure to develop an identity that places an emphasis on obligation to parents and others?

A)Asian
B)European
C)North American
D)Australian

Question 37

Your developmental class is having an interesting discussion about what it means to be an adult.Most of the class includes individuals who are emerging adults from various Asian countries.What is the consensus of your class? The most important marker for adulthood is ____.

A)financial independence
B)when they are capable of supporting their parents financially
C)when people get married
D)when people start having children

Question 38

In America,which of the following time periods has the greatest degree of residential change or changing where a person lives?

A)childhood
B)emerging adulthood
C)middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 39

____ reflects the ability of the body to take in oxygen and transport it to various organs.

A)Maximum oxygen uptake
B)Minimum oxygen absorption
C)Mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide
D)Microscopic oxygen use

Question 40

You overhear your brother,who is 32,talking to his friends who are about the same age as he is.They are speaking about how they feel about adulthood.The consensus is that they all felt like adults around what age?

A)they still do not feel like adults
B)when they were in their late teens
C)when they were in their early twenties
D)when they were in their late twenties

Question 41

Sleep disturbances are related to which of the following factors?

A)diabetes,a difficult temperament,and anxiety
B)hypertension,an insecure attachment,and concentration
C)a difficult attachment,emotional instability,and memory
D)deficits in attention,memory,and critical thinking

Question 42

At what age is peak bone mass generally reached?

A)during the teenage years
B)during the 20s
C)during the 30s
D)during the 40s

Question 43

For most sports,the peak age of performance occurs during the ____.

A)teens
B)20s
C)30s
D)40s

Question 44

For which of the following time periods is an individual the least susceptible to physical illness?

A)childhood
B)adolescence
C)emerging adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 45

Your 20-year-old brother and your father are playing a game that requires quick responses and your brother is consistently winning.Why? Your brother ____.

A)is just getting lucky
B)is 20 years old and 20-year-olds have the fastest reaction times
C)has more experience playing this game
D)is cheating

Question 46

Your 20-year-old brother is 5'10" tall.He claims that he is going to grow another two inches.Is this likely?

A)Yes,most people grow taller until bone growth completion around age 24.
B)Yes,most people grow taller until bone growth completion around age 21.
C)No,most people are their full adult height by 18 years of age.
D)No,most people reach their full adult height by 14 years of age.

Question 47

What are the major health risks for emerging adults?

A)cardiovascular disease and diabetes
B)sexually transmitted infections
C)carelessness
D)automobile accidents and substance abuse

Question 48

Your roommate sleeps quite a bit during the late afternoon.According to research (Brown et al.,2002),college students are more than twice as likely as other adults to report ____.

A)taking naps
B)delayed sleep phase syndrome
C)insomnia
D)serious night terrors

Question 49

As cited in the text,which of the following might be related to whether or not a person can be classified as high in morningness or eveningness-that is,their preference for either going to bed early and waking up early or going to bed late and waking up late?

A)growth hormone
B)melatonin
C)caffeine
D)acetylcholine

Question 50

Longitudinal studies in the U.S.and Finland have found that physical activity,sports participation,and exercise ____.

A)plateau from adolescence to late adulthood
B)plateau from emerging adulthood to late adulthood
C)increase from adolescence to emerging adulthood
D)decline from adolescence through emerging adulthood

Question 51

Depression,anxiety,and deficits in attention,memory,concentration,and critical thinking are all related to ____.

A)sleep disturbances
B)diabetes
C)temperament
D)hypertension

Question 52

____ is a pattern of sleeping far longer on weekends and holidays than on school or work days,which leads to poor academic and job performance.

A)A phased advanced delay
B)Insomnia
C)Hypersomnia
D)Delayed sleep phase syndrome

Question 53

Which of the following is one recommendation to promote positive sleep hygiene?

A)sedative use
B)watch television
C)limit caffeine intake
D)caffeinated green tea

Question 54

____ of college students report occasional sleep problems and ____ report frequent severe sleep disturbances such as insomnia and insufficient sleep.

A)A majority; a minority
B)A minority; a majority
C)All; a small handful
D)A small handful; all

Question 55

You are very interested in research regarding sleep.You are an emerging adult who is in college,and your sleep patterns include occasional bouts of insomnia,as well as a tendency to sleep very late on weekends and during holiday breaks while still attending 8
A)best support of your cognitive functioning and emotional well-being

A)m.classes during the week.Research suggests that these sleep patterns are distinctive during emerging adulthood in ways that provide the ____.
B)best support of your immune system
C)worst support of your immune system
D)worst support of your cognitive functioning and emotional well-being

Question 56

What percentage of college students report frequent severe sleep disturbances such as insomnia and insufficient sleep?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)100%

Question 57

Sleep researchers have established that people vary in their morningness and eveningness.These preferences change with age due to ____.

A)testosterone levels
B)growth hormone levels
C)neurotransmitter levels
D)estrogen levels

Question 58

When is the immune system the most efficient?

A)during the teenage years
B)during emerging adulthood
C)during early adulthood
D)during middle adulthood

Question 59

When your little sister,who is a freshman in college,comes home to visit,she sleeps all weekend.Why? She has accumulated ____.

A)a sleep debt
B)a sleeping disorder
C)an exhaustive sleep disorder
D)a very bad sleeping habit

Question 60

At what age does cardiac output reach its peak?

A)15 years
B)20 years
C)25 years
D)30 years

Question 61

Young people are less likely than older drivers to wear seat belts.In a serious automobile accident,occupants not wearing seat belts are ____.

A)twice as likely to be killed
B)more likely to be thrown from the car where it is safer
C)more likely to survive a water crash
D)more likely to be intoxicated

Question 62

Which of the following individuals are more likely to drive at excess speeds,follow too closely to other vehicles,violate traffic signs and signals,and take more risks while driving a motorized vehicle?

A)a female who is in her late teens
B)a male who is in his early 20s
C)a female who is in her early 30s
D)a male who is in his early 40s

Question 63

Which of the following are two major contributing factors of why young drivers have a greater incidence of accidents and deaths?

A)inexperience and risk-taking behaviors
B)difficult temperament and an inability to foresee future consequences
C)egocentrism and a lower degree of personal fables
D)hyperactivity and hormone imbalances

Question 64

At the time of the accident,drivers aged 21 to 24 involved in fatal accidents are most likely to have been ____.

A)texting on their cell phones
B)talking on their cell phones
C)changing lanes without signaling
D)driving while intoxicated

Question 65

You are very angry with your brother,who is in a fraternity in college.After speaking with him,he confessed that he has driven several times during the past few months while he was intoxicated,but insists that most of his friends do it,too.What percentage of college students report having driven intoxicated within the past year?

A)70%
B)50%
C)30%
D)10%

Question 66

What are the restraints on behavior imposed by social obligations and relationships called?

A)social modification
B)social control
C)social pressure
D)social skills

Question 67

Which of the following is a leading cause of death for emerging adults?

A)motor vehicle injuries
B)cancer
C)suicide
D)accidental falls

Question 68

Which of the following interventions have been shown to have the greatest effect on reducing automobile injuries and fatalities for young drivers in the United States?

A)graduated driver licensing
B)mandatory driver's education
C)increasing the minimum driving age
D)parental monitoring

Question 69

Across developing countries,what is the leading cause of death during emerging adulthood?

A)cardiovascular disease
B)cancer
C)motor vehicle injuries
D)infections

Question 70

Which of the following are two interventions that can reduce the rate of automobile accidents and fatalities for young drivers?

A)law enforcement monitoring of young drivers
B)increased mandatory drivers' education and a period of restricted license driving
C)increased probationary time for a learner's permit and mandatory drivers' education
D)increased automobile safety and laws that require all occupants of a vehicle to wear a seatbelt

Question 71

Your roommate seems to have a bit of a problem with time management and ends up studying all night for an exam or writing a paper.Is this unusual behavior for a college student?

A)Yes,only 20% of college students ever pull an all-nighter.
B)Yes,only 40% of college students ever pull an all-nighter.
C)No,60% of college students pull an all-nighter at least once.
D)No,80% of college students pull all-nighters.

Question 72

Your roommate seems to have a bit of a problem with time management and ends up studying all night for an exam or writing a paper.She usually tells you that she did great on her exam after studying all night.From your knowledge,is she accurate in her assessment? Students who pull all-nighters generally perform ____.

A)worse than their initial assessment
B)about how they thought they would
C)much better than their initial assessment
D)the data are equivocal so there really is no answer

Question 73

Which of the following best explains why the United States has a higher rate of death for emerging adults from motor vehicle accidents than other Western countries?

A)other countries have a higher minimum driving age and have less access to automobiles
B)other countries have stronger drivers' education programs and have fewer automobiles
C)other countries promote automobile responsibility at a very young age and have a higher minimum driving age
D)other countries have comprehensive mandatory drivers' education programs and require all drivers to prove that they are extremely skilled at handling an automobile

Question 74

Young people are less likely than older drivers to wear seat belts.In serious car crashes,occupants not wearing seat belts are ____ likely to be killed and ____ as likely to be injured compared with those wearing seat belts.

A)25% more; twice
B)twice as; three times
C)75% more; six times
D)half as; eight times

Question 75

What is the program in which young people obtain driving privileges gradually,contingent on a safe driving record?

A)safety sure licensing
B)graduated driver licensing
C)driver's education licensing
D)automobile knowledge and skills licensing

Question 76

Nearly ____ of American college students report driving while intoxicated within the past year.

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)100%

Question 77

A very large study (Rosenneberg et al.,2007)of 55,00 Europeans from childhood through late adulthood found that eveningness peaked at what age?

A)10 to 11 years
B)20 to 21 years
C)30 to 31 years
D)40 to 41 years

Question 78

In the United States,who has the highest rates of automobile accidents,injuries,and fatalities of any age group?

A)16 to 24 year olds
B)26 to 34 year olds
C)46 to 54 year olds
D)66 to 74 year olds

Question 79

In the United States which of the following groups have the highest rates of automobile accidents,injuries,and fatalities of any age group?

A)adolescents and emerging adults
B)aging adults
C)children and young adolescents
D)middle adults and aging adults

Question 80

In the United States,young people aged ____ have the highest rates of automobile accidents,injuries,and fatalities of any age group.

A)16-24
B)18-28
C)20-30
D)22-32