Deck 25: The Digestive System

Question 1

The large intestine absorbs water,fats,and salts.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The digestive system processes food,extracts nutrients,and eliminates the residue.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The small intestine begins with the duodenum,which is its longest segment.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The layer that is responsible for the motility that propels food and residue through the digestive tract is called the __________.

A) lumen
B) muscularis externa
C) submucosa
D) mucosa (mucous membrane)
E) serosa

Question 5

The physiological process that moves a nutrient from the outside of the body to the inside is called __________.

A) ingestion
B) compaction
C) digestion
D) absorption
E) secretion

Question 6

The large intestine is longer than the small intestine.

Question 7

The brush borders of intestinal absorptive cells contain numerous goblet cells.

Question 8

Gastric juice consists entirely of water and hydrochloric acid.

Question 9

Enamel is found in the crown of a tooth,whereas dentin is part of both the crown and the root.

Question 10

Which of the following nutrients must be digested in order to be absorbed?

A) Water
B) Vitamins
C) Proteins
D) Minerals
E) Cholesterol

Question 11

The outermost layer of the digestive tract,which is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue and simple squamous epithelium,is called the __________.

A) lumen
B) muscularis externa
C) submucosa
D) mucosa (mucous membrane)
E) serosa (mesentery)

Question 12

Chylomicrons are secreted from the basal surface of the absorptive cells and taken into the lacteal in the villus.

Question 13

Both chemical and mechanical digestion start in the mouth and continue in the stomach.

Question 14

Both pancreatic juice and bile are secreted into the duodenum.

Question 15

Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach.

Question 16

Odor,sight,and taste stimulate salivatory nuclei in the cerebral cortex.

Question 17

The enteric nervous system regulates much of the digestive activity,but its action depends on the central nervous system.

Question 18

The serous membranes that suspend the stomach and intestines from the abdominal wall are called __________.

A) mesenteries
B) mucosae
C) submucosae
D) muscularis mucosae
E) muscularis externa

Question 19

Most fat is digested by pancreatic lipase.

Question 20

The liver is the body's largest gland.

Question 21

The __________ regulates the flow of contents from the stomach to the duodenum.

A) gastric rugae
B) antrum
C) pyloric sphincter
D) fundus
E) cardial part

Question 22

Which of the following is the accessory organ of digestion responsible for producing bile?

A) Tongue
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Salivary glands
E) Gallbladder

Question 23

Acid reflux into the esophagus ("heartburn")is normally prevented by __________.

A) pharyngeal constrictors
B) the upper esophageal sphincter
C) the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
D) esophageal glands
E) pharyngeal and buccal sphincters

Question 24

Necessary for Vitamin B₁₂ absorption,__________ is/are secreted by __________ cells.

A) intrinsic factor;parietal
B) bile salts;chief
C) lecithin;hepatic
D) hydrochloric acid;parietal
E) enteropeptidase;mucous

Question 25

Several digestive enzymes are secreted as zymogens because __________.

A) it saves one step in their synthesis
B) gastric cells do not have the necessary enzymes for their synthesis
C) they start digesting intracellular proteins of the gastric cells more quickly
D) they act only in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins
E) they can start digesting dietary proteins more quickly

Question 26

Infants have __________ deciduous teeth,whereas adults have __________ permanent teeth.

A) 20;32
B) 16;20
C) 28;20
D) 32;20
E) 32;32

Question 27

Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?

A) Tongue
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Salivary glands
E) Spleen

Question 28

The small intestine is suspended from the abdominal wall by the ___________.

A) falciform ligament
B) mesentery
C) greater omentum
D) lesser omentum
E) esophageal hiatus

Question 29

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)is secreted by __________ cells.

A) mucous
B) regenerative (stem)
C) parietal
D) chief
E) enteroendocrine

Question 30

Each of the following lists some of the tissue layers of the digestive tract.Which one has them in correct order from lumen to external surface?

A) Lamina propria,muscularis mucosae,submucosa,muscularis externa,serosa
B) Serosa,lamina propria,submucosa,muscularis mucosae,muscularis externa
C) Mucosa,submucosa,muscularis mucosae,muscularis externa,lamina propria
D) Mucosa,muscularis mucosae,submucosa,muscularis externa,lamina propria
E) Mucosa,submucosa,muscularis externa,lamina propria,serosa

Question 31

The __________ gland is an extrinsic salivary gland,whereas the __________ gland is an intrinsic salivary gland.

A) lingual;labial
B) submandibular;lingual
C) submandibular;sublingual
D) sublingual;parotid
E) lingual;sublingual

Question 32

Which of the following is not normally found in saliva?

A) Mucus
B) Lysozyme
C) Amylase
D) Lipase
E) Protease

Question 33

The enterogastric reflex serves to __________.

A) relax the stomach in preparation for swallowed food
B) stimulate acid and enzyme secretion when food enters the stomach
C) stimulate intestinal motility when there is food in the stomach
D) inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestine
E) relax the ileocecal valve when chyme is on its way to the colon

Question 34

Pepsinogen is produced by __________ and is activated by __________,which is secreted by __________.

A) chief cells;carbonic anhydrase (CAH);parietal cells
B) chief cells;hydrochloric acid (HCl);parietal cells
C) parietal cells;hydrochloric acid (HCl);chief cells
D) parietal cells;carbonic anhydrase (CAH);chief cells
E) enteroendocrine cells;carbonic anhydrase (CAH);parietal cells

Question 35

The swallowing center is located in the __________.

A) mouth
B) oropharynx
C) esophagus
D) medulla oblongata
E) enteric nervous system

Question 36

The surface of the tongue is covered with __________ stratified squamous epithelium,and has bumps called __________,where many taste buds can be found.

A) keratinized;lingual papillae
B) keratinized;lingual frenulum
C) nonkeratinized;lingual papillae
D) nonkeratinized;tonsils
E) nonkeratinized;vallate papillae

Question 37

The oral phase of swallowing is under __________ control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is __________.

A) central nervous system;also controlled by the central nervous system
B) central nervous system;controlled by autonomic reflexes
C) autonomic nervous system;controlled by autonomic reflexes
D) voluntary;also voluntary
E) involuntary;also involuntary

Question 38

The __________ regulates digestive tract motility,secretion,and blood flow.Its neurons are found in the __________.

A) autonomic nervous system;serosa
B) central nervous system;muscularis externa and muscularis mucosae
C) enteric nervous system;submucosa and muscularis externa
D) visceral sensory division;muscularis externa and submucosa
E) visceral motor division;mucosa and submucosa

Question 39

An example of chemical digestion is the break down of __________ into __________.

A) proteins;nucleotides
B) amino acids;proteins
C) polysaccharides;amino acids
D) nucleic acids;nucleotides
E) fatty acids;cholesterol

Question 40

Which of the following is the correct list of tooth anatomy from the most superficial to the deepest?

A) Cementum,root canal,enamel
B) Enamel,root canal,dentin
C) Dentin,enamel,cementum
D) Enamel,dentin,pulp
E) Crown,enamel,dentin

Question 41

The __________ of the small intestine is/are similar to the __________ of the stomach.

A) villi;pyloric glands
B) rugae;aggregated lymphoid nodules
C) intestinal crypts;gastric pits
D) goblet cells;parietal cells
E) pyloric sphincter;ileocecal valve

Question 42

Pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to a hormone called __________.

A) insulin
B) cholecystokinin (CCK)
C) secretin
D) glucagon
E) gastrin

Question 43

Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming __________.

A) triglycerides,fatty acids,and glycerol
B) low density lipoproteins (LDL)
C) chylomicrons
D) emulsification droplets
E) micelles

Question 44

The __________ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing __________.

A) duodenum;neutral fats
B) ileum;bilirubin
C) gallbladder;cholesterol
D) pancreas;bile salts
E) liver;cholesterol

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true regarding the sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT)?

A) It is a uniport carrier.
B) It is an antiport carrier.
C) It uses solvent drag to transport glucose and sodium.
D) It transports glucose and sodium from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells.
E) It transports glucose from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells,and sodium in the opposite direction.

Question 46

The enzyme(s)called __________ break(s)down the substrate called __________.

A) lactase;glucose
B) peptidases;proteins
C) lipases;micelles
D) lactose;lactase
E) nucleases;nucleotides

Question 47

Which of the following enzymes functions at the lowest pH?

A) Salivary amylase
B) Pancreatic amylase
C) Pepsin
D) Trypsin
E) Dipeptidase

Question 48

Which of the following bile components contributes to digestion?

A) Bile salts
B) Bilirubin
C) Bile pigments
D) Minerals
E) Cholesterol

Question 49

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the __________,whereas protein digestion begins in the __________.

A) liver;small intestine
B) small intestine;stomach
C) mouth;stomach
D) mouth;small intestine
E) stomach;small intestine

Question 50

Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the __________,and fatty acids are absorbed in the __________.

A) small intestine;large intestine
B) small intestine;liver
C) stomach;small intestine
D) stomach;large intestine
E) small intestine;small intestine

Question 51

Which of the following is not associated with the large absorptive surface of the small intestine?

A) Circular folds (plicae circulares)
B) Intestinal length
C) Microvilli
D) Villi
E) Rugae

Question 52

The __________ phase is associated with food stretching the stomach and activating myenteric and vagovagal reflexes,which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.

A) cephalic
B) gastric
C) intestinal
D) gastrointestinal
E) mesenteric

Question 53

Contact digestion takes place in/at the __________.

A) gastric pits
B) surface of the gastric mucosa
C) intestinal crypts
D) brush border of the small intestine
E) cytoplasm in the cells of the small intestine

Question 54

A sodium bicarbonate solution is secreted in response to a hormone called __________.

A) insulin
B) cholecystokinin (CCK)
C) secretin
D) glucagon
E) gastrin

Question 55

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?

A) Triglycerides
B) Amino acids
C) Glucose
D) Minerals
E) Water-soluble vitamins

Question 56

A hepatic triad consists of __________.

A) the right,left,and common hepatic ducts
B) the common hepatic duct,cystic duct,and bile duct
C) the hepatic portal vein and two hepatic ducts
D) a bile ductule,a branch of the hepatic artery,and a branch of the hepatic portal vein
E) a central vein,a hepatic lobule,and a hepatic sinusoid

Question 57

__________ is a hormone,whereas __________ is an enzyme.

A) Enteropeptidase;pepsin
B) Gastrin;secretin
C) Gastrin;cholecystokinin (CCK)
D) Gastric lipase;histamine
E) Secretin;pepsin

Question 58

Which of the following statements regarding the migrating motor complex is true?

A) It milks the chyme toward the colon.
B) It allows a bolus to move down the esophagus.
C) It churns and mixes residue in the descending colon.
D) It churns and mixes a bolus with gastric juices.
E) It propels pancreatic juice down the pancreatic duct.

Question 59

The __________ stores excess glucose and releases it into the blood when needed.

A) pancreas
B) stomach
C) liver
D) spleen
E) small intestine

Question 60

Which of the following is not a component of the pancreatic juice?

A) Trypsinogen
B) Chymotrypsinogen
C) Deoxyribonuclease
D) Sodium bicarbonate
E) Enteropeptidase

Question 61

The muscle tone of the __________ along the colon contracts it lengthwise,causing its walls to bulge and form pouches called __________.

A) circular folds;ceca
B) taeniae coli;haustra
C) haustra;taeniae coli
D) internal sphincters;omental (epiploic)appendages
E) internal sphincters;ceca

Question 62

Which of the following is not a trigger for mass movements of the colon?

A) The gastrocolic reflex
B) The duodenocolic reflex
C) Chyme filling the duodenum
D) Chyme filling the stomach
E) The colorectal reflex

Question 63

The stomach contains enteric pacemaker cells responsible for its regular churning motion and thus mechanical digestion.

Question 64

The movement of colonic contents from one puckered section to another is called __________.

A) the gastrocolic reflex
B) the duodenocolic reflex
C) mass movement
D) haustral contraction
E) defecation

Question 65

Which of the following occurs in response to chemical irritants or sensory stimuli?

A) vomiting
B) mechanical digestion
C) segmentation
D) mass movement

Question 66

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between the mucosa of the small and large intestines?

A) They both have villi,but only the small intestine has microvilli.
B) The small intestine has deeper intestinal crypts than the large intestine.
C) The small intestine has simple columnar epithelium and the large intestine does not.
D) Intestinal crypts are only found in the large intestine.
E) The large intestine has larger circular folds than the small intestine.

Question 67

Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

A) Activate pepsinogen to pepsin
B) Activate lingual lipase
C) Emulsify lipids
D) Destroy ingested pathogens
E) Convert Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺

Question 68

Which of the following is the proper sequence by which proteins are digested by different enzymes?

A) Pepsin,trypsin,carboxypeptidase,dipeptidase
B) Pepsin,trypsin,dipeptidase,carboxypeptidase
C) Trypsin,pepsin,carboxypeptidase,dipeptidase
D) Trypsin,pepsin,dipeptidase,carboxypeptidase
E) Dipeptidase,carboxypeptidase,pepsin,trypsin

Question 69

The three most abundant classes of nutrients are __________.

A) carbohydrates,proteins,and minerals
B) fats,proteins,and carbohydrates
C) proteins,nucleic acids,and carbohydrates
D) triglycerides,starches,and proteins
E) proteins,fats,and minerals

Question 70

Without a properly functioning large intestine a person will have chronic diarrhea.

Question 71

Bacteria constitute about __________% of the dry weight of the feces.

A) 2
B) 14
C) 30
D) 55
E) 80

Question 72

The small intestine uses segmentation to mix chyme with digestive enzymes,increase its contact with the mucosa,and propel it forward through the digestive tract.

Question 73

Defecation is stimulated by __________.

A) the chemical composition of the feces
B) bacterial flora in the feces
C) water content of the feces
D) lipid content in the feces
E) stretching of the rectum

Question 74

Which of the following has an abundance of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa and submucosa?

A) small intestine
B) large intestine
C) stomach
D) esophagus
E) mouth

Question 75

Lipids are transported to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells by __________,and are then processed into __________.

A) fat droplets;micelles
B) fat droplets;chylomicrons
C) micelles;fat droplets
D) micelles;chylomicrons

Question 76

All chemical digestion is essentially just hydrolysis reactions.

Question 77

Defecation is controlled by a __________.

A) myenteric reflex only
B) spinal reflex only
C) myenteric reflex and a spinal reflex

Question 78

Which of the following is not a process carried out by bacterial flora?

A) Digestion of most of the proteins we get in the diet
B) Synthesis of vitamin K
C) Production of some of the gases found in flatus
D) Digestion of cellulose
E) Formation of part of the feces

Question 79

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step reaction in HCl production by gastric parietal cells is called __________.

A) carbonic acid
B) carbonic anhydrase
C) dipeptidase
D) protease
E) ATPase